CN103713439A - Flexible cloaking device with adjustable infrared emittance and assembling method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible cloaking device with adjustable infrared emittance and assembling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a flexible cloaking device with the adjustable infrared emittance, and belongs to the technical field of electrochromism device manufacturing. The device comprises an eight-layer sandwich structure, the eight layers include an infrared transparent polymer packaging layer, an activity discoloring layer, a metal electrode and reflection layer, a porous membrane carrier, a space layer adsorbed with polyelectrolyte, an ion storage layer, a metal electrode and a substrate material and infrared transparent polymer packaging layer respectively from top to bottom, the upper part and the lower part of the device are bonded together through the space layer adsorbed with the polyelectrolyte, and the device is assembled layer by layer from bottom to top. An electrochromism device has the advantages of being bendable and being of a thin stratified structure. The thickness of the device is smaller than 1 millimeter, and the total thickness of all functional layers is smaller than 0.2 millimeter. According to the flexile cloaking device, the capability of adjusting the infrared reflection rate and emittance can reach about 50%, and the practicality field of the device can be further expanded due to the flexible mechanical performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the flexible stealthy device of a kind of adjustable infrared emittance and assemble method thereof, belong to electrochromic device preparing technical field, the especially stealthy application to infrared guidance guided missile for military target.
Background technology
By dwindling the infrared emission feature of military target and the difference of surrounding environment infrared emittance, can realize stealthy to infrared guidance guided missile of military target, thereby improve military target in the survival rate in battlefield.The optical characteristics of electrochromic material (color, transparency and reflectivity etc.) can realize reversible variation under extra electric field, its infrared absorption and emissivity also can regulate and control by changing voltage, are a kind of stealth technologies fast, efficiently and cheaply.In addition, electrochromic device has the features such as operating voltage is low, energy consumption is little, cost is low, in fields such as display device, smart window, anti-dazzle automobile rearview mirrors, has a wide range of applications.
The infrared stealth material of existing military target and device mainly contain two kinds: the one, by applying the coating with different infrared emittances on military target surface, be that infrared camouflage color realizes the infrared emission feature of military target and the infrared emission feature of environment approaches, reach stealthy object.But with the subtle change of environment and temperature, this camouflage is easy to lose efficacy, and need to re-start coating; Another infrared reflection electrochromic device, though can regulate in real time the infrared emittance of device, but because construction features-incomplete metal grate electrode of infrared transparent and the backing material of high index of refraction of device causes the loss of signal in interface, the infrared emittance modulation capability limited (15%-30%) of device, is difficult to meet the actual requirement (being greater than 30% infrared emission modulation rate) of using.In addition existing infrared emission modulation device have weight large, be difficult for assembling and there is the deficiencies such as abnormally-structured device, development has that contrast is high, quality is light, flexible infrared stealth device different, that even have deflection will greatly advance the practical of this infrared stealth device.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the flexible stealthy device of a kind of novel adjustable infrared emittance and assemble method thereof, the electrochromic device providing has sandwich structure and the flexible flexible characteristic of multilayer.The device of the present invention assembling can be realized the efficient adjusting of in infrared guidance guided missile working sensor wave band (3-5 micron) infrared emittance or reflectivity, and its contrast can reach 50% left and right, can meet the requirement of actual use completely.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
The flexible stealthy device of a kind of adjustable infrared emittance, comprise eight layers of sandwich structure, respectively separate layer, ion storage layer, metal electrode, backing material and the infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer that infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer, active photochromic layer, metal electrode and reflection horizon, porous membrane support, absorption have polyelectrolyte from top to bottom, wherein absorption has the separate layer of polyelectrolyte that two parts up and down of device are bonded together, and device assembling adopts the mode of layer assembly from bottom to up.
Further, described active photochromic layer and ion storage layer are for adopting electrochemical polymerization or solution to apply and the conducting polymer that lifts acquisition, described conducting polymer is polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, poly-(3,4-Ethylenedioxy Thiophene)-poly-(styrene sulfonic acid) and derivative film thereof.
