CN103692991B - A kind of buffering energy-absorbing anticollision mechanism having collision compatibility and crossing ability concurrently - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability, which includes a well buffer energy-absorbing frame capable of buffering energy absorbing through elastic deformation, and an auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder capable of buffering energy absorbing through compressed gas , the elastically deformed part of the Jingzi energy-absorbing buffer abuts against the auxiliary energy-absorbing cylinder; The fork-type linkage mechanism is retracted at the rear of the vehicle. Through the elastic deformation of the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame, the compressed gas of the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder further buffers and absorbs energy, improves the effect of buffering energy-absorbing energy, and realizes light weight; Increase the crashworthiness and stability of the Jingzi energy-absorbing frame; the energy-absorbing frame and the auxiliary energy-absorbing cylinder are respectively stacked on the rear of the vehicle through the rake-shaped linkage mechanism and the fork-shaped linkage mechanism, which can also improve the vehicle's stability. Passability and off-road capability.

Description

A buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability

technical field

The invention relates to a buffering energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism, in particular to a buffering energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability.

Background technique

At present, my country's automobile industry is booming, and there are many researches on the frontal, side, and offset collisions of automobiles, but there are few researches on rear-end collisions of automobiles, especially car rear-end collisions with large trucks.

Once a small car rear-ends a large truck, due to structural differences, if no protective measures are installed at the rear of the large truck, it is easy to cause the small car to get directly into the bottom of the large truck, which not only cannot make full use of the long energy-absorbing area at the front of the car. Moreover, the rear-end collision will also cause direct damage to the passenger compartment of the car, causing serious personal injury.

Although the bottoms of many large trucks are equipped with anti-collision and anti-car bottoming baffles, their structural design is not reasonable enough to effectively take into account the two aspects of collision compatibility and large truck passability. A baffle with no change in hardness and a single material can easily cause the initial stress peak of the car collision and the acceleration of the B-pillar to be too large, resulting in excessive damage to the car body and serious injuries to the occupants in low-speed collisions and general rear-end collisions. Moreover, the existing baffle plate installed at the tail of the large truck lacks effective adjustment and retracting devices, which easily affects the passability of the large truck.

Among them, the B-pillar refers to the column between the front seat and the rear seat of the passenger compartment, that is, between the two doors on both sides. Because in general rear-end and frontal collisions, the B-pillar of the car body is not deformed. Therefore, the acceleration of the B-pillar can better reflect the force of the vehicle during the collision. Collision compatibility refers to the comprehensive ability to protect the safety of the occupants in one's own vehicle and the occupants of the crashed vehicle in a vehicle-to-vehicle collision. Passability refers to the ability of a car to pass through various bad roads, roadless areas and various obstacles at a sufficiently high average speed, such as soft ground, rough terrain, steep slopes, side slopes, ditches, steps, bushes, water barriers .

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a buffer energy absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability, which has both collision compatibility and passability.

In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is:

A cushioning energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability, including a well cushion energy-absorbing frame that can cushion energy through elastic deformation, and an auxiliary cushion energy-absorbing cylinder that can cushion energy through compressed gas. The elastic deformation part of the buffer energy-absorbing frame abuts on the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder; the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame is equipped with a rake-type linkage mechanism that can be retracted at the rear of the vehicle, and the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder is equipped with a retractable The fork-type linkage mechanism at the rear of the car.

The well buffer energy-absorbing frame includes an outer buffer energy-absorbing layer, a middle buffer energy-absorbing layer and an inner buffer energy-absorbing layer stacked together in sequence; the outer buffer energy-absorbing layer and the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer respectively include a shell and a filling Filling materials in the outer shell; the material stiffness of the outer shell of the outer buffer energy-absorbing layer, the outer shell of the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer and the inner buffer energy-absorbing layer increase in sequence; the filler material of the outer buffer energy-absorbing layer and the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer The strength and hardness of the fillers increase sequentially.

The outer shell of the outer buffer and energy-absorbing layer is made of aluminum shell and/or the filler of the outer buffer and energy-absorbing layer is made of foam.

The shell of the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer is made of an aluminum shell with a honeycomb inner cavity and/or the filler of the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer is made of polyurethane foam.

