CN103683313B - A kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter using mixed type power device - Google Patents

A kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter using mixed type power device Download PDF

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CN103683313B
CN103683313B CN201210336793.5A CN201210336793A CN103683313B CN 103683313 B CN103683313 B CN 103683313B CN 201210336793 A CN201210336793 A CN 201210336793A CN 103683313 B CN103683313 B CN 103683313B
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彭刚
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及光伏并网逆变器技术领域。包括由功率电路组成的功率逆变单元和逆变控制单元两部分,功率逆变单元主要包括输入EMI滤波电路、交错并联Boost升压电路、采用混合器件的全桥逆变电路、输出并网滤波电路,逆变控制单元主要包括电网相位检测电路、采样电路、及控制器。本发明采用双级结构,前级采用交错并联Boost升压,减小了电流的波动,降低了输出电压纹波;后级逆变单元采用混合功率器件,有效减小了逆变损耗,提高系统效率。具有结构简单、电路容易控制、方便扩容的特点。

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic grid-connected inverters. It includes two parts, the power inverter unit and the inverter control unit, which are composed of power circuits. The power inverter unit mainly includes input EMI filter circuit, interleaved parallel Boost circuit, full-bridge inverter circuit using hybrid devices, and output grid-connected filter. circuit, the inverter control unit mainly includes a grid phase detection circuit, a sampling circuit, and a controller. The present invention adopts a two-stage structure, and the front stage adopts interleaved parallel Boost to reduce the current fluctuation and output voltage ripple; the rear stage inverter unit adopts a hybrid power device, which effectively reduces the inverter loss and improves the system efficiency. It has the characteristics of simple structure, easy circuit control and convenient capacity expansion.

Description

一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器A photovoltaic inverter using hybrid power devices

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及光伏并网逆变器技术领域,尤其涉及一种采用混合功率器件的光伏并网逆变器。The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic grid-connected inverters, in particular to a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter using hybrid power devices.

背景技术Background technique

随着光伏硅材料提炼技术的进步和成本的不断下降,太阳能并网发电技术得到了快速发展,作为电能转换的关键环节,电力电子变换器对于光伏系统整体性能与可靠性占有举足轻重的地位。在太阳能光伏逆变器的设计中系统效率是重点考虑的因素之一,尽可能小的功率损耗不仅节省能量,还可以降低温升,提高系统可靠性,并使系统更紧凑,从而降低了成本。常规的双级式并网逆变器前级通常采用Boost升压电路,后级采用相同规格功率管的全桥逆变,中间并联大量电解电容进行滤波和储能。但是常规的Boost升压电路输出电流纹波较大,极大地影响了中间电解电容的使用寿命,并且前级电路扩容困难,当通过并联多个功率管进行扩容时容易造成电流波动,降低了系统的可靠性。同时常规的全桥逆变电路四个功率管通常全部采用绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)或场效应晶体管(MOSFET)。当四个功率管通常全部采用IGBT时,由于IGBT开关频率相对于MOSFET低一些,开关速度较慢,谐波较大,并网电流波形较差。而当四个功率管通常全部采用MOSFET时,MOSFET导通损耗大,降低了系统效率,较大功率时系统发热严重。With the advancement of photovoltaic silicon material refining technology and the continuous decline in cost, solar grid-connected power generation technology has developed rapidly. As a key link in electric energy conversion, power electronic converters play a pivotal role in the overall performance and reliability of photovoltaic systems. System efficiency is one of the key considerations in the design of solar photovoltaic inverters. The smallest possible power loss not only saves energy, but also reduces temperature rise, improves system reliability, and makes the system more compact, thereby reducing costs. . The conventional two-stage grid-connected inverter usually adopts a Boost boost circuit in the front stage, and a full-bridge inverter with the same specification power tube in the rear stage, and a large number of electrolytic capacitors are connected in parallel in the middle for filtering and energy storage. However, the output current ripple of the conventional Boost circuit is large, which greatly affects the service life of the intermediate electrolytic capacitor, and it is difficult to expand the capacity of the pre-stage circuit. When expanding the capacity by connecting multiple power tubes in parallel, it is easy to cause current fluctuations and reduce the system reliability. Meanwhile, the four power transistors of the conventional full-bridge inverter circuit usually all use insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) or field effect transistors (MOSFETs). When the four power tubes usually use IGBTs, because the IGBT switching frequency is lower than that of MOSFETs, the switching speed is slow, the harmonics are large, and the grid-connected current waveform is poor. However, when the four power tubes usually use MOSFETs, the conduction loss of the MOSFETs is large, which reduces the system efficiency, and the system generates serious heat when the power is high.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明为避免上述技术存在的不足之处,提供一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器,为实现高可靠、高效率、低成本的中小功率光伏并网逆变系统的设计和控制提供解决方案,其优化的架构和控制方法,可以方便的提高系统可靠性和效率,并提高并网电流的质量。In order to avoid the deficiencies of the above-mentioned technologies, the present invention provides a photovoltaic inverter using a hybrid power device, which provides a high reliability, high efficiency and low cost for the design and control of a small and medium power photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system. The solution, with its optimized architecture and control method, can easily improve system reliability and efficiency, and improve the quality of grid-connected current.