Further, metal electrode and reflection horizon are the high infrared reflection rate of 50～200 nanometers and the metal film of high conductivity for adopting hot evaporation or the standby thickness of ion sputtering legal system, and described metal film is gold, silver and aluminium etc.
Further, porous membrane support is that thickness is 20～50 microns, and aperture is the polycarbonate membrane, polyvinylidene chlorida film, polyimide film of 500 nanometers to 20 micron etc., and hole wherein passes in and out active photochromic layer for device course of work intermediate ion by migration pattern.
Further, it is by perforated membranes such as polycarbonate membrane, polyvinylidene chlorida film, polyimide film and filter paper that absorption has the separate layer of polyelectrolyte, and adsorbs the gel polyelectrolyte being comprised of carbonic allyl ester, polymethylmethacrylate, lithium salts and acetonitrile.In described polyelectrolyte, the mass percent of lithium perchlorate is 1%～10%, and the mass percent of polymethylmethacrylate is 10%～30%, and the mass percent of carbonic allyl ester is 5%～20%, and the mass percent of acetonitrile is 40%～84%.
Further, metal electrode is the metallic film (gold, silver and aluminium etc.) that thickness is greater than 50 nanometers, and metal electrode obtains by hot evaporation (aluminium) or the method for ion sputtering (gold or platinum).
Further, backing material is polyolefins flexible polymeric film, and to directly take the device that the metallic films such as aluminium foil are electrode, backing material can omit.
Further, infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer is comprised of Low Density Polyethylene and other simple polyolefin with low ir-absorbance, and the thickness of thin polymer film is 20 microns of left and right.
The assemble method of the flexible stealthy device of above-mentioned adjustable infrared emittance, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) deposit metal electrodes and infrared reflecting layer in porous membrane support.At porous film surface, adopt the method such as hot evaporation or ion sputtering form thickness at the metal level (gold, silver or aluminium) of 50 to 200 nanometer thickness as metal electrode, this electrode is simultaneously as the infrared reflecting layer of device.
(2) preparation of active photochromic layer.On the metal electrode obtaining in step (1), prepare thickness at 500 nanometers to 2 micron active photochromic layer, photochromic layer can be by lifting in conductive polymer solution or dispersion liquid, or adopt coated with conductive polymer solution and electrochemical polymerization method to prepare on electrode.
(3) absorption has the preparation of the separate layer of polyelectrolyte.After the acetonitrile that the carbonic allyl ester that the polymethylmethacrylate that the lithium perchlorate that is 1%～10% by mass percent, mass percent are 10%～30%, mass percent are 5%～20% and mass percent are 40%～84% mixes, will in filter paper or other porous membrane immersion polyelectrolyte solution, form the separate layer that absorption has polyelectrolyte.
(4) rely on the metal electrode of backing material and the preparation of ion storage layer.By methods such as hot evaporation and ion sputterings at the upper metal level that forms high conduction of flexible material (tygon, polypropylene and polyester etc.) as electrode, to take the device that aluminium foil is metal electrode, its backing material can omit.Finally adopt the method similar to step 2 on metal electrode, to prepare thickness in 500 nanometers to 2 micron ion storage layer, ion storage layer can be by electrode is lifted in conductive polymer solution or dispersion liquid, or adopt coated with conductive polymer solution and electrochemical polymerization method to prepare on electrode.
(5) assembling of device and encapsulation.Order is from bottom to up by infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer, backing material, metal electrode, ion storage layer, absorption has the separate layer of polyelectrolyte, porous membrane support, metal electrode and reflection horizon, active photochromic layer and infrared transparent polymer encapsulated are pressed together layer by layer, with absorption, there is the separate layer of polyelectrolyte that upper and lower two parts (be supported in metal electrode and the variable color active layer on perforated membrane and be supported in metal electrode and the ion storage layer on substrate) are combined, after two metal electrodes are drawn respectively to wire, with thin polymer film, whole device is coated and is sealed.
