CN103695672A - Method for producing ferrochrome employing medium-frequency induction furnace - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing ferrochrome employing a medium-frequency induction furnace. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: A, designing and manufacturing the medium-frequency induction furnace with a furnace liner, the inner layer of which is made of a graphite material; B, loading a furnace charge composed of chromite, coke, silica and dolomite to the furnace, wherein the theoretical requirement of the coke, the silica and the dolomite can be calculated according to the smelting principle of ferrochrome, the coke is added according to 50-70% of calculated amount, the silica and the dolomite are added according to the calculated amount, the requirements of the ingredients of the chromite charged into the furnace are that: more than 36% of Cr2O3, more than 2% of Cr2O3/FeO, less than 0.2% of C, less than 0.07% of P and less than 0.05% of S, and the content of Al2O3 is within the range of 10-15%; C, electrifying to smelt the furnace charge into melt; D, adding 1-3Kg of industrial salt to the melt according to 100Kg of ore, stopping electrifying after five minutes, removing the slag of the upper layer inside the furnace, and then discharging ferrochrome water. The ferrochrome smelted by the medium-frequency induction furnace can completely meet the requirements of the YB/T4154-2006 standard by practice for a plurality of times.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to iron alloy field, be specially a kind of method that replaces mineral hot furnace production ferrochrome with medium-frequency induction furnace.
Two, background technology
Existing high carbon ferro-chrome is all produced by mineral hot furnace, and its technical process is: chromite lump ore+reductive agent+slag charge → mineral hot furnace → high carbon ferro-chrome, or chromite fine ore+reductive agent+slag charge → ball → sintering → mineral hot furnace → high carbon ferro-chrome processed.Low carbon ferrochromium is generally produced with electric arc furnace.
Medium-frequency induction furnace is a kind of supply unit that power frequency 50HZ alternating-current is changed into intermediate frequency (150HZ is above to 2500HZ), three-phase main-frequency alternating-current, after rectification, become direct current, again direct current is become to adjustable electric current of intermediate frequency, supply is by the intermediate frequency exchange current flowing through in electric capacity and ruhmkorff coil, in induction coil, produce highdensity magnetic line of force, and cut the metallic substance holding in induction coil, in metallic substance, produce very large eddy current.Medium-frequency induction furnace is widely used in the melting of non-ferrous metal, mainly be used in the melting of the nonferrous materialss such as the ferrous materials such as melting carbon steel, steel alloy, special steel, cast iron and stainless steel, zinc, also can be used for melting and the intensification of the non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium, insulation, and can and blast furnace carry out duplex operation.
Chinese Patent Application No. a kind of production technique of extra low carbon ferrochromium that has been 200610049958.5 Patent Application Publication, mainly comprises the following steps: 1) raw material pulverizing: block high carbon ferro-chrome is broken into small-particle, and wears into high carbon ferro-chrome powder; 2) feed proportioning enters stove: add oxide compound in high carbon ferro-chrome powder after, fully stir, its mol ratio is carbon: oxide compound=1:1-1.5, puts into the intermediate frequency furnace that can vacuumize smelting; 3) production process: power transmission is heated, temperature is controlled at 1200-1350 degree Celsius left and right, vacuumizes, and in stove, vacuum tightness should, higher than 6 * 10-1pa, when in stove, the combination reaction of material completes substantially, be brought up to temperature in stove more than 1600 ℃; 4) extra low carbon ferrochromium is come out of the stove: when the ferrochrome that reaction finishes is fused into liquid completely, remove negative pressure of vacuum, and tapping casting, the extra low carbon ferrochromium or the carbon content that obtain carbon content and be below 0.15% are the super extra low carbon ferrochromium below 0.03%.