The inner buffer energy-absorbing layer adopts high-strength steel plate.

The auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder includes a cylinder body, a plug body and a push rod. There is an air hole on the bottom surface of one end of the cylinder body. , the push rod protrudes from the end of the barrel and can abut against the well buffer energy-absorbing frame.

An abutment plate is provided in the middle of the well of the well buffer energy-absorbing frame, and the abutment plate is made of high-strength steel plate and can abut against the end of the push rod.

The rake-type linkage mechanism includes a first side bar, an upper middle bar and a second lower side bar whose ends are hinged together, and the end of the second lower side bar is also hinged upward along the direction of its shaft to a second upper side bar. The above-mentioned hinge point of the upper middle rod is also hinged with the lower middle rod along the length of the rod to form a rake shape, and the end of the lower middle rod is hinged on the well buffer energy-absorbing frame.

The fork-type linkage mechanism includes a lower diagonal strut and an upper vertical strut whose ends are hinged together. The length direction of the rod is also hinged with a lower vertical strut to form a fork, and the end of the lower vertical strut is hinged on the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder.

The surface of the well buffer energy-absorbing frame is coated with a reflective layer.

After adopting the above-mentioned structure, a buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism of the present invention having both collision compatibility and passability has the following beneficial effects:

1. Compared with the existing rectangular and square energy-absorbing frames, the Jingzi energy-absorbing frame is lighter and more material-saving, which better meets the needs of lightweight design of automobiles. Firstly, the energy is buffered and absorbed through the elastic deformation of the Jingzi buffer and energy-absorbing frame, and secondly, the compressed gas of the auxiliary buffer and energy-absorbing cylinder is used to further buffer and absorb energy, which can greatly improve the effect of buffering and energy-absorbing; the auxiliary buffer and energy-absorbing cylinder can resist the well. On the frame, the crashworthiness and stability of the Jingzi energy-absorbing frame can also be increased, which not only protects the safety of the occupants in the own car but also protects the occupants of the vehicle being hit; the Jingzi energy-absorbing frame and the auxiliary energy-absorbing cylinder pass through the The rake-type link mechanism and the fork-type link mechanism are folded and stacked at the rear of the car, which can also improve the passability and off-road performance of the car.

2. The Jingzi energy-absorbing buffer frame adopts three layers of outer buffer energy-absorbing layer, middle buffer energy-absorbing layer and inner buffer energy-absorbing layer. These three layers are made of different materials and rigidity materials, and the filling of two layers The material is also made of different materials, which can not only achieve the characteristics of energy absorption step by step, but also effectively prevent rear-end collisions and prevent cars from drilling into the energy-absorbing protection device at the bottom.

Three, because the push rod of the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder abuts against the abutment plate in the middle of the well of the well buffer energy-absorbing frame, so the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder can also increase the crashworthiness and stability of the well child buffer energy-absorbing frame.

4. The Jingzi energy-absorbing frame is assembled at the rear of the car through a rake-type linkage mechanism. When the car encounters obstacles on the ground during driving, the energy-absorbing frame can follow the first side rod, upper middle rod, The hinge point of the second upper side bar and the second lower side bar swings backward together. When bypassing obstacles, the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame can return to a stable initial position under the action of its own weight. In the case of very unsatisfactory road conditions, the height and position of the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame can be adjusted separately, and the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame can be folded so that it is placed roughly horizontally, thereby enhancing the passability and cross-country performance of the cart .

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a buffering energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism having both collision compatibility and passability of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the well sub buffer energy-absorbing frame among the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the inner buffer energy-absorbing layer in the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder in the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a buffering energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism of the present invention having both collision compatibility and passability assembled at the rear of the vehicle in a working state;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cushioning energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism of the present invention, which is assembled at the rear of the vehicle and has both collision compatibility and passability, in a folded state.

In the picture:

Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 outer buffer energy-absorbing layer 11

Shell 111 filler 112

Middle buffer energy-absorbing layer 12 shell 121

Buffer energy-absorbing layer 13 in filler 122

Abutment plate 14 bolt 15

Rake type linkage mechanism 2 first side rod 21

Upper middle pole 22 second lower side pole 23

Lower middle pole 24 second upper side pole 25

Auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder 3 barrel 31

Air hole 311 plug body 32

Push rod 33 Fork linkage 4

Lower inclined strut 41 Upper vertical strut 42

Lower vertical strut 43 Upper oblique strut 44

detailed description

In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific examples.

