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Three-dimensional floating bed for purification of black and odorous rivers and building method
CN103663712B
China
- Other languages
Chinese - Inventor
叶姜瑜 陈刚才 程士兵 汪泳 李媛 - Current Assignee
- Mulian Environmental Technology Chongqing Co ltd
Description
translated from Chinese
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种对黑臭河流进行净化处理的方法，特别涉及一种用于净化黑臭河流的立体浮床的构筑方法。 The invention relates to a method for purifying black and odorous rivers, in particular to a method for constructing a three-dimensional floating bed for purifying black and odorous rivers.
背景技术 Background technique
随着社会生产的发展，世界各国的河流水质都面临着来自工业、农业、生活等方面的不同程度的污染。河流污染是当前日益受到关注的环境问题之一，由于水体中存在大量污染物，使水体中溶解氧浓度降低甚至为零，导致河水黑臭，鱼虾绝迹。污染的河流不仅失去了资源功能和使用价值，而且严重破坏周围的环境景观，甚至危害到河流居民的健康。目前我国七大江河流域都已经受到不同程度的污染，特别是在全国138个城市河段中，流经繁华区域的绝大部分也受到不同程度的污染，其中低于国家《地面水环境质量标准》中 V 类水体的占38 %。 With the development of social production, the water quality of rivers all over the world is facing different degrees of pollution from industry, agriculture, life and other aspects. River pollution is one of the environmental problems that is currently receiving increasing attention. Due to the presence of a large number of pollutants in the water body, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water body is reduced or even zero, resulting in black and smelly river water and the extinction of fish and shrimp. Polluted rivers not only lose resource function and use value, but also seriously damage the surrounding environmental landscape, and even endanger the health of river residents. At present, the seven major river basins in my country have been polluted to varying degrees, especially among the 138 urban river sections in the country, most of the rivers flowing through the prosperous areas are also polluted to varying degrees, which are lower than the national "surface water environment quality standard". 》In the category V water body accounted for 38%.
如何尽快解决城市河流的黑臭问题已成为城市环境工作的当务之急。随着社会经济的不断发展和城市人口的不断增长，在全球范围内，城市水体污染问题正得到越来越广泛的关注。在我国的大多数城市中，水体的污染状况相当严重，大部分城市河道常年处于黑臭状态。 How to solve the black and odorous problem of urban rivers as soon as possible has become the top priority of urban environmental work. With the continuous development of social economy and the continuous growth of urban population, the problem of urban water pollution is getting more and more attention worldwide. In most cities in our country, the pollution of water bodies is quite serious, and most urban rivers are in a black and smelly state all year round.
目前在黑臭河道治理中主要有：（1）物理法，如引水冲污、底泥清淤、机械充氧等。（2）化学方法，如加入化学药剂等。（3）生物方法，如种植水生植物，投加微生物菌剂等。物理方法和化学方法都存在投资高，容易产生二次污染，且对水体生态环境影响大的特点。因此使用生物方法对黑臭河道进行治理已经成为发展的趋势。 At present, there are mainly: (1) Physical methods, such as water diversion for flushing, sediment dredging, and mechanical oxygenation. (2) Chemical methods, such as adding chemical agents, etc. (3) Biological methods, such as planting aquatic plants, adding microbial agents, etc. Both the physical method and the chemical method have the characteristics of high investment, easy to produce secondary pollution, and have a great impact on the ecological environment of the water body. Therefore, the use of biological methods to control black and odorous rivers has become a development trend.
现有的利用浮床净化污染水体的方法较多。如李先宁等设计的立体型生态浮床，该浮床利用水生植物、水生动物和人工介质进行水质净化，但其缺点在于结构复杂，制作困难。另外，从其他技术大多数采用人工方式将水生植物种植于聚苯乙烯泡沫板或木材制作的框架，利用植物根部的吸收和吸附作用，去除污染水体中的N、P等污染物质。也有在浮床中加入人工填料，利用生物膜净化污染水体。但是，黑臭河流中的溶解氧极低，现有浮床在使用时人工填料上容易附着生长致黑或致臭的厌氧微生物，达不到净化水质的作用。 There are many existing methods for purifying polluted water bodies using floating beds. Such as the three-dimensional ecological floating bed designed by Li Xianning, which utilizes aquatic plants, aquatic animals and artificial media to purify water, but its disadvantage is that the structure is complex and difficult to manufacture. In addition, from other technologies, most of the aquatic plants are artificially planted on polystyrene foam boards or frames made of wood, and the absorption and adsorption of plant roots are used to remove N, P and other pollutants in polluted water. There are also artificial fillers added to the floating bed to use biofilm to purify polluted water. However, the dissolved oxygen in black and odorous rivers is extremely low. When the existing floating beds are in use, the artificial fillers are easy to attach and grow black or odor-causing anaerobic microorganisms, which cannot achieve the effect of purifying water quality.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就在于克服上述缺陷，提供一种适用于黑臭河流水质净化的立体浮床。 The object of the present invention is just to overcome above-mentioned defect, provides a kind of three-dimensional floating bed that is suitable for the water quality purification of black and smelly river.
本发明的技术方案如下： Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种用于黑臭河流净化的立体浮床，所述立体浮床为围栏结构，分为上、中、下三层，分别为上层浮水植物生长区，中层人工介质区及下层人工介质区；上层浮水植物生长区种植根系较发达的水生植物；中层人工介质区是利用盘式填料形成生物膜；下层人工介质区填充经人工挂膜已附着厌氧氨氧化菌的填料。 A three-dimensional floating bed for purification of black and odorous rivers, the three-dimensional floating bed is a fence structure, and is divided into upper, middle and lower layers, which are respectively the upper floating water plant growth area, the middle artificial medium area and the lower artificial medium area; the upper floating water Aquatic plants with well-developed root systems are planted in the plant growth area; the middle artificial medium area uses disc fillers to form biofilms; the lower artificial medium area is filled with fillers that have been attached to anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria through artificial hanging films.
具体地，所述围栏采用PVC管和连接它们的绳索形成矩形框，在矩形框的上端、下端和中间用网状隔片平面隔开，形成的一个具有三层网面的结构。 Specifically, the fence uses PVC pipes and ropes connecting them to form a rectangular frame, and the upper end, lower end and middle of the rectangular frame are separated by mesh spacers to