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Electricity converter steelmaking process
CN103667588B
China
Description
translated from Chinese
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于电炉炼钢技术领域。 The invention belongs to the technical field of electric furnace steelmaking.
背景技术 Background technique
电弧炉是短流程炼钢的重要设备之一，其以电能作为主要能源，使用废钢和生铁等冷料进行冶炼，原料和生产期选择较为灵活、主动；而目前市场形势是废钢价格高涨而铁水相对便宜，使用废钢冶炼电耗较高、冶炼效率低，生产成本居高不下。转炉是长流程炼钢的主要设备，其主要炼钢原料是高炉铁水，吹氧冶炼而无需外加能源；但其产能较大，原料消耗和产量产出甚巨，且必须是连续性生产，需要炼焦、烧结、高炉、精炼和连铸连轧等设备相配合，设备投资较大，一般企业无力承担。上述两种炼钢工艺的炉料选用及冶炼方式单一。 Electric arc furnace is one of the important equipment for short-process steelmaking. It uses electric energy as the main energy source, and uses cold materials such as scrap steel and pig iron for smelting. Relatively cheap, the use of scrap steel smelting has high power consumption, low smelting efficiency, and high production costs. The converter is the main equipment for long-process steelmaking. Its main raw material for steelmaking is molten iron in the blast furnace. Oxygen blowing smelting does not require additional energy; Equipment such as coking, sintering, blast furnace, refining and continuous casting and rolling are coordinated, and the investment in equipment is relatively large, which ordinary enterprises cannot afford. The charge selection and smelting methods of the above two steelmaking processes are single.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种电转炉炼钢工艺，以解决现有技术电弧炉使用废钢冶炼电耗较高、冶炼效率低；转炉必须是连续性生产，需要炼焦、烧结、高炉、精炼和连铸连轧等设备相配合，设备投资较大，上述两种炼钢工艺的炉料选用及冶炼方式单一等问题。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric converter steelmaking process to solve the problem of the high power consumption and low smelting efficiency of scrap steel smelting in the prior art electric arc furnace; Casting and rolling and other equipment are matched, the equipment investment is relatively large, and the furnace material selection and smelting method of the above two steelmaking processes are single and other problems.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是在电弧炉的电炉渣口更换新式氧枪，提高吹氧强度，加大吹氧量，利用高炉铁水代替部分废钢作为主要炼钢原料，既可避免设备巨额投资，又可节约冷料升温熔化所需的电能，提高生产效率，节约生产成本。具体冶炼工艺如下： The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to replace the new oxygen lance at the slag mouth of the electric arc furnace, increase the intensity of oxygen blowing, increase the amount of oxygen blowing, and use blast furnace molten iron to replace part of scrap steel as the main steelmaking raw material, which can avoid equipment Huge investment can also save the electric energy required for the heating and melting of cold material, improve production efficiency and save production cost. The specific smelting process is as follows:
A. 设备和原材料准备阶段：上一炉电炉冶炼结束、出钢完成后，堵出钢口、加引流沙；检查炉衬和出渣口侵蚀情况，需要补炉时及时修补；检查电极是否氧化严重，若严重需及时更换；将冶炼下一炉钢所需的重料、废钢、钢屑、冶金石灰原材料和辅助材料装入料蓝，并提前将铁水备好，待用。 A. Equipment and raw material preparation stage: After the smelting of the previous electric furnace is completed and the steel tapping is completed, the steel outlet is blocked and drainage sand is added; check the corrosion of the furnace lining and slag outlet, and repair it in time when the furnace needs to be repaired; check whether the electrodes are seriously oxidized If it is serious, it needs to be replaced in time; put the heavy materials, scrap steel, steel shavings, metallurgical lime raw materials and auxiliary materials required for smelting the next furnace of steel into the material basket, and prepare the molten iron in advance for use.
B. 一次加料：在加入5t到8t重料，所述的重料为锻件切头、废锻件、废钢锭等；10t到15t轻薄料，所述的轻薄料为废钢、铬钼料；2t到3t的造渣料，所属的造渣料为冶金石灰；然后兑入0t到30t的高炉铁水。 B. One-time feeding: add 5t to 8t of heavy materials, the heavy materials are forging cutting heads, waste forgings, scrap steel ingots, etc.; 3t of slagging material, the slagging material is metallurgical lime; then mixed with 0t to 30t blast furnace molten iron.
