CN103730706A - 避免或减少电气组件的结露状态的方法和装置 - Google Patents
避免或减少电气组件的结露状态的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于避免或减少在电气组件(2)之内或之上的结露状态的方法和装置(1),包括用于冷却电气组件(2)的冷却装置(3)、至少一个用于检测或确定冷却装置(3)的冷却介质(4)的温度的器件、至少一个用于检测或确定电气组件(2)的温度(Ti)的器件以及至少一个带有至少一个特性场的评估和控制单元(8),其中可以根据所检测或确定的温度值(TK,Ti)根据特性场估计结露几率,其中当结露几率大于一个事先确定的阈值时,评估和控制单元(8)提高冷却介质(4)的温度(TK)和/或降低电气组件(2)的功率输出。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于避免或减少在电气组件,尤其电动汽车或混合动力汽车的电池组系统之内或之上的结露状态的方法和装置。
背景技术
为了保证电池组系统,尤其是锂离子电池组系统的安全、功能和寿命,需要使电池运行在预先给定的温度范围内。在功率输出期间基本上出现焦耳热能,它可以用电池的电流和电阻描述。为了防止电池温升超过温度临界阈值,必须有效地释放所述热能。此外,蓄电池上的温度分布必须尽可能均匀,亦即,温度差应不大于4开尔文温度。
均匀温度调节的一种可能性是借助于布置在电池组外壳内的主动冷却装置(,例如液体装置)引走热能,所述冷却装置直接冷却电池组的一个或者多个电池外壳表面。这样布置的问题是,它可能导致电池组外壳内被冷却的表面上形成冷凝水。所述冷凝水由于对导电金属件和可能存在的电子电路有电化学腐蚀的危险,而对电池组系统的寿命和/或功能是巨大危险。
在DE102007011026A1中公开了对该问题一个可能的解决方案。该解决方案包括安装冷却塔使湿气从外壳冷凝并引出。然而应用冷却塔的结果是附加的成本、限制了在电池组外壳确定尺寸时的活动余地,而且无法完全排除在外壳内部形成冷凝水的可能性,而只是减小在外壳内部形成冷凝水的程度。
从WO2011/035991A1已知一个电池组系统,包括
i)一个或者多个蓄电池;
ii)外壳,其中布置有所述蓄电池;和
iii)一个或多个被动导热介质,它们布置为使得能够通过该被动导热介质把蓄电池的热能从外壳内部引出而传递到布置在外壳以外的冷却板上。
布置在外壳以外的冷却板可以是电池组系统的组成部分。该电池组系统 原则上还包括这样的电池组系统,它们本身不包括冷却板,而是可以把来自外壳内部的热能传递到一个单独的已经在负载中或者环境中存在的冷却板或者冷却装置。
在电池中产生的热能首先通过被动导热介质,例如与电池的一个或多个外壳表面接触的冷却板,传导地引导到外壳以外的冷却板上。热能可以从那里被外部的主动冷却装置吸收和释放。为此可以使用传统的主动冷却装置,例如液体冷却装置。该电池组系统允许有效地调节电池组系统的电池的温度,而避免在外壳内部形成冷凝水。
从US2011/0016899A1已知一种调节汽车电池温度的方法,其中应该避免或者减少结露状态或冷凝,其中应该省去单独的湿度传感器。在此,该冷却装置设计为空气冷却装置。在此,检测电池内的温度并与基准温度进行比较。如果机动车客舱(从该机动车客舱内抽取用于空气冷却装置的空气)内的温度高于电池内温度,则减少空气量。这将导致温度差降低,从而防止冷凝。在此还规定在极端情况下完全关断冷却装置。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种用于避免或减少结露状态的方法和装置,借此进一步减少结露状态的危险。
该技术问题按本发明通过一种用于避免或减少在用冷却装置冷却的电气组件之内或之上的结露状态的方法和装置解决。。
用于避免或减少在用冷却装置冷却的电气组件之内或之上的结露状态的方法包括下列方法步骤:
●检测或确定冷却装置的冷却介质温度,
●检测或确定该电气组件的温度,
●借助特性场,根据所检测或确定的冷却介质和电气组件的温度,估计结露几率,