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism of the present invention, which has both collision compatibility and passability, includes a well buffer energy-absorbing frame 1, a rake-type linkage mechanism 2, and an auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder 3 And fork linkage 4.

Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 includes outer buffer energy-absorbing layer 11, middle buffer energy-absorbing layer 12 and inner buffer energy-absorbing layer 13 stacked together in sequence, outer buffer energy-absorbing layer 11, middle buffer energy-absorbing layer 12 and inner buffer energy-absorbing layer The energy-absorbing layer 13 is fastened together by bolts 15 and nuts passing through it. The outer buffer and energy-absorbing layer 11 and the middle buffer and energy-absorbing layer 12 respectively adopt a sandwich structure, and the outer buffer and energy-absorbing layer 11 and the middle buffer and energy-absorbing layer 12 respectively include shells 111 and 121 and fillers filled in the shells 111 and 121 112, 122. The material rigidity of the shell 111 of the outer energy-absorbing buffer layer 11, the shell 121 of the energy-absorbing buffer layer 12, and the energy-absorbing inner buffer layer 13 increases sequentially, and the filler material 112 of the energy-absorbing buffer layer 11 and the energy-absorbing layer 12 of the outer buffer energy-absorbing layer 12 increase in rigidity. The strength and hardness of the filler 122 increase sequentially.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shell 111 of the outer buffer and energy-absorbing layer 11 is made of an aluminum shell, and the filler 112 of the outer buffer and energy-absorbing layer 11 is made of foam. The shell 121 of the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer 12 is made of an aluminum shell with a honeycomb cavity, and the filler 122 in the honeycomb cavity is made of polyurethane foam. The inner buffer and energy-absorbing layer 13 is made of high-strength steel plates, generally referring to steel plates with a yield strength above 550Mpa, such as Trip800, DP750, DP800, M1000, etc. High-strength steel is currently a widely used material. Compared with traditional iron plates and steel plates, high-strength steel plates are lighter in weight and higher in strength. quantified effect. The outer surface of Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1, especially the outer surface of outer buffer energy-absorbing layer 11, can also smear some fluorescent materials to form a reflective layer on the outer surface, thereby increasing the warning effect to rear vehicles when driving at night, and preventing rear-end collisions.

The rake type link mechanism 2 comprises a first side bar 21, an upper middle bar 22 and a second lower side bar 23 whose ends are hinged together, and the end of the second lower side bar 23 is also hinged upwards along the direction of its shaft with a second side bar. Two upper side bars 25, the above-mentioned hinged point of the upper middle bar 22 are also hinged with the lower middle bar 24 along its bar rectangle so as to form a rake type. The end of the lower middle rod 24 is hinged on the well buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 . A rake-type linkage mechanism 2 is respectively installed at the two ends of the wellhead of the well buffer energy-absorbing frame 1, and the first side rod 21, the upper middle rod 22 and the second lower side rod of the two rake-type linkage mechanisms 2 The end of 23 is assembled in the afterbody of car by the bolt and the nut that suits respectively.

The auxiliary buffer and energy-absorbing cylinder 3 includes a cylinder body 31 , a plug body 32 and a push rod 33 . There is an air hole 311 on the bottom surface of one end of the cylinder body 31, and a plug body 32 is set in the other end of the cylinder body 31 in a sliding and sealed contact manner. The end can be abutted against the well buffer energy-absorbing frame 1. Preferably, an abutment plate 14 is provided in the middle of the well in the well buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 , and the abutment plate 14 is also made of high-strength steel plate, and the inner side of the abutment plate 14 can abut against the end of the push rod 33 . In addition, the inner buffer energy-absorbing layer 13 and the abutment plate 14 can also be made into one piece, that is, the middle part of the well of the buffer energy-absorbing layer 13 is not hollowed out, and the abutment plate 14 is formed here.