This beneficial effect of the invention is: electrochromic device provided by the invention is sandwich laminate structure flexible, deflection, active photochromic layer is not between two electrodes, and ion moves to the modulation of active photochromic layer realization to infrared light by the hole of perforated membrane.That resulting devices has is flexible, the feature of lamellar structure.The thickness size of device is less than 1 millimeter, and the gross thickness of each functional layer is less than 0.2 millimeter.This device to the modulation capability of infrared reflectivity and emissivity, can reach 50% left and right, its pliable and tough mechanical property can further be expanded its practical field.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the flexible stealthy device of adjustable infrared emittance in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is device adjustment curve to wavelength infrared reflectivity between 3～5 microns under different voltage of assembling in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Description of symbols in figure, 1, active photochromic layer; 2, metal electrode and reflection horizon; 3, porous membrane support; 4, absorption has the separate layer of polyelectrolyte; 5, ion storage layer; 6, metal electrode; 7, backing material; 8, infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, to better understand the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Figure 1 shows that the structural representation of the flexible stealthy device of adjustable infrared emittance provided by the invention, comprise eight layers of sandwich structure, each comprising in Fig. 1 layer is respectively infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer 8 from top to bottom, active photochromic layer 1, metal electrode and reflection horizon 2, porous membrane support 3, absorption has the separate layer 4 of polyelectrolyte, ion storage layer 5, metal electrode 6, backing material 7 and infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer 8, wherein absorption has the separate layer 4 of polyelectrolyte that two parts up and down of device are bonded together, device assembling adopts the mode of layer assembly from bottom to up, resulting devices has flexible, the feature of lamellar structure.0.8 millimeter of the thickness size of device, 0.15 millimeter of the gross thickness of each functional layer.Fig. 2 is device adjustment curve to wavelength infrared reflectivity between 3～5 microns under different voltage of assembling in the present embodiment.This device to the modulation capability of infrared reflectivity and emissivity, can reach 52% left and right, its pliable and tough mechanical property can further be expanded its practical field.
Described active photochromic layer 1 and ion storage layer 5 are for adopting electrochemical polymerization or solution to apply and the conducting polymer that lifts acquisition, and described conducting polymer is polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole and derivative film thereof.
Described metal electrode and reflection horizon 2 are the high infrared reflection rate of 50 nanometers and the metal film of high conductivity for adopting hot evaporation or the standby thickness of ion sputtering legal system, and described metal film is gold, silver and aluminium etc.
Described porous membrane support 3 for thickness be 20 microns, aperture is the polycarbonate membrane of 20 microns, hole wherein passes in and out active photochromic layer for device course of work intermediate ion by migration.
It is by polycarbonate membrane perforated membrane that described absorption has the separate layer 4 of polyelectrolyte, and adsorbs the gel polyelectrolyte being comprised of carbonic allyl ester, polymethylmethacrylate, lithium salts and acetonitrile.In described polyelectrolyte, the mass percent of lithium perchlorate is 4%, and the mass percent of polymethylmethacrylate is 15%, and the mass percent of carbonic allyl ester is 20%, and the mass percent of acetonitrile is 61%.
The metallic film (gold, silver and aluminium etc.) that described metal electrode 6 is thickness 60 nanometers, metal electrode obtains by hot evaporation (aluminium) or the method for ion sputtering (gold or platinum).
Described backing material 7 is polyolefins flexible polymeric film, and to directly take the device that the metallic films such as aluminium foil are electrode, backing material can omit.
Described infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer 8 is comprised of Low Density Polyethylene and other simple polyolefin with low ir-absorbance, and the thickness of thin polymer film is at 20 microns.
The assemble method of the flexible stealthy device of above-mentioned adjustable infrared emittance, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) deposit metal electrodes and infrared reflecting layer 2 in porous membrane support 3.At porous film surface, adopt the method such as hot evaporation or ion sputtering form thickness at the metal level (gold, silver or aluminium) of 50 nanometer thickness as metal electrode, this electrode is simultaneously as the infrared reflecting layer of device.