C. 送电升温、吹氧助熔：以小电流6KA到10KA，送电启弧，待电弧稳定后加大电流（10KA到20KA），以较高功率升温熔化炉料。采用新式氧枪侧吹氧脱碳，节约电能、提高熔化速度。氧气压力：0.4 MPa – 1.0 MPa，氧气流量：1000 Nm3/h - 1500Nm3/h。 C. Power transmission for temperature rise and oxygen blowing to boost melting: Use a small current of 6KA to 10KA to start the arc, and increase the current (10KA to 20KA) after the arc is stable to heat up and melt the charge with a higher power. A new type of oxygen lance is used for side blowing oxygen decarburization, which saves electric energy and improves the melting speed. Oxygen pressure: 0.4 MPa - 1.0 MPa, oxygen flow: 1000 Nm 3 /h - 1500Nm 3 /h.
D. 二次加料：通电升温30-60min后，加入约5t到15t轻薄料、钢屑、生铁。 D. Secondary feeding: After energizing and heating up for 30-60 minutes, add about 5t to 15t of light and thin materials, steel chips, and pig iron.
E. 继续送电吹氧，使炉料升温熔化；先以小电流送电启弧，待电弧稳定后加大电流并提高吹氧强度；电流为10-20KA、氧气压力为0.4 MPa – 1.0 MPa、氧气流量为1000 Nm3/h - 1500Nm3/h。 E. Continue to send electricity and blow oxygen to make the furnace material heat up and melt; first send electricity with a small current to start the arc, and after the arc is stable, increase the current and increase the intensity of oxygen blowing; the current is 10-20KA, the oxygen pressure is 0.4 MPa – 1.0 MPa, The oxygen flow rate is 1000 Nm 3 /h - 1500Nm 3 /h.
F. 三次加料：经过约20-60min通电升温后，加入4t到12t轻薄料、钢屑、生铁原材料；并加入1t-3t冶金石灰和部分氧化铁。 F. Three feeds: After about 20-60 minutes of power-up and heating, add 4t to 12t of light and thin materials, steel shavings, pig iron raw materials; and add 1t-3t of metallurgical lime and partial iron oxide.
G. 通电升温使炉料熔化。电弧稳定后以大电流送电，使炉料快速熔化，电流为20KA – 30KA。炉料溶化后保持一定的吹氧量，使钢液中的大部分碳氧化为气体，气体搅拌使钢液温度和成分均匀，促使夹杂物上浮。氧气压力：1.0 MPa - 1.4 MPa，氧气流量：1500 Nm3/h - 1700Nm3/h 。 G. Power on and heat up to melt the charge. After the arc is stabilized, power is sent with a large current to melt the charge quickly, and the current is 20KA-30KA. Keep a certain amount of oxygen blowing after the charge is melted, so that most of the carbon in the molten steel is oxidized into gas, and the gas is stirred to make the temperature and composition of the molten steel uniform, and to promote the floating of inclusions. Oxygen pressure: 1.0 MPa - 1.4 MPa, oxygen flow: 1500 Nm 3 /h - 1700Nm 3 /h.
H.放渣、测温、取样。放渣后进行测温和取样分析化学成分，待温度达到1570-1650℃和成分均符合出钢要求时出钢。 H. Slagging, temperature measurement, sampling. After the slag is released, measure the temperature and take samples to analyze the chemical composition. When the temperature reaches 1570-1650°C and the composition meets the requirements for tapping, the steel is tapped.
采用本发明的积极效果是：使炉料选用多样化，冶炼方式多样化，节约了电能，加快了熔化速度，提高了生产效率，节约了生产成本。可以估算，在使用40%左右高炉铁水作为生产原料时，可节约电能60-100kw·h/t钢，冶炼周期可以缩短约20%，节约生产成本200-500元/t钢。这样，在没有投入新设备的条件下，不仅提高了产量，而且节约了成本，取得了非常可观的经济效益。而且在铁水供应紧张或价格上涨时，可以完全以冷料进行冶炼，既不影响生产任务，又可节约生产成本。 The positive effect of adopting the present invention is that: the selection of furnace material is diversified, the smelting method is diversified, electric energy is saved, the melting speed is accelerated, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is saved. It can be estimated that when using about 40% of blast furnace molten iron as raw material for production, 60-100kw h/t of steel energy can be saved, the smelting cycle can be shortened by about 20%, and the production cost can be saved by 200-500 yuan/t of steel. In this way, under the condition of not investing in new equipment, not only the output is increased, but also the cost is saved, and very considerable economic benefits have been achieved. Moreover, when the supply of molten iron is tight or the price rises, it can be completely smelted with cold material, which does not affect the production task and saves production costs.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以添加不同比例的高铁炉水为例。 Take adding different proportions of high iron furnace water as an example.