Chinese Patent Application No. be 200710034451.7 Patent Application Publication a kind of production technique of iron alloy with low carbon and chromium, 1) high carbon ferro-chrome is packed in medium-frequency induction furnace, fusing, is warming up to more than 1600 ℃, pours in tank body; 2) tank body is moved into station, blow; 3) take out oxygen rifle, argon oxygen rifle is inserted to tank body liquation liquid level 300-400mm, oxygen flow is 300-500 liter/min, first press argon oxygen than 1:3 blowing 5 minutes, press again argon oxygen than 1:2 blowing 5 minutes, then press argon oxygen than 1:1 blowing 5 minutes, add ferrosilicon simultaneously; 4) tank body is moved in vacuum chamber, at tank base access argon oxygen pipe, be blown into argon oxygen gas mixture, argon flow amount is 150-250 liter/min, and oxygen flow is 40-80 liter/min, and vacuum degree control is at 5-200Pa, and 20-30 minute blows; 5) remove vacuum, tank body is winched to the cast of cast position, finished product.
Chinese Patent Application No. a kind of method of refining ferrochrome that has been 200810031106.2 Patent Application Publication, its technical scheme main points are: take before this high carbon ferro-chrome as raw material, and high carbon ferro-chrome is worn into the powder that granularity is less than 2mm; Then in the powder of high carbon ferro-chrome, add oxide compound, fully stir, the carbon containing in raw material and oxide mol ratio are 1:(1-1.5); Again compound is added in intermittent type industrial microwave oven or continous way industrial microwave oven, the microwave frequency of microwave oven is 300MHz to 300GHz, temperature is controlled at 700 ℃ to 1500 ℃, and the time is 40 minutes to 50 hours, obtains carbon content and be 0.3% to 0.03% low carbon ferrochromium.Also can in insulation, pass into the mixed gas of nitrogen or nitrogen and hydrogen in feed bin, can obtain nitrogen content and be 3% to 8% nitrided ferro-chromium.It is mainly used for producing in the technique of low carbon ferrochromium or nitrided ferro-chromium.
Chinese Patent Application No. has been 201180004528.0 Patent Application Publication for produce the method for high carbon ferro-chrome at ore reduction electric furnace.Problem to be solved relates to dimensionally the production process of unconfined material-the be less than chrome ore of 10mm and the carbon containing reducer that piece size is less than 5mm.In order to address this problem, by unadjusted chrome ore batch of material (particle diameter is 0-10mm) with carbon containing reducer (particle is less than 5mm) with 1:(0.3-0.5) ratio mix.Wetting this mixture is also pressed into briquetting under the pressure of 25-50MPa.Briquetting is packed together with quartzite in electric furnace into the briquetting that ratio is 93.7-96.2wt% and the quartzite of 3.8-6.3wt%.The ore that use contains 44-56wt%Cr2O3 and 4-12wt%SiO2.
But, all have no up to now and adopt the direct melting chromite of medium-frequency induction furnace to produce the bibliographical information of the method for ferrochrome.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, design a kind of method that adopts the direct melting chromite of medium-frequency induction furnace to produce ferrochrome.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Medium-frequency induction furnace is produced a method for ferrochrome, it is characterized in that the step of the method is:
A, design and produce the medium-frequency induction furnace that is formed furnace lining by graphite material layer;
B, in medium-frequency induction furnace, pack the furnace charge being formed by chromite, coke, silica into, wherein coke is reductive agent, silica, rhombspar are residue adjustment materials, according to the smelting principle of chromite, by the composition of chromite and quantity, calculate the quantity of coke, silica and the rhombspar that need to add, coke adds by the 50-70% of calculated amount, and silica and rhombspar add by calculated amount.
C, medium-frequency induction furnace energising are fused into melts by furnace charge;
D, in melts, by every 100Kg ore deposit, add Industrial Salt 1-4Kg, after 5 minutes, medium-frequency induction furnace stops energising, and the medium-frequency induction furnace that slowly tilts is removed the slag on upper strata in medium-frequency induction furnace, and then gone out according to a conventional method chromium hot melt.
Further scheme is: chromite can be that fine ore can be also lump ore, and the chemical composition requirement that enters stove chromite is: Cr2O3 > 37%, Cr2O3/FeO > 2, C < 0.2%
P＜0.07％、S＜0.05％。The content of Al2O3 is within the scope of 10-15%.