本发明解决技术问题采用如下的技术方案实现:The present invention solves technical problem and adopts following technical scheme to realize:

系统主要由输入EMI滤波电路①、交错并联Boost升压电路②、采用混合器件的全桥逆变电路③、输出并网滤波电路④、电网相位检测电路⑤、采样电路⑥、控制器⑦等部分组成。其连接关系是:光伏电池板组连接经过输入EMI滤波电路①输入到交错并联Boost升压电路②,交错并联Boost升压电路②通过直流母线与采用混合器件的全桥逆变电路③相连,全桥逆变电路③经过输出并网滤波电路④与外部电网相连。控制器⑦通过采样电路⑥和电网相位检测电路⑤分别与交错并联Boost升压电路②和全桥逆变电路③相连同时控制器通过输出PWM和SPWM与交错并联Boost升压电路②和全桥逆变电路③的功率管相连。The system mainly consists of input EMI filter circuit ①, interleaved parallel Boost circuit ②, full-bridge inverter circuit using hybrid devices ③, output grid-connected filter circuit ④, grid phase detection circuit ⑤, sampling circuit ⑥, controller ⑦ and other parts composition. The connection relationship is: the photovoltaic panel group is connected to the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② through the input EMI filter circuit ①, and the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② is connected to the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ using a hybrid device through the DC bus. The bridge inverter circuit ③ is connected to the external power grid through the output grid-connected filter circuit ④. The controller ⑦ is connected to the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② and the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ through the sampling circuit ⑥ and the grid phase detection circuit ⑤, and the controller is connected to the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② and the full-bridge inverter circuit through the output PWM and SPWM. The power tube of the variable circuit ③ is connected.

进一步的,交错并联Boost升压电路②是由两路Boost升压电路并联,每路输出端分别串联一个碳化硅(SIC)二极管(D1和D2),两个MOSFET功率管S1和S2以高频交错导通,通过控制S1和S2的占空比实现最大功率点跟踪控制。Further, the interleaved parallel Boost boost circuit ② is composed of two Boost boost circuits connected in parallel, each output end is respectively connected in series with a silicon carbide (SIC) diode (D1 and D2), and two MOSFET power transistors S1 and S2 are connected in high frequency Interleaved conduction, the maximum power point tracking control is realized by controlling the duty cycle of S1 and S2.

进一步的,全桥逆变电路③四个功率管采用混合型功率器件,上部两个功率管S3和S5为绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT),并且分别反并联一个碳化硅二极管,下部两个功率管S4和S6为场效应晶体管(MOSFET)。Further, the four power tubes of the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ use hybrid power devices, the upper two power tubes S3 and S5 are insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), and a silicon carbide diode is connected in antiparallel respectively, and the lower two power tubes are Power transistors S4 and S6 are field effect transistors (MOSFETs).

进一步的,全桥逆变电路③为单极性正弦波脉宽调制,功率管S3和S5以工频速率互补导通,此工频控制波与外部电网同步,功率管S4和S6受正弦脉宽调制波控制,且调制波与电网同步。Further, the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ is unipolar sine wave pulse width modulation, and the power transistors S3 and S5 are turned on complementary at the power frequency rate. Wide modulation wave control, and the modulation wave is synchronized with the power grid.