The fork-shaped link mechanism 4 includes a lower diagonal strut 41 and an upper vertical strut 42 whose ends are hinged together. The lower slanting strut 41 is hinged with the upper slanting strut 44 along the long direction of the bar, and the above-mentioned hinged point of the upper vertical strut 42 is also hinged with the lower vertical strut 43 along the length of the bar to form a fork. The end of 42 is hinged on the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder 3. A hoop or a hoop is arranged outside the cylindrical body 31 of the auxiliary buffer and energy-absorbing cylinder 3 , and the bottom end of the lower vertical strut 43 is hinged on the hoop or hoop.

First, the buffering and energy-absorbing process of the present invention will be described.

The present invention is assembled at the rear of a large truck. When a large truck encounters a slight rear-end collision, since the filler 112 in the outer buffer energy-absorbing layer 11 of the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 adopts foam, the shell 121 of the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer 12 It has a honeycomb-shaped inner cavity, and the filler 122 of the honeycomb-shaped inner cavity is made of polyurethane foam, so the energy-absorbing materials of the fillers 112 and 122 and the gradient of the honeycomb-shaped inner cavity can be used to effectively reduce the peak initial stress of the collision, without As for causing the rear-end vehicle to generate excessive B-pillar acceleration and cause serious injury to the occupant.

If the rear-end collision is relatively severe, the first side bar 21 of the rake-type linkage mechanism 2 of the Jingzi energy-absorbing frame 1 can be similarly positioned at the "dead point" by itself to enhance the crashworthiness of the energy-absorbing frame 1 of the Jingzi.

If a serious rear-end collision occurs, the collision force will be transmitted layer by layer through the outer buffer energy-absorbing layer 11, the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer 12 and the inner buffer energy-absorbing layer 13 of the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1, and the force will be transmitted to the Jingzi buffer-absorbing layer. On the abutment plate 14 on the last layer of the energy frame 1, the power is transmitted to the push rod 33 of the rear auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder 3 through the abutment plate 14, and the push rod 33 is compressed under the impact force The air or other compressible gas filled in the cylinder body 31 , and part of the compressed air or other compressible gas is discharged from the air hole 311 at the bottom of the cylinder body 31 , so as to achieve the effect of auxiliary energy absorption. In short, in a car-to-car collision, it can protect the safety of the occupants in the own car and the occupants of the hit vehicle, and has high collision compatibility.

Next, the passability of the present invention will be described.

Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 is assembled at the rear of the vehicle through a rake-type linkage mechanism 2. When the vehicle encounters obstacles on the ground during driving, Jingzi energy-absorbing frame 1 can follow the first side rod 21, the upper middle The hinge points of the rod 22, the second upper side rod 25 and the second lower side rod 23 are swung backward together. When bypassing an obstacle, the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 returns to a stable initial position under the action of its own weight. In the case of poor road conditions, the position of the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 can also be adjusted manually, and the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 can also be folded and placed roughly horizontally, thereby increasing the passability of large trucks.

Moreover, the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder 3 can also be operated as above, and the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder 3 can be lifted by manual adjustment, which is simple and easy to operate, avoiding the installation of complex and expensive adjustment devices such as pneumatic adjustment and electric adjustment, and better cost savings , At the same time, it also increases the passability and off-road performance of the large truck.

Since the structure of the rake-type linkage mechanism 2 and the fork-type linkage mechanism 4 are similar, they are all assembled by a plurality of connecting rods through living hinges, and are mainly used to adjust the position of the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 and the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder 3. Location. In the case of poor road conditions, properly adjust the height and position of the Jingzi energy-absorbing frame 1 and the auxiliary energy-absorbing cylinder 3, or fold the energy-absorbing frame 1 and the auxiliary energy-absorbing cylinder 3 , placed approximately horizontally, which can increase the passability of large trucks.

Wherein, the first side bar 21 at the rear of the rake-type link mechanism 2 of the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 is similar to the "dead point" position, which can enhance the crashworthiness and stability of the rake-type link mechanism 2 .

Moreover, since the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame 1 and the rake-type linkage mechanism 2 all have a certain length and width, they can also serve as the side crash barriers of the car at certain moments, which can effectively prevent the car from facing the big truck from the side. Collision and bottoming.