Further scheme is: the power of medium-frequency induction furnace must be greater than 1000KW, and this just has industrial realistic meaning.
Practice shows, mainly rising slag operation of Industrial Salt in the present invention,
Method of the present invention also can be for ferromanganese smelting ore deposit.
Major advantage of the present invention and effect are: equal-wattage, and the investment of intermediate frequency furnace can be higher than 50% of mineral hot furnace; This invented technology economization ball processed and the sintering circuit of fine ore; During mine heat furnace smelting, the rate of recovery of Cr is not generally higher than 93%; Practice shows, while smelting with this medium-frequency induction furnace, the rate of recovery of Cr can reach 97%; During mine heat furnace smelting, burner hearth has naked light and a small amount of flue dust; While smelting with this medium-frequency induction furnace, both also smoke dust, very environmental protection of the flames of anger.
China YB/T4154---2006 standard regulation: the chemical composition of each trade mark ferrochrome is (I group/II group): C≤6-10%, Cr >=60/52%, Si≤3/5%, P≤0.03/0.06%, S≤0.04/0.06%.
Contriver is through repeatedly practice, and when this medium-frequency induction furnace that is 1200KW with power is smelted, the chemical composition of the ferrochrome of institute's output can reach the requirement of YB/T4154-2006 standard (I group).
Four, embodiment
Provide specific embodiments of the invention below, but enforcement of the present invention is not limited to the following example.
Example 1:
The furnace lining inwall of A, the medium-frequency induction furnace that is 1200KW at existing power, the thicker graphite material layer of lining cutting 40mm is made liner;
B, in this medium-frequency induction furnace, pack chromite fine ore 450kg into, the chemical composition of chromite is by mass percentage: Cr2O3 content 37.1%, FeO content 10.7%, Al2O3 content 14.3%, MgO content 12.8%, SiO2 content 16.3%, CaO content 1.1%, P content 0.07%, S content 0.04%, all the other are moisture and impurity.
According to the composition of chromite and quantity, calculate the amount of coke, silica and the rhombspar that need to add:
Cr quantity: 450X37.1%X104/152=114.22 (Kg) in ore deposit
Fe quantity: 450X10.7%X56/72=37.45 (Kg) in ore deposit
SiO2 quantity: 450X16.3%=73.35 (kg) in ore deposit
MgO quantity: 450X12.8%=57.6 (Kg) in ore deposit
Al2O3 quantity: 450X14.3%=64.35 (Kg) in ore deposit
The rate of recovery that the rate of recovery of a, coke requirement: Cr is made as 95%, Fe is made as 98%;
The C:Cr2O3+3C=2Cr+3CO of reduction Cr2O3 ↑
3*122*52
X1114.22*95％
X1＝36X114.22*95％/104＝37.56(Kg)
The C:FeO+C=Fe+CO of reduction FeO ↑
1256
X237.45*98％
X2＝12X37.45*98％/56＝7.86(Kg)
The C of reduction SiO2 (product ore deposit consumption is made as 2.3, and the Si content of product is made as 3%):
Si content: 450/2.3X3%=5.87 (Kg) in product
SiO2+2C＝Si+2CO↑
2*1228
X35.87
X3＝24X5.87/28＝5(Kg)
X1+X2+X3＝37.56+7.86+5＝50.42(Kg)
In coke fixation of C by 84%, ash content by 13%, in ash content SiO2 content 50%, need in theory coke quantity to be:
50.42/84％＝60(Kg)
In middle the present invention, because furnace lining is carbon materials, therefore, by 70% of theoretical add-on, add, i.e. the actual amount of coke that adds: 60X70%=42 (Kg)
B, slag charge add-on:
MgO/Al2O3 calculates by 1.2;
The requirement of MgO is: 1.2X64.35=77.22 (Kg)
Existing 57.6Kg in ore deposit, the MgO that need to add is: 77.22-57.6=19.62 (Kg).
MgO >=20% in rhombspar, the rhombspar that need to add is: 19.62/20%=98 (Kg).