进一步的,所述控制器⑦通过采样直流母线电压、电网电压、并网电流、电网频率,及过零检测电路,通过电流环反馈PI控制算法实现以光伏最大功率并网。Further, the controller ⑦ samples the DC bus voltage, grid voltage, grid-connected current, grid frequency, and zero-crossing detection circuit, and implements grid-connection with maximum photovoltaic power through the current loop feedback PI control algorithm.

与现有技术相比,本发明的显著效益体现在:Compared with prior art, remarkable benefit of the present invention is reflected in:

1.前级核心拓扑为两个Boost电路交错并联,能够有效地实现较高功率容量输出,避免了开关管直接并联引起的电流波动,降低了开关管的容量要求,提高了输入电流纹波频率,减小了纹波幅值,有利于滤波电路的设计和减小开关损耗。1. The core topology of the pre-stage is two Boost circuits interleaved in parallel, which can effectively achieve higher power capacity output, avoid the current fluctuation caused by the direct parallel connection of the switch tube, reduce the capacity requirement of the switch tube, and increase the input current ripple frequency , which reduces the ripple amplitude, which is beneficial to the design of the filter circuit and reduces the switching loss.

2.全桥逆变电路的四个功率管采用混合型功率器件,通过上部采用两个IGBT的工频导通有效降低了开关管的导通损耗,发热较小,提高了系统效率。而下部的两个MOSFET以高频正弦脉宽调制工作,谐波小,并网电流波形质量好。2. The four power tubes of the full-bridge inverter circuit adopt hybrid power devices, and the power frequency conduction of two IGBTs on the upper part effectively reduces the conduction loss of the switch tube, generates less heat, and improves the system efficiency. The lower two MOSFETs work with high-frequency sinusoidal pulse width modulation, with small harmonics and good grid-connected current waveform quality.

3.交错并联Boost升压电路输出串联二极管和全桥逆变的IGBT反并联二极管均为碳化硅二极管,利用碳化硅二极管的零反向恢复时间,有效的提高系统效率,降低系统EMI。3. The interleaved parallel Boost circuit output series diodes and the IGBT anti-parallel diodes of the full-bridge inverter are silicon carbide diodes. The zero reverse recovery time of silicon carbide diodes can effectively improve system efficiency and reduce system EMI.

附图说明Description of drawings

此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,并不构成对本发明的不当限定,在附图中:The accompanying drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, constitute a part of the application, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

图1为本发明光伏逆变器原理示意图;Fig. 1 is the principle schematic diagram of the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention;

图2为本发明光伏逆变器主电路结构示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the main circuit of the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention;

图3为本发明光伏逆变器交错并联Boost升压电路控制波形示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the control waveform of the interleaved parallel Boost circuit of the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention;

图4a为本发明光伏逆变器交错并联Boost升压电路开关管S1导通、开关管S2关断工作示意图;Fig. 4a is a working schematic diagram of switching on the switching tube S1 and switching off the switching tube S2 of the interleaved parallel Boost circuit of the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention;

图4b为本发明光伏逆变器交错并联Boost升压电路开关管S1关断、开关管S2关断工作示意图;Fig. 4b is a working schematic diagram of switching off the switching tube S1 and switching off the switching tube S2 of the interleaved parallel boost circuit of the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention;

图4c为本发明光伏逆变器交错并联Boost升压电路开关管S1关断、开关管S2导通工作示意图;Fig. 4c is a working schematic diagram of switching off the switch tube S1 and switching on the switch tube S2 of the interleaved parallel Boost circuit of the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention;

图5为本发明光伏逆变器采用混合功率器件的逆变电路控制波形示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of control waveforms of an inverter circuit using a hybrid power device in a photovoltaic inverter of the present invention;

图6a为本发明光伏逆变器的逆变电路开关管S3和开关管S6关断,开关管S4和开关管S5导通时逆变电路示意图;Figure 6a is a schematic diagram of the inverter circuit when the switching tube S3 and the switching tube S6 of the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention are turned off, and the switching tube S4 and the switching tube S5 are turned on;

图6b为本发明光伏逆变器的逆变电路开关管S3、开关管S4和开关管S6关断,开关管S5导通时逆变电路示意图;Fig. 6b is a schematic diagram of the inverter circuit when the switching tube S3, the switching tube S4 and the switching tube S6 of the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention are turned off, and the switching tube S5 is turned on;