●当该结露几率大于事先确定的阈值时,当冷却介质温度低于电气组件温度时,提高冷却介质温度和/或减少电气组件的功率输出。
在此,无论单独地或者相结合地采取两个措施,它们均导致温度差减小,因此也减小了结露危险。在此,可以由运行状态决定进行功率输出的减小,亦即,只有在上级的或更高优先级的运行条件不反对减少时,才减少功率输 出。例如,可以在某些运行状态下,将电气组件有可重复再现的特性评估为有更高优先级。该电气组件优选是电动汽车或混合动力汽车中的电池组系统。但是原则上本发明还可以应用于其它电池组系统,例如用于光热太阳能发电器或者风力发电装置中。本发明还可以用于燃料电池系统或诸如功率电路或者DC/DC转换器等其它高压组件。另外需要说明,尤其对于复杂的和/或模块化制造的电气组件,尤其是电池组系统,可以在多个位置上检测或确定该电气组件的温度。在此,所述特性场优选凭经验事先确定并且保存。在此还需要说明,该事先确定的阈值同样可以在不同的运行状态下进行不同地选择。另外还可以规定,设置附加的器件,以便吸收湿气。
在一个实施例中,在特性场中考虑环境温度作为参数。在此,环境温度尤其是该电气组件启动时空气湿度的量度。预测较高的空气湿度相应地提高结露几率,反之亦然。为了根据外部环境温度改善预测的空气湿度的说服力,在此可以规定,用过去经过的一段时间间隔的环境温度值评估该环境温度,并且然后由此估计空气湿度。这样可以由过去的温度值,例如最近3天或5天的温度值,更好地判断占主导的天气,以便由温度值得出空气湿度。
在另一个实施例中,附加地减少冷却介质流量,这同样减少了结露危险。这个措施可以与上述措施在时间上平行地、在上述措施前面或者后来进行。
在另一个实施例中,如果尽管在冷却装置和/或电气组件上采取所述措施但还是有结露危险,则至少临时关断该冷却装置。然而在此优选还监测该电气组件的允许温度范围,使得在某些情况下在达到该电气组件的临界温度范围时仍旧接通或再次接通该冷却装置。
在另一个实施例中,与该冷却装置热耦合的电气组件或者另一个电气组件这样地运行,从而提高热功率输出,以便加热该冷却介质。因此,可以省去单独的冷却介质加热元件。在此,还可以规定,该冷却装置形成与第二冷却循环耦合的第一冷却循环。在此,该耦合可以通过能够交换冷却介质的阀门,或者通过热交换器进行。在此,通过控制所述阀门或者热交换器可以有针对性地加热或者冷却用于电气组件的冷却介质。
在另一个实施例中,该冷却装置是液体冷却装置,其例如具有水-乙二醇混合液作为冷却介质。在此,液体冷却装置比起空气冷却装置具有的优点是,尤其当加热该冷却介质时,对汽车内部空间温度的反作用较小。
用于避免或减少在电气组件内的结露状态的装置包括用于冷却该电气 组件的冷却装置、至少一个用于检测或确定该冷却装置的冷却介质温度的器件、至少一个用于检测或确定电气组件温度的器件以及至少一个带有至少一个特性场的评估和控制单元,其中可以根据特性场根据所检测或确定的温度值估计结露几率,其中在结露几率大于事先确定的阈值时,该评估和控制单元提高冷却介质温度和/或降低该电气组件的功率输出。其它有利的设计方案可以参见方法权利要求的实施方案。
附图说明
以下根据一个优选实施例对本发明作较详细的说明。
唯一的附图表示用于避免或减少电气组件中的结露状态的装置的示意框图。
具体实施方式
用于避免或减少在电气组件2之内或之上的结露状态的装置1包括冷却装置3,它泵送冷却介质4通过电气组件2。在此,冷却介质4优选是水-乙二醇混合物。在所显示的示例中,该电气组件2是一个电池组系统,其带有布置在电池组外壳6内的蓄电池模块5。所述蓄电池模块5包括大量彼此连接的蓄电池。在此,该蓄电池模块5可以由多个部分模块组成,其中冷却介质4在这些部分模块之间引导通过,以便把由于电功率损失而产生的热量带走。蓄电池模块5有至少一个温度传感器7,借此检测该蓄电池或该电气组件2的温度Ti。通常存在多个温度传感器7。还需要说明,温度传感器7还可以布置在电池组外壳6上,其中随后可以借助于建模反推电气组件2或者在此是蓄电池模块5的温度Ti。该装置1还包括评估和控制单元8以及检测环境温度TA用的温度传感器9。在此,通过冷却装置3用未示出的传感器检测或确定冷却介质4的温度TK并且传输至评估和控制单元8。在评估和控制单元8中,另外还保存有根据经验确定的特性场,由此可以根据冷却介质4的温度TK和电气组件2的温度Ti读出结露几率,其中将环境温度TA作为另一个参数予以考虑。在此在大大简化的情况下适用Ti和TK之间的较大温度差会提高结露几率。