In the ternary slag system of ferrochrome slag, more satisfactory slag consists of: 25%SiO2-29%Al2O3-35%MgO; Calculate thus the requirement of SiO2:
The SiO2 amount needing in slag: 64.35/29%x25%=55.47 (Kg)
The SiO2 amount needing in product: 450/2.3X3%X60/28=12.58 (Kg)
Coke band people's SiO2 amount: 42X13%X50%=2.73 (Kg)
The SiO2 that need to add is: 55.47+12.58-2.73-73.35=-8.03 (Kg)
Calculating shows, in chromite, SiO2 quantity, more than theoretical requirement 8.03Kg, does not need to add silica;
C, this medium-frequency induction furnace energising are fused into melts by furnace charge;
D, in melts, melts adds Industrial Salt 4Kg, and after 5 minutes, medium-frequency induction furnace stops energising, and the medium-frequency induction furnace that slowly tilts is removed the slag on upper strata in medium-frequency induction furnace, and then gone out according to a conventional method chromium hot melt.
By analysis, the quantity 168.3Kg of ferrochrome (product), its chemical composition is: Cr content 65.4%, C content 7.86%, Si content 3.83%, P content 0.03%, S content 0.04%; The rate of recovery of Cr is 96.36%.
Example 2:
The furnace lining inwall of A, the medium-frequency induction furnace that is 1200KW at existing power, the thicker graphite material layer of lining cutting 40mm is made liner;
B, in this medium-frequency induction furnace, pack chromite fine ore 450kg into, chromite composition is by mass percentage: Cr2O3 content 37.1%, FeO content 10.7%, Al2O3 content 14.3%, MgO content 12.8%, SiO2 content 16.3%, CaO content 1.1%, P content 0.07%, S content 0.04%, all the other are moisture and impurity.
According to the composition of chromite and quantity, calculate coke, silica and the rhombspar that need enter;
Cr quantity: 450X37.1%X104/152=114.22 (Kg) in ore deposit
Fe quantity: 450X10.7%X56/72=37.45 (Kg) in ore deposit
SiO2 quantity: 450X16.3%=73.35 (kg) in ore deposit
MgO quantity: 450X12.8%=57.6 (Kg) in ore deposit
Al2O3 quantity: 450X14.3%=64.35 (Kg) in ore deposit
The rate of recovery that the rate of recovery of b, coke requirement: Cr is made as 95%, Fe is made as 98%;
The C:Cr2O3+3C=2Cr+3CO of reduction Cr2O3 ↑
3*122*52
X1114.22*95％
X1＝36X114.22X95％/104＝37.56(Kg)
The C:FeO+C=Fe+CO of reduction FeO ↑
1256
X23745*98％
X2＝12X37.45X98％/56＝7.86(Kg)
The C of reduction SiO2 (product ore deposit consumption is 2.7, and the Si content of product is made as 2%):
Si content: 450/2.7X2%=3.33 (Kg) in product
SiO2+2C＝Si+2CO↑
2*1228
X33.33
X3＝24X3.33/28＝2.85(Kg)
X1+X2+X3＝37.56+7.86+2.85＝48.27(Kg)
In coke fixation of C by 84%, ash content by 13%, in ash content SiO2 content 50%, need in theory coke quantity to be:
48.27/84％＝57.5(Kg)
Last time test was what by 70% of theoretical add-on, to be added, and the C content of product is still up to 7.86%, and therefore, this adds by 60% of theoretical add-on: i.e. the actual amount of coke that adds:
57.5X60％＝34.5(Kg)
B, slag charge add-on:
MgO/Al2O3 calculates by 1.2;
The requirement of MgO is: 1.2X64.35=77.22 (Kg)
Existing 57.6Kg in ore deposit, the MgO that need to add is: 77.22-57.6=19.62 (Kg).
MgO >=20% in rhombspar, the rhombspar that need to add is: 19.62/20%=98 (Kg).