图6c为本发明光伏逆变器的逆变电路开关管S3和开关管S6导通,开关管S4和开关管S5关断时逆变电路示意图;Fig. 6c is a schematic diagram of the inverter circuit when the switching tube S3 and the switching tube S6 of the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention are turned on, and the switching tube S4 and the switching tube S5 are turned off;

图6d为本发明光伏逆变器的逆变电路开关管S3导通,开关管S4、开关管S5和开关管S6关断时逆变电路示意图。Fig. 6d is a schematic diagram of the inverter circuit when the switch tube S3 of the inverter circuit of the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention is turned on, and the switch tube S4, the switch tube S5 and the switch tube S6 are turned off.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面将结合附图以及具体实施例来详细说明本发明,在此本发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, where the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

图1所示实施例提供一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器主要包括:输入EMI滤波电路①、交错并联Boost升压电路②、采用混合器件的全桥逆变电路③、输出并网滤波电路④、电网相位检测电路⑤、采样电路⑥、控制器⑦等部分组成。其连接关系是:光伏电池板组连接经过输入EMI滤波电路①输入到交错并联Boost升压电路②,交错并联Boost升压电路②通过直流母线与采用混合器件的全桥逆变电路③相连,全桥逆变电路③经过输出并网滤波电路④与外部电网相连。控制器⑦通过采样电路⑥和电网相位检测电路⑤分别与交错并联Boost升压电路②和全桥逆变电路③相连,同时控制器通过输出PWM和SPWM与交错并联Boost升压电路②和全桥逆变电路③的功率管相连。The embodiment shown in Figure 1 provides a photovoltaic inverter using hybrid power devices, mainly including: input EMI filter circuit ①, interleaved parallel Boost circuit ②, full-bridge inverter circuit using hybrid devices ③, output grid-connected Filter circuit ④, grid phase detection circuit ⑤, sampling circuit ⑥, controller ⑦ and other parts. The connection relationship is: the photovoltaic panel group is connected to the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② through the input EMI filter circuit ①, and the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② is connected to the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ using a hybrid device through the DC bus. The bridge inverter circuit ③ is connected to the external power grid through the output grid-connected filter circuit ④. The controller ⑦ is connected to the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② and the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ respectively through the sampling circuit ⑥ and the grid phase detection circuit ⑤, and the controller is connected to the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② and the full-bridge inverter through the output PWM and SPWM The power tube of the inverter circuit ③ is connected.

图2所示实施例表明本发明一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器主电路的具体的结构设计和连接:光伏阵列经过输入EMI滤波电路①,将功率输入到交错并联Boost升压电路②,经过交错并联Boost升压电路②升压后产生稳定的高压直流母线,接着输入到采用混合功率器件的全桥逆变电路③,全桥逆变电路③输出经过LC滤波器和EMI滤波电路④与外部电网相连。The embodiment shown in Figure 2 shows the specific structural design and connection of the main circuit of a photovoltaic inverter using a hybrid power device in the present invention: the photovoltaic array passes through the input EMI filter circuit ①, and the power is input to the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ②, after being boosted by the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ②, a stable high-voltage DC bus is generated, and then input to the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ using hybrid power devices, and the output of the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ passes through the LC filter and the EMI filter circuit ④ Connected to the external power grid.

图3所示实施例表明本发明一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器的交错并联Boost升压电路的开关序列:在电感L1和L2电流连续模式下,假设开关管S1和开关管S2占空比小于0.5,在t0~t1阶段,开关管S1导通,开关管S2关断,在t1~t2阶段,开关管S1和开关管S2关断,在t2~t3阶段,开关管S1关断,开关管S2导通,在t3~t4阶段,开关管S1和开关管S2关断。The embodiment shown in Fig. 3 shows the switching sequence of a kind of interleaved parallel Boost booster circuit of the photovoltaic inverter adopting the hybrid power device of the present invention: under the continuous current mode of the inductance L1 and L2, it is assumed that the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S2 The duty cycle is less than 0.5. During the period t 0 ~ t 1 , the switch tube S1 is turned on , and the switch tube S2 is turned off. During the period t 1 ~ t 2 , the switch tube S1 and the switch tube S2 are turned off. stage, the switch tube S1 is turned off, the switch tube S2 is turned on, and in the stage t3 - t4, the switch tube S1 and the switch tube S2 are turned off.