实施例1 Example 1
完全以冷料进行冶炼时，具体冶炼工艺如下： When smelting with cold material, the specific smelting process is as follows:
A. 设备和原材料准备阶段：上一炉电炉冶炼结束、出钢完成后，堵出钢口、加引流沙；检查炉衬和出渣口侵蚀情况，需要补炉时及时修补；检查电极是否氧化严重，若严重需及时更换；将冶炼下一炉钢所需的重料、废钢、钢屑、冶金石灰原材料和辅助材料装入料蓝，并提前将铁水备好，待用。 A. Equipment and raw material preparation stage: After the smelting of the previous electric furnace is completed and the steel tapping is completed, the steel outlet is blocked and drainage sand is added; the corrosion of the furnace lining and the slag outlet is checked, and timely repair is required when the furnace needs to be repaired; check whether the electrode is seriously oxidized If it is serious, it needs to be replaced in time; put the heavy materials, scrap steel, steel shavings, metallurgical lime raw materials and auxiliary materials required for smelting the next furnace of steel into the material basket, and prepare the molten iron in advance for use.
B.一次加料：在电弧炉中加入7t重料，16t轻薄料废钢，2t冶金石灰和15t生铁。 B. Feeding at one time: Add 7t of heavy material, 16t of light and light scrap steel, 2t of metallurgical lime and 15t of pig iron into the electric arc furnace.
C. 送电升温、吹氧助熔：以小电流8KA启弧（电弧），待电弧稳定后加大电流为20KA。以较高功率升温熔化炉料。采用新式氧枪侧吹氧脱碳，节约电能、提高熔化速度。氧气压力：0.6MPa，氧气流量：1300Nm3/h。 C. Power transmission to raise temperature, oxygen blowing to boost melting: start the arc (arc) with a small current of 8KA, and increase the current to 20KA after the arc is stable. Heat up and melt the charge with higher power. A new type of oxygen lance is used for side blowing oxygen decarburization, which saves electric energy and improves the melting speed. Oxygen pressure: 0.6MPa, oxygen flow: 1300Nm 3 /h.
D. 二次加料：送电1小时后，加入5t生铁和6t轻薄料。 D. Secondary feeding: After 1 hour of power transmission, add 5t of pig iron and 6t of light and thin materials.
E. 继续送电，使炉料升温熔化，吹氧脱除其中的碳和易氧化杂质。电流为20KA、氧气压力为0.7MPa、氧气流量为1200 Nm3/h。 E. Continue to send electricity to heat up and melt the charge, and blow oxygen to remove the carbon and easily oxidizable impurities. The current is 20KA, the oxygen pressure is 0.7MPa, and the oxygen flow rate is 1200 Nm 3 /h.
F. 三次加料：再次送电升温约30min后，加入4t生铁、3t轻薄料、2t冶金石灰和1t氧化铁。 F. Three feeds: After powering on again and heating up for about 30 minutes, add 4t of pig iron, 3t of light and thin material, 2t of metallurgical lime and 1t of iron oxide.
G. 以最大电流快速升温使炉料溶化，并保持一定的吹氧量，使钢液中的大部分碳氧化为气体，气体搅拌使钢液温度和成分均匀，促使夹杂物上浮。氧气压力：1.0 MPa，氧气流量：1500 Nm3/h，电流为30KA。 G. Use the maximum current to rapidly heat up to melt the charge, and maintain a certain amount of oxygen blowing to oxidize most of the carbon in the molten steel into gas. The gas is stirred to make the temperature and composition of the molten steel uniform, and to promote the floating of inclusions. Oxygen pressure: 1.0 MPa, oxygen flow: 1500 Nm3/h, current 30KA.