In the ternary slag system of ferrochrome slag, more satisfactory slag unit consists of: 25%SiO2-29%Al2O3-35%MgO; Calculate thus the requirement of SiO2:
The SiO2 amount needing in slag: 64.35/29%x25%=55.47 (Kg)
The SiO2 amount needing in product: 450/2.7X2%X60/28=7.14 (Kg)
Coke band people's SiO2 amount: 34.5X13%X50%=2.24 (Kg)
The SiO2 that need to add is: 55.47+7.14-2.24-73.35=-12.98 (Kg)
Calculating shows, chromite SiO2 quantity, more than theoretical requirement 12.98Kg, does not need to add silica;
C, this medium-frequency induction furnace energising are fused into melts by furnace charge;
D, in melts, melts adds Industrial Salt 5Kg, and after 5 minutes, medium-frequency induction furnace stops energising, and the medium-frequency induction furnace that slowly tilts is removed the slag on upper strata in medium-frequency induction furnace, and then gone out according to a conventional method chromium hot melt.
By analysis, the quantity 162.6Kg of ferrochrome (product), its chemical composition is: Cr content 68.2%, C content 5.2%, Si content 2.25%, P content 0.03%, S content 0.04%; The rate of recovery of Cr is 97.1%.
Example 3:
The furnace lining inwall of A, the medium-frequency induction furnace that is 1200KW at existing power, the thicker graphite material layer of lining cutting 35mm is made liner;
B, in this medium-frequency induction furnace, pack chromite lump ore 500kg into, chromite composition is by mass percentage: Cr2O3 content 39..9%, FeO content 13.6%, Al2O3 content 13.9%, MgO content 14.6%, SiO2 content 10.6%, CaO content 0.9%, P content 0.06%, S content 0.05%, all the other are moisture and impurity.
According to the composition of chromite and quantity, calculate coke, silica and the rhombspar that need enter;
Cr quantity: 500X39.9%X104/152=136.5 (Kg) in ore deposit
Fe quantity: 500X13.6%X56/72=52.9 (Kg) in ore deposit
SiO2 quantity: 500X10.6%=53 (kg) in ore deposit
MgO quantity: 500X14.6%=73 (Kg) in ore deposit
Al2O3 quantity: 500X13.9%=69.5 (Kg) in ore deposit
The rate of recovery that the rate of recovery of c, coke requirement: Cr is made as 97%, Fe is made as 98%;
The C:Cr2O3+3C=2Cr+3CO of reduction Cr2O3 ↑
3*122*52
X1136.5*97％
X1＝36X136.5X97％/104＝45.83(Kg)
The C:FeO+C=Fe+CO of reduction FeO ↑
1256
X252.9*98％
X2＝12X52.9X98％/56＝11.11(Kg)
The C of reduction SiO2 (product ore deposit consumption is 2.6, and the Si content of product is made as 2%):
Si content: 500/2.6X2%=3.85 (Kg) in product
SiO2+2C＝Si+2CO↑
2*1228
X33.85
X3＝24X3.85/28＝3.3(Kg)
X1+X2+X3＝45.83+11.11+3.3＝60.24(Kg)
In coke fixation of C by 84%, ash content by 13%, in ash content SiO2 content 50%, need in theory coke quantity to be:
60.24/84％＝71.71(Kg)
According to front twice situation, this adds by 55% of theoretical add-on: i.e. the actual amount of coke that adds:
71.71X55％＝39.44(Kg)
B, slag charge add-on:
MgO/Al2O3 calculates by 1.2;
The requirement of MgO is: 1.2X69.5=83.4 (Kg)
Existing 73Kg in ore deposit, the MgO that need to add is: 83.4-73=10.4 (Kg).
MgO >=20% in rhombspar, the rhombspar that need to add is: 10.4/20%=52 (Kg).