图4a所示实施例表明交错并联Boost升压电路工作在t0~t1阶段,开关管S1导通,开关管S2关断,电感L1中的电流开始上升,电感L2中的电流通过续流二极管D2给电容Co充电,并不断减小。The embodiment shown in Figure 4a shows that the interleaved parallel Boost circuit works in the stage t 0 ~ t 1 , the switch tube S1 is turned on, the switch tube S2 is turned off, the current in the inductor L1 starts to rise, and the current in the inductor L2 passes through the freewheeling Diode D2 charges the capacitor Co and keeps decreasing.

图4b所示实施例表明交错并联Boost升压电路工作在t1~t2阶段和t3~t4阶段,开关管S1和开关管S2都关断,电感L1中的电流通过续流二极管D1及电感L2中的电流通过续流二极管D2给电容Co充电,并都在不断减小。The embodiment shown in Figure 4b shows that the interleaved parallel Boost circuit works in the t 1 ~ t 2 stage and t 3 ~ t 4 stage, the switch tube S1 and the switch tube S2 are both turned off, and the current in the inductor L1 passes through the freewheeling diode D1 And the current in the inductor L2 charges the capacitor Co through the freewheeling diode D2, and both of them are decreasing continuously.

图4c所示实施例表明交错并联Boost升压电路工作在t2~t3阶段,开关管S1关断,开关管S2导通,电感L1中的电流通过续流二极管D1给电容Co充电并不断下降,电感L2中的电流开始上升。The embodiment shown in Figure 4c shows that the interleaved parallel Boost circuit works in the t2 ~ t3 stage, the switch tube S1 is turned off, the switch tube S2 is turned on, and the current in the inductor L1 charges the capacitor Co through the freewheeling diode D1 and continuously , the current in the inductor L2 starts to rise.

图4a、图4b和图4c所示交错并联Boost升压电路工作稳定后,电容Co的电压基本保持稳定,电容Co的作用主要是高频纹波电压进行滤波。After the interleaved parallel Boost circuit shown in Figure 4a, Figure 4b and Figure 4c works stably, the voltage of the capacitor Co remains basically stable, and the role of the capacitor Co is mainly to filter the high-frequency ripple voltage.

图5所示实施例表明本发明一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器的全桥逆变电路的开关序列以及与电网电压电流的关系是:在电网电压的正半周期,绝缘栅双极型晶体管S3和场效应晶体管S6保持关断状态,绝缘栅双极型晶体管S5保持导通状态,场效应晶体管S4以正弦调制波SPWM交替开关,对输入电压进行调制。在电网电压的负半周期,绝缘栅双极型晶体管S5和场效应晶体管S4保持关断状态,绝缘栅双极型晶体管S3保持导通状态,场效应晶体管S6以正弦调制波SPWM交替开关,对输入电压进行调制。The embodiment shown in Fig. 5 shows that the switching sequence of a full-bridge inverter circuit of a photovoltaic inverter using a hybrid power device of the present invention and the relationship with the grid voltage and current are: in the positive half cycle of the grid voltage, the insulation gate double The polar transistor S3 and the field effect transistor S6 are kept in the off state, the insulated gate bipolar transistor S5 is kept in the on state, and the field effect transistor S4 is alternately switched by the sinusoidal modulation wave SPWM to modulate the input voltage. In the negative half cycle of the grid voltage, the IGBT S5 and the field effect transistor S4 remain in the off state, the IGBT S3 remains in the on state, and the field effect transistor S6 switches alternately with the sinusoidal modulation wave SPWM. The input voltage is modulated.

图6a所示实施例表明全桥逆变电路在电网电压的正半周期,开关管S3和开关管S6保持关断状态,开关管S5和开关管S4导通,此时直流母线像电网注入电流。The embodiment shown in Figure 6a shows that the full-bridge inverter circuit is in the positive half cycle of the grid voltage, the switch tube S3 and the switch tube S6 remain in the off state, and the switch tube S5 and the switch tube S4 are turned on. At this time, the DC bus is like a grid injecting current .

图6b所示实施例表明全桥逆变电路在电网电压的正半周期,开关管S3和开关管S6保持关断状态,开关管S5导通,开关管S4关断,此时开关管S5和开关管S3的反并联二极管D3形成回路为电网续流。The embodiment shown in Figure 6b shows that the full-bridge inverter circuit is in the positive half cycle of the grid voltage, the switch tube S3 and the switch tube S6 remain in the off state, the switch tube S5 is turned on, and the switch tube S4 is turned off. At this time, the switch tube S5 and the switch tube S4 are turned off. The anti-parallel diode D3 of the switch tube S3 forms a loop for the freewheeling of the power grid.