(2) preparation of active photochromic layer 1.On the metal electrode obtaining in step (1), prepare thickness at 500 nano active photochromic layers 1, photochromic layer can be by lifting in conductive polymer solution or dispersion liquid, or adopt coated with conductive polymer solution and electrochemical polymerization method to prepare on electrode.
(3) absorption has the preparation of the separate layer 4 of polyelectrolyte.After the acetonitrile that the carbonic allyl ester that the polymethylmethacrylate that the lithium perchlorate that is 4% by mass percent, mass percent are 15%, mass percent are 20% and mass percent are 61% mixes, will in filter paper or other porous membrane immersion polyelectrolyte solution, form the separate layer that absorption has polyelectrolyte.
(4) rely on the metal electrode 6 of backing material and the preparation of ion storage layer 5.By methods such as hot evaporation and ion sputterings at the upper metal level that forms high conduction of flexible material (tygon, polypropylene and polyester etc.) as electrode, to take the device that aluminium foil is metal electrode, its backing material can omit.Finally adopt the method similar to step 2 on metal electrode, to prepare thickness and store layer in 500 nanoparticle, ion storage layer can be by electrode is lifted in conductive polymer solution or dispersion liquid, or adopt coated with conductive polymer solution and electrochemical polymerization method to prepare on electrode.
(5) assembling of device and encapsulation.By Fig. 1 order from bottom to up, will respectively be pressed together layer by layer, with absorption have the separate layer of polyelectrolyte will upper and lower two parts (be supported in metal electrode on perforated membrane and variable color active layer and be supported in metal electrode and the ion storage layer on substrate) combine, with thin polymer film, whole device is coated and is sealed after two metal electrodes are drawn respectively to wire.
Embodiment 2:
Figure 1 shows that the structural representation of the flexible stealthy device of adjustable infrared emittance provided by the invention, comprise eight layers of sandwich structure, each comprising in Fig. 1 layer is respectively infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer 8 from top to bottom, active photochromic layer 1, metal electrode and reflection horizon 2, porous membrane support 3, absorption has the separate layer 4 of polyelectrolyte, ion storage layer 5, metal electrode 6, backing material 7 and infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer 8, wherein absorption has the separate layer 4 of polyelectrolyte that two parts up and down of device are bonded together, device assembling adopts the mode of layer assembly from bottom to up, resulting devices has flexible, the feature of lamellar structure.0.9 millimeter of the thickness size of device, 0.18 millimeter of the gross thickness of each functional layer.This device to the modulation capability of infrared reflectivity and emissivity, can reach 53%, its pliable and tough mechanical property can further be expanded its practical field.
Described active photochromic layer 1 and ion storage layer 5 are for adopting electrochemical polymerization or solution to apply and the conducting polymer that lifts acquisition, and described conducting polymer is poly-(3,4-Ethylenedioxy Thiophene)-poly-(styrene sulfonic acid) and derivative film thereof.
Described metal electrode and reflection horizon 2 are the high infrared reflection rate of 200 nanometers and the metal film of high conductivity for adopting hot evaporation or the standby thickness of ion sputtering legal system, and described metal film is gold, silver and aluminium etc.
Described porous membrane support 3 for thickness be 50 microns, aperture is the polyimide film of 20 microns, hole wherein passes in and out active photochromic layer for device course of work intermediate ion by migration.
It is by perforated membranes such as polycarbonate membrane, polyvinylidene chlorida film, polyimide film and filter paper that described absorption has the separate layer 4 of polyelectrolyte, and adsorbs the gel polyelectrolyte being comprised of carbonic allyl ester, polymethylmethacrylate, lithium salts and acetonitrile.In described polyelectrolyte, the mass percent of lithium perchlorate is 2%, and the mass percent of polymethylmethacrylate is 10%, and the mass percent of carbonic allyl ester is 10%, and the mass percent of acetonitrile is 78%.