还可以看出,第二冷却循环10通过热交换器11与冷却装置3的冷却循环热耦合。
在启动电气组件2时,评估和控制单元8根据所传输的温度值Ti、TK和TA根据特性场检验结露几率有多大。若它大于一个事先确定的阈值,则评估和控制单元8采取对策。在此,评估和控制单元8确定冷却介质4的温度TK是否可以提高。这可以用不同的方式进行。例如,可以通过热交换器11把热量从第二冷却循环10耦合到冷却装置3的冷却循环。作为替代方案可以规定,接通电气组件2,而不泵送冷却介质4,使得冷却介质4在电池组外壳6中升温。当随后冷却装置9开始泵送冷却介质4时,可以关断热交换器11,以便使冷却介质4进一步升温。
评估和控制单元8可以与此同时或在时间上在此之前或之后地将控制命令传输到控制电气组件2的控制装置,从而以降低的电功率驱动电气组件2,以便使温度差不会升高地过快。作为替代或补充,可以降低冷却介质4的流速或流量。
作为当所有上述措施都无法降低结露几率时的最后措施,可以关断冷却装置3,只要保证电气组件2不超过临界温度即可。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于避免或减少在用冷却装置(3)冷却的电气组件(2)之内或之上的结露状态的方法,其中检测或确定冷却装置(3)的冷却介质(4)的温度(TK),并且检测或确定电气组件(2)的温度(Ti),其中借助于特性场根据所检测或确定的温度值(Ti;TK)估计结露几率,其中当结露几率大于一个事先确定的阈值时,提高冷却介质(4)的温度(TK)和/或降低电气组件(2)的功率输出。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,考虑环境温度(TA)作为特性场中的参数。
3.按照权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,用已经经过的一段时间间隔的环境温度值评估环境温度(TA),并且由此估计电气组件(2)的周围空气的湿度。
4.按照上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,附加地降低冷却介质(4)的流量。
5.按照上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,如果尽管在冷却装置(3)和/或电气组件(2)上采取了所述措施但仍有结露危险,则至少临时关断冷却装置(3)。
6.按照上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,这样运行电气组件(2)或另一个与冷却装置(3)热耦合的电气组件,从而提高热功率输出,以便加热冷却介质(4)。
7.按照上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述冷却装置(3)是液体冷却装置。
8.一种用于避免或减少在电气组件(2)之内或之上的结露状态的装置(1),包括
用于冷却电气组件(2)的冷却装置(3)、至少一个用于检测或确定冷却装置(3)的冷却介质(4)的温度的器件、至少一个用于检测或确定电气组件(2)的温度(Ti)的器件以及至少一个带有至少一个特性场的评估和控制单元(8),其中能够根据所检测或确定的温度值(TK,Ti)根据所述特性场估计结露几率,其中当结露几率大于一个事先确定的阈值时,所述评估和控制单元(8)提高冷却介质(4)的温度(TK)和/或降低电气组件(2)的功率输出。
9.按照权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,在特性场中考虑环境温度(TA)作为参数。
10.按照权利要求8或9所述的装置,其特征在于,所述冷却装置(3)设计为液体冷却装置。
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