图6c所示实施例表明全桥逆变电路在电网电压的负半周期,开关管S4和开关管S5保持关断状态,开关管S3和开关管S6导通,此时直流母线像电网注入电流。The embodiment shown in Figure 6c shows that the full-bridge inverter circuit is in the negative half cycle of the grid voltage, the switch tube S4 and the switch tube S5 remain in the off state, and the switch tube S3 and the switch tube S6 are turned on. At this time, the DC bus is like a grid injecting current .

图6d所示实施例表明全桥逆变电路在电网电压的负半周期,开关管S4和开关管S5保持关断状态,开关管S3导通,开关管S6关断,此时开关管S3和开关管S5的反并联二极管D4形成回路为电网续流。The embodiment shown in Figure 6d shows that the full-bridge inverter circuit is in the negative half cycle of the grid voltage, the switch tube S4 and the switch tube S5 remain in the off state, the switch tube S3 is turned on, and the switch tube S6 is turned off. At this time, the switch tube S3 and the switch tube S6 are turned off. The anti-parallel diode D4 of the switch tube S5 forms a loop for freewheeling of the grid.

整个光伏并网微逆变器装置详细工作原理如下:The detailed working principle of the entire photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverter device is as follows:

太阳能电池板组件经过EMI滤波电路①输入到交错并联Boost升压电路②,通过交错并联Boost升压电路②对从太阳能电池板组件输入的大范围变化的光伏电压进行Boost升压,交错并联Boost升压电路②的两个开关管交替导通,控制方式如图3所示。控制器⑦利用采样电路⑥采样直流母线和光伏输入电压,以及逆变输出电流,通过控制算法来改变图3控制序列的占空比可以达到不同输入输出电压匹配的目的,实现最大功率点跟踪。交错并联Boost升压电路②通过两个续流碳化硅二极管D1和D2、以及储能电容Co向全桥逆变电路③提供稳定的直流母线电压。采用混合功率器件的全桥逆变电路③共有四个开关管S 3、S4、S5和S6,其中上部两个功率管S3和S5为绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT),并且分别反并联一个碳化硅二极管,下部两个功率管S4和S6为场效应晶体管(MOSFET);此全桥逆变电路为单极性正弦波脉宽调制,采用混合功率器件的全桥逆变电路③的控制序列如图5所示,功率管S3和S5以工频速率互补导通,此工频控制波是由控制器⑦通过电网相位检测电路⑤和锁相环控制方法达到与外部电网同步,开关管S4和S6受正弦脉宽调制波控制,并且调制波与电网同步。全桥逆变电路③的输出经过EMI滤波电路(LCL低通滤波)连接到电网。The solar panel components are input to the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② through the EMI filter circuit ①, through the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ②, the photovoltaic voltage input from the solar panel components with a wide range of changes is boosted, and the interleaved parallel Boost is boosted. The two switch tubes of the voltage circuit ② are turned on alternately, and the control method is shown in Figure 3. The controller ⑦ uses the sampling circuit ⑥ to sample the DC bus and photovoltaic input voltage, as well as the inverter output current, and change the duty cycle of the control sequence in Figure 3 through the control algorithm to achieve the purpose of matching different input and output voltages and achieve maximum power point tracking. The interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② provides a stable DC bus voltage to the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ through two freewheeling silicon carbide diodes D1 and D2 and an energy storage capacitor Co. The full-bridge inverter circuit using hybrid power devices ③ has four switching tubes S3, S4, S5 and S6, of which the upper two power tubes S3 and S5 are insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), and one of them is connected in antiparallel Silicon carbide diode, the lower two power transistors S4 and S6 are field effect transistors (MOSFET); this full-bridge inverter circuit is unipolar sine wave pulse width modulation, and the control sequence of the full-bridge inverter circuit using hybrid power devices ③ As shown in Figure 5, the power transistors S3 and S5 are complementary to conduction at the power frequency rate. The power frequency control wave is synchronized with the external power grid by the controller ⑦ through the grid phase detection circuit ⑤ and the phase-locked loop control method. The switch tube S4 And S6 are controlled by sinusoidal pulse width modulation wave, and the modulation wave is synchronized with the grid. The output of the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ is connected to the power grid through an EMI filter circuit (LCL low-pass filter).