The rake-type linkage mechanism 2 and the fork-type linkage mechanism 4 are respectively assembled at the rear of the vehicle through fasteners such as bolts, and can be freely disassembled; The shell material and internal filling material of each layer of the frame 1 can also be replaced, which can improve the recycling rate and be more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

In a word, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, economy and durability, and convenient disassembly and adjustment. In the case of a rear-end collision of a large truck, it can not only effectively absorb the energy during the collision to ensure the driving stability of the large truck, but also use the gradient of the energy-absorbing material to effectively reduce the peak initial stress and B of the collision of the rear-end vehicle. The acceleration of the column can alleviate the personal injury caused by the excessive impact force, and can further effectively prevent the rear-end vehicle from getting into the bottom of the large truck, so that the compatibility of the collision can be fully exerted, and the life and property safety of the occupants in the rear-end vehicle can be effectively protected.

The above-mentioned embodiments and drawings do not limit the form and style of the product of the present invention, and any appropriate changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art should be considered as not departing from the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cushioning energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability, characterized in that it includes a Jingzi cushioning energy-absorbing frame that can cushion and absorb energy through elastic deformation, and an auxiliary cushion that can cushion and absorb energy through compressed gas The energy-absorbing cylinder, and the elastic deformation part of the Jingzi buffer energy-absorbing frame abuts on the auxiliary buffering energy-absorbing cylinder; the Jingzi buffering energy-absorbing frame is equipped with a rake-type linkage mechanism that can be stored at the rear of the vehicle, and the auxiliary buffering energy-absorbing cylinder It is equipped with a fork-shaped linkage mechanism that can be stored at the rear of the car. 2. A buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability according to claim 1, characterized in that: the well buffer energy-absorbing frame includes outer buffer energy-absorbing layers stacked together in sequence , the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer and the inner buffer energy-absorbing layer; the outer buffer energy-absorbing layer and the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer include the shell and the filler filled in the shell respectively; the shell of the outer buffer energy-absorbing layer, the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer The material rigidity of the outer shell of the layer and the inner buffer energy-absorbing layer increases sequentially; the strength and hardness of the filler of the outer buffer energy-absorbing layer and the filler of the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer increase sequentially. 3. A buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability according to claim 2, characterized in that: the outer shell of the outer buffer energy-absorbing layer adopts an aluminum shell and/or the The filler of the outer buffer and energy-absorbing layer adopts foam. 4. A buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability according to claim 2, characterized in that: the outer shell of the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer is made of aluminum with a honeycomb inner cavity The filling material of the shell and/or the middle buffer energy-absorbing layer is polyurethane foam. 5 . The energy-absorbing buffer and anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability according to claim 2 , wherein the inner buffer and energy-absorbing layer is made of high-strength steel plate. 6. A buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder includes a cylinder body, a plug body and a push rod, and the cylinder body There is an air hole on the bottom surface of one end of the cylinder, and the other end of the cylinder is provided with a plug body in a sliding and sealed contact manner, and a push rod is arranged on the plug body. Buffer energy-absorbing rack. 7. A buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the middle part of the well of the well buffer energy-absorbing frame is provided with an abutment plate, and the abutment plate The high-strength steel plate is adopted and can abut against the end of the push rod. 8. The energy-absorbing and anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rake-type linkage mechanism comprises a first side bar whose ends are hinged together, On the middle rod and the second lower side rod, the end of the second lower side rod is also hinged with the second upper side rod along the direction of its shaft upwards, and the above-mentioned hinge point of the upper middle rod is also hinged with the lower rod along the length of the rod. The middle rod thus forms a rake shape, and the end of the lower middle rod is hinged on the well buffer energy-absorbing frame. 9. A buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fork-shaped linkage mechanism includes a downward diagonal brace whose ends are hinged together and a The upper vertical strut and the lower diagonal strut are hinged with the upper diagonal strut along the length direction of the rod, and the above-mentioned hinge point of the upper vertical strut is also hinged with the lower vertical strut along the length direction of the rod to form a fork shape. The end of the rod is hinged on the auxiliary buffer energy-absorbing cylinder. 10. The energy-absorbing and anti-collision mechanism with both collision compatibility and passability according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer surface of the energy-absorbing frame of the well is coated with a reflective layer.