H. 放渣、测温、取样。炉料完全溶化后放渣，并进行测温和取样分析化学成分，待温度达到1620℃并且成分均符合出钢要求时出钢。 H. Slagging, temperature measurement, sampling. After the furnace charge is completely melted, the slag is released, and the temperature is measured and sampled to analyze the chemical composition. When the temperature reaches 1620°C and the composition meets the requirements for tapping, the steel is tapped.
实施例2 Example 2
兑入约40%高炉铁水时，具体冶炼工艺如下： When about 40% of molten iron is added to the blast furnace, the specific smelting process is as follows:
A. 上一炉电炉冶炼结束、出钢完成后，堵出钢口、加引流沙；检查炉衬和出渣口侵蚀情况，需要补炉时及时修补；检查电极是否氧化严重，若严重需及时更换；将冶炼下一炉钢所需的重料、废钢、钢屑、冶金石灰原材料和辅助材料装入料蓝，并提前将铁水备好，待用。 A. After the smelting and tapping of the previous electric furnace is completed, the steel outlet is blocked and quicksand is added; check the corrosion of the furnace lining and slag outlet, and repair it in time when the furnace needs to be repaired; check whether the electrode is seriously oxidized, and if it is serious, it needs to be replaced in time ; Load the heavy material, steel scrap, steel shavings, metallurgical lime raw materials and auxiliary materials required for smelting the next furnace of steel into the material basket, and prepare the molten iron in advance for use.
B. 一次加料：加入6t重料，12t轻薄料钢屑，1.5t冶金石灰和22t生铁。 B. Feeding at one time: add 6t of heavy material, 12t of light and thin steel scrap, 1.5t of metallurgical lime and 22t of pig iron.
C. 送电升温、吹氧助熔：以小电流8KA启弧（电弧），待电弧稳定后加大电流为18KA。同时使用氧枪吹氧脱碳，节约电能、提高熔化速度。氧气压力：0.9 MPa，氧气流量：1400Nm3/h。 C. Power transmission to raise temperature, oxygen blowing to boost melting: start the arc (arc) with a small current of 8KA, and increase the current to 18KA after the arc is stable. At the same time, use oxygen lance to blow oxygen to decarburize, save electric energy and increase melting speed. Oxygen pressure: 0.9 MPa, oxygen flow: 1400Nm 3 /h.
D. 二次加料：送电约40分钟后，加入8t轻薄料和3t生铁。 D. Secondary feeding: After about 40 minutes of power transmission, add 8t of light and thin material and 3t of pig iron.
E. 继续送电，使炉料升温熔化，吹氧脱除其中的碳和易氧化杂质。电流为20KA、氧气压力为1.0MPa、氧气流量为1500 Nm3/h。 E. Continue to send electricity to heat up and melt the charge, and blow oxygen to remove the carbon and easily oxidizable impurities. The current is 20KA, the oxygen pressure is 1.0MPa, and the oxygen flow rate is 1500 Nm 3 /h.
F.三次加料：再次送电升温约30min后，加入4t轻薄料、2t生铁、2t冶金石灰和1t氧化铁。 F. Three feeds: After powering on again and heating up for about 30 minutes, add 4t of light and thin material, 2t of pig iron, 2t of metallurgical lime and 1t of iron oxide.
G. 以最大电流快速升温使炉料溶化，并保持一定的吹氧量，使钢液中的大部分碳氧化为气体，气体搅拌使钢液温度和成分均匀，促使夹杂物上浮。氧气压力：1.2 MPa，氧气流量：1600 Nm3/h，电流为30KA。 G. Use the maximum current to rapidly heat up to melt the charge, and maintain a certain amount of oxygen blowing to oxidize most of the carbon in the molten steel into gas. The gas is stirred to make the temperature and composition of the molten steel uniform, and to promote the floating of inclusions. Oxygen pressure: 1.2 MPa, oxygen flow: 1600 Nm 3 /h, current 30KA.
放渣、测温、取样。炉料完全溶化后放渣，并进行测温和取样分析化学成分，待温度达到1650℃并且成分均符合出钢要求时出钢。 Slagging, temperature measurement, sampling. After the furnace charge is completely melted, the slag is released, and the temperature is measured and sampled to analyze the chemical composition. When the temperature reaches 1650°C and the composition meets the requirements for tapping, the steel is tapped.