In the ternary slag system of ferrochrome slag, more satisfactory slag consists of: 25%SiO2-29%Al2O3-35%MgO; Calculate thus the requirement of SiO2:
The SiO2:69.5/29%x25%=59.91 needing in slag (Kg)
The SiO2:500/2.6X2%X60/28=8.24 needing in product (Kg)
Coke band people's SiO2:39.44X13%X50%=2.56 (Kg)
The SiO2:59.91+8.24-2.56-53=12.59 that need to add (Kg)
In silica, the content of SiO2 is greater than 97%, therefore, need to add the quantity of silica to be:
12.59/97％＝12.98(Kg)
C, this medium-frequency induction furnace energising are fused into melts by furnace charge;
D, in melts, melts adds 7 kilograms of Industrial Salts, and after 6 minutes, medium-frequency induction furnace stops energising, and the medium-frequency induction furnace that slowly tilts is removed the slag on upper strata in medium-frequency induction furnace, and then gone out according to a conventional method chromium hot melt.
By analysis, the quantity 201.2Kg of ferrochrome (product), its chemical composition is: Cr content 65.9%, C content 5.20%, Si content 2.23%, P content 0.03%, S content 0.04%; The rate of recovery of Cr is 97.1%.
Above-mentioned test shows, the rate of recovery of the inventive method Cr reaches 97%, and ferrochrome quality meets standard-required completely, compares with existing ferrochrome production method, present method process costs is low, low equipment investment, production process environmental protection, and present method has good industrial application value.
Claims (3)
1. medium-frequency induction furnace is produced a method for ferrochrome, it is characterized in that the step of the method is:
A, design and produce the medium-frequency induction furnace that is formed furnace lining by graphite material layer;
B, in medium-frequency induction furnace, pack the furnace charge consisting of chromite, coke, silica into, wherein coke is reductive agent, and silica, rhombspar are residue adjustment materials; According to the composition of chromite and quantity, calculate the quantity of coke, silica and the rhombspar that need to add, coke adds by the 50-70% of calculated amount, silica and rhombspar add by calculated amount, the chemical composition that enters stove chromite require be: Cr2O3 > 37%, Cr203/FeO > 2, C < 0.2%, P < are O.07%, the content of S < 0.05%, Al2O3 is within the scope of 10-15%;
C, medium-frequency induction furnace energising are fused into melts by furnace charge;
D, in melts, by every 100Kg ore deposit, add Industrial Salt 1-3Kg, after 5 minutes, medium-frequency induction furnace stops energising, and the medium-frequency induction furnace that slowly tilts is removed the slag on upper strata in medium-frequency induction furnace, and then gone out according to a conventional method chromium hot melt.
2. medium-frequency induction furnace according to claim 1 is produced the method for ferrochrome, it is characterized in that: chromite is fine ore or lump ore.
3. medium-frequency induction furnace according to claim 1 is produced the method for ferrochrome, it is characterized in that: in the present invention, the power of medium-frequency induction furnace is greater than 1000KW.
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| CN108048730A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-18 | 嘉峪关宏电铁合金有限责任公司 | A kind of method that high silicon and low iron weak magnetic ball milling spits block production high carbon ferro-chrome |
| CN114921648A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-08-19 | 山西太钢万邦炉料有限公司 | Method for producing high-silicon furnace material ferrochrome by submerged arc furnace |
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| CN104561549A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-04-29 | 昆明理工大学 | Distribution method for roasting silica-containing manganese ore of microwave shaft furnace |
| CN105543515A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 宁夏维尔铸造有限责任公司 | Method for smelting ferrochromium alloy by utilizing intermediate frequency furnace |
| CN108048730A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-18 | 嘉峪关宏电铁合金有限责任公司 | A kind of method that high silicon and low iron weak magnetic ball milling spits block production high carbon ferro-chrome |
| CN114921648A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-08-19 | 山西太钢万邦炉料有限公司 | Method for producing high-silicon furnace material ferrochrome by submerged arc furnace |
| CN115522083A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2022-12-27 | 嘉峪关宏电铁合金有限责任公司 | Method for reducing crushing difficulty of high-carbon ferrochrome |
| CN115522083B (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-09-22 | 嘉峪关宏电铁合金有限责任公司 | Method for reducing crushing difficulty of high-carbon ferrochrome |
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