The metallic film (gold, silver and aluminium etc.) that described metal electrode 6 is thickness 55 nanometers, metal electrode obtains by hot evaporation (aluminium) or the method for ion sputtering (gold or platinum).
Described backing material 7 is polyolefins flexible polymeric film, and to directly take the device that the metallic films such as aluminium foil are electrode, backing material can omit.
Described infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer 8 is comprised of Low Density Polyethylene and other simple polyolefin with low ir-absorbance, and the thickness of thin polymer film is 20 microns of left and right.
The assemble method of the flexible stealthy device of above-mentioned adjustable infrared emittance, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) deposit metal electrodes and infrared reflecting layer 2 in porous membrane support 3.At porous film surface, adopt the method such as hot evaporation or ion sputtering form thickness at the metal level (gold, silver or aluminium) of 100 nanometer thickness as metal electrode, this electrode is simultaneously as the infrared reflecting layer of device.
(2) preparation of active photochromic layer 1.On the metal electrode obtaining in step (1), prepare thickness at 500 nanometers to 2 micron active photochromic layer 1, photochromic layer can be by lifting in conductive polymer solution or dispersion liquid, or adopt coated with conductive polymer solution and electrochemical polymerization method to prepare on electrode.
(3) absorption has the preparation of the separate layer 4 of polyelectrolyte.The polymethylmethacrylate that the lithium perchlorate that is 2% by mass percent, mass percent are 10%, the carbonic allyl ester of mass percent 10% and mass percent are after 78% acetonitrile mixes, and will in filter paper or other porous membrane immersion polyelectrolyte solution, form the separate layer that absorption has polyelectrolyte.
(4) rely on the metal electrode 6 of backing material and the preparation of ion storage layer 5.The metal level conducting electricity at the upper formation height of flexible material (tygon, polypropylene and polyester etc.) by methods such as hot evaporation and ion sputterings is as electrode.Finally adopt the method similar to step 2 on metal electrode, to prepare thickness 2 microns of ion storage layer, ion storage layer can be by electrode is lifted in conductive polymer solution or dispersion liquid, or adopt coated with conductive polymer solution and electrochemical polymerization method to prepare on electrode.
(5) assembling of device and encapsulation.By Fig. 1 order from bottom to up, will respectively be pressed together layer by layer, with absorption have the separate layer of polyelectrolyte will upper and lower two parts (be supported in metal electrode on perforated membrane and variable color active layer and be supported in metal electrode and the ion storage layer on substrate) combine, with thin polymer film, whole device is coated and is sealed after two metal electrodes are drawn respectively to wire.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the flexible stealthy device of adjustable infrared emittance, it is characterized in that: comprise eight layers of sandwich structure, respectively separate layer, ion storage layer, metal electrode, backing material and the infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer that infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer, active photochromic layer, metal electrode and reflection horizon, porous membrane support, absorption have polyelectrolyte from top to bottom, wherein absorption has the separate layer of polyelectrolyte that two parts up and down of device are bonded together, and device assembling adopts the mode of layer assembly from bottom to up;
Described active photochromic layer and ion storage layer are for adopting electrochemical polymerization or solution to apply and the conducting polymer that lifts acquisition, described conducting polymer is polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, poly-(3,4-Ethylenedioxy Thiophene)-poly-(styrene sulfonic acid) and derivative film thereof;
Described metal electrode and reflection horizon are the high infrared reflection rate of 50～200 nanometers and the metal film of high conductivity for adopting hot evaporation or the standby thickness of ion sputtering legal system, and described metal film is gold, silver and aluminium etc.;
Described porous membrane support is that thickness is 20～50 microns, and aperture is the polycarbonate membrane, polyvinylidene chlorida film, polyimide film of 500 nanometers to 20 micron etc., and hole wherein passes in and out active photochromic layer for device course of work intermediate ion by migration pattern;
It is by perforated membranes such as polycarbonate membrane, polyvinylidene chlorida film, polyimide film and filter paper that described absorption has the separate layer of polyelectrolyte, and adsorbs the gel polyelectrolyte being comprised of carbonic allyl ester, polymethylmethacrylate, lithium salts and acetonitrile; In described polyelectrolyte, the mass percent of lithium perchlorate is 1%～10%, and the mass percent of polymethylmethacrylate is 10%～30%, and the mass percent of carbonic allyl ester is 5%～20%, and the mass percent of acetonitrile is 40%～84%;
Described metal electrode is the metallic film (gold, silver and aluminium etc.) that thickness is greater than 50 nanometers, and metal electrode obtains by hot evaporation (aluminium) or the method for ion sputtering (gold or platinum);
Described backing material is polyolefins flexible polymeric film, to directly take the device that the metallic films such as aluminium foil are electrode, without backing material;
Described infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer is comprised of Low Density Polyethylene and other simple polyolefin with low ir-absorbance, and the thickness of thin polymer film is at 15～25 microns.