控制器⑦通过扰动交错并联Boost升压电路②的两个开关管的控制序列占空比,达到扰动直流母线电压的目的,控制器⑦通过采样电路⑥检测直流母线电压、电网电压和注入电网电流,通过PI控制算法改变全桥逆变电路③中开关管S4和开关管S6的正弦脉宽序列的调制比,同时通过电网相位检测电路⑤和锁相环控制方法,以及上述的调制比产生与电网同步的正弦脉宽控制序列,从而来改变电网注入电流,来稳定直流母线电压扰动。通过采样此时的注入电网电流和太阳能电池组件的输入电压,计算出扰动后的并网功率,与前一次并网功率相比较,确定下一次的扰动方向,从而达到最大功率输出的目的,即完成了太阳能电池组件的最大功率点的跟踪。The controller ⑦ achieves the purpose of disturbing the DC bus voltage by disturbing the duty ratio of the control sequence of the two switching tubes of the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ②, and the controller ⑦ detects the DC bus voltage, the grid voltage and the injected grid current through the sampling circuit ⑥ , change the modulation ratio of the sinusoidal pulse width sequence of the switch tube S4 and the switch tube S6 in the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ through the PI control algorithm, and at the same time through the grid phase detection circuit ⑤ and the phase-locked loop control method, and the above-mentioned modulation ratio generation and Grid synchronous sinusoidal pulse width control sequence to change grid injection current to stabilize DC bus voltage disturbance. By sampling the current injected into the grid and the input voltage of the solar cell module at this time, the grid-connected power after the disturbance is calculated, and compared with the previous grid-connected power, the direction of the next disturbance is determined, so as to achieve the purpose of maximum power output, that is The tracking of the maximum power point of the solar cell module is completed.

本发明与现有技术相比,整体结构灵活紧凑、性能可靠、效率高,前级核心拓扑为两个Boost电路交错并联,能够有效地实现较高功率容量输出,避免了开关管直接并联引起的电流波动,降低了开关管的容量要求,提高了输入电流纹波频率,减小了纹波幅值,有利于滤波电路的设计和减小开关损耗。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has flexible and compact overall structure, reliable performance, and high efficiency. The core topology of the front stage is two Boost circuits interlaced and paralleled, which can effectively realize higher power capacity output and avoid the direct parallel connection of switch tubes. The current fluctuation reduces the capacity requirement of the switch tube, increases the input current ripple frequency, and reduces the ripple amplitude, which is beneficial to the design of the filter circuit and reduces the switching loss.

全桥逆变电路的四个功率管采用混合型功率器件,通过上部采用两个IGBT的工频导通有效降低了开关管的导通损耗,发热较小,提高了系统效率。而下部的两个MOSFET以高频正弦脉宽调制工作,谐波小,并网电流波形质量好。The four power tubes of the full-bridge inverter circuit use hybrid power devices, and the power frequency conduction of two IGBTs on the upper part effectively reduces the conduction loss of the switch tube, generates less heat, and improves the system efficiency. The lower two MOSFETs work with high-frequency sinusoidal pulse width modulation, with small harmonics and good grid-connected current waveform quality.

交错并联Boost升压电路输出串联二极管和全桥逆变的IGBT反并联二极管均为碳化硅二极管,利用碳化硅二极管的零反向恢复时间,有效的提高系统效率,降低系统EMI。The interleaved parallel boost circuit output series diodes and the IGBT anti-parallel diodes of the full-bridge inverter are all silicon carbide diodes. The zero reverse recovery time of silicon carbide diodes is used to effectively improve system efficiency and reduce system EMI.

以上已将本发明做一详细说明,以上所述,仅为本发明之较佳实施例而已,当不能限定本发明实施范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The present invention has been described in detail above. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. When it cannot limit the scope of the present invention, any modifications and equivalent replacements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention or improvements, should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1.一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器,其特征在于,包括:输入EMI滤波电路①、交错并联Boost升压电路②、全桥逆变电路③、输出并网滤波电路④、电网相位检测电路⑤、采样电路⑥和控制器⑦;其连接关系是:光伏电池板组连接经过输入EMI滤波电路①输入到交错并联Boost升压电路②,交错并联Boost升压电路②通过直流母线与采用混合器件的全桥逆变电路③相连,全桥逆变电路③经过输出并网滤波电路④与外部电网相连,控制器⑦通过采样电路⑥和电网相位检测电路⑤分别与交错并联Boost升压电路②和全桥逆变电路③相连,同时控制器通过输出PWM和SPWM与交错并联Boost升压电路②和全桥逆变电路③的功率管相连;所述控制器⑦通过控制算法来改变所述交错并联Boost升压电路的控制序列的占空比,实现最大功率点跟踪;所述控制器⑦通过PI控制算法改变全桥逆变电路③中开关管S4和开关管S6的正弦脉宽序列的调制比。1. A photovoltaic inverter using a hybrid power device, characterized in that it includes: input EMI filter circuit ①, interleaved parallel Boost circuit ②, full-bridge inverter circuit ③, output grid-connected filter circuit ④, power grid Phase detection circuit ⑤, sampling circuit ⑥ and controller ⑦; the connection relationship is: the photovoltaic panel group is connected to the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② through the input EMI filter circuit ①, and the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② passes through the DC bus and The full-bridge inverter circuit ③ using hybrid devices is connected, the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ is connected to the external power grid through the output grid-connected filter circuit ④, and the controller ⑦ is connected to the interleaved parallel Boost through the sampling circuit ⑥ and the grid phase detection circuit ⑤ respectively. The circuit ② is connected with the full-bridge inverter circuit ③, and the controller is connected with the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② and the power tube of the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ through outputting PWM and SPWM; the controller ⑦ changes the The duty cycle of the control sequence of the interleaved parallel Boost circuit is described to realize the maximum power point tracking; the controller ⑦ changes the sinusoidal pulse width sequence of the switching tube S4 and the switching tube S6 in the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ through the PI control algorithm modulation ratio. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器,其特征在于:交错并联Boost升压电路②是由两路Boost升压电路并联,每路输出端分别串联一个碳化硅(SIC)二极管D1和D2,两个MOSFET功率管S1和S2以高频交错导通,通过控制S1和S2的占空比实现最大功率点跟踪控制。2. A photovoltaic inverter using a hybrid power device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the interleaved parallel Boost circuit ② is connected in parallel by two Boost circuits, and each output terminal is connected in series with one Silicon carbide (SIC) diodes D1 and D2, two MOSFET power transistors S1 and S2 are interleaved at high frequency, and the maximum power point tracking control is realized by controlling the duty cycle of S1 and S2. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器,其特征在于:全桥逆变电路③四个功率管采用混合型功率器件,上部两个功率管S3和S5为绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT),并且分别反并联一个碳化硅二极管,下部两个功率管S4和S6为场效应晶体管(MOSFET)。3. A photovoltaic inverter using hybrid power devices according to claim 1, characterized in that: the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ four power tubes adopt hybrid power devices, and the upper two power tubes S3 and S5 It is an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and a silicon carbide diode is connected in antiparallel respectively, and the lower two power transistors S4 and S6 are field effect transistors (MOSFET). 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器,其特征在于:全桥逆变电路③为单极性正弦波脉宽调制,功率管S3和S5以工频速率互补导通,此工频控制波与外部电网同步,功率管S4和S6受正弦脉宽调制波控制,且调制波与电网同步。4. A photovoltaic inverter using a hybrid power device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the full-bridge inverter circuit ③ is a unipolar sine wave pulse width modulation, and the power transistors S3 and S5 operate at power frequency Speed complementary conduction, the power frequency control wave is synchronized with the external power grid, the power transistors S4 and S6 are controlled by the sinusoidal pulse width modulation wave, and the modulated wave is synchronized with the power grid. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用混合型功率器件的光伏逆变器,其特征在于:所述控制器⑦通过采样直流母线电压、电网电压、并网电流、电网频率,及过零检测电路,通过电流环反馈PI控制算法实现以光伏最大功率并网。5. A photovoltaic inverter using a hybrid power device according to claim 1, characterized in that: said controller ⑦ samples DC bus voltage, grid voltage, grid-connected current, grid frequency, and zero-crossing The detection circuit, through the current loop feedback PI control algorithm, realizes grid connection with the maximum photovoltaic power.
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