2. the flexible stealthy device of adjustable infrared emittance according to claim 1, the assemble method of described device, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) deposit metal electrodes and infrared reflecting layer in porous membrane support: at porous film surface, adopt the method such as hot evaporation or ion sputtering form thickness at the metal level (gold, silver or aluminium) of 50 to 200 nanometer thickness as metal electrode, this electrode is simultaneously as the infrared reflecting layer of device;
(2) preparation of active photochromic layer: prepare thickness on the metal electrode obtaining in step (1) at the active photochromic layer of 500 nanometers to 2 micron, photochromic layer can be by lifting in conductive polymer solution or dispersion liquid, or adopt coated with conductive polymer solution and electrochemical polymerization method to prepare on electrode;
(3) absorption has the preparation of the separate layer of polyelectrolyte: after the acetonitrile that the carbonic allyl ester that the polymethylmethacrylate that the lithium perchlorate that is 1%～10% by mass percent, mass percent are 10%～30%, mass percent are 5%～20% and mass percent are 40%～84% mixes, will in filter paper or other porous membrane immersion polyelectrolyte solution, form the separate layer that absorption has polyelectrolyte;
(4) rely on the metal electrode of backing material and the preparation of ion storage layer: the metal level conducting electricity at the upper formation height of flexible material (tygon, polypropylene and polyester etc.) by methods such as hot evaporation and ion sputterings is as electrode, to take the device that aluminium foil is metal electrode, without backing material; Finally adopt the method similar to step 2 on metal electrode, to prepare thickness in the ion storage layer of 500 nanometers to 2 micron, ion storage layer can be by electrode is lifted in conductive polymer solution or dispersion liquid, or adopt coated with conductive polymer solution and electrochemical polymerization method to prepare on electrode;
(5) assembling of device and encapsulation: order is from bottom to up by infrared transparent polymer encapsulated layer, backing material, metal electrode, ion storage layer, absorption has the separate layer of polyelectrolyte, porous membrane support, metal electrode and reflection horizon, active photochromic layer and infrared transparent polymer encapsulated are pressed together layer by layer, with absorption, there is the separate layer of polyelectrolyte that upper and lower two parts (be supported in metal electrode and the variable color active layer on perforated membrane and be supported in metal electrode and the ion storage layer on substrate) are combined, after two metal electrodes are drawn respectively to wire, with thin polymer film, whole device is coated and is sealed.
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| CN111025812A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-04-17 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Metal electrodeposition-based variable emissivity device and preparation method thereof |
| CN111176047A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-19 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Flexible electrogenerated variable emissivity device and preparation method thereof |
| WO2021139377A1 (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-15 | 苏州苏大维格科技集团股份有限公司 | Flexible electrochromic device and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN111158201A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Color-variable electro-variable emissivity device and preparation method thereof |
| CN114550999A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-27 | 东华大学 | Continuous preparation method of electrochemical infrared regulation fiber with multilayer skin-core structure |
| CN114592225A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for improving infrared emissivity regulation and control capability of polyaniline film by doping rare earth ions |
| CN114592225B (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2023-09-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for improving infrared emissivity regulation and control capability of polyaniline film by doping rare earth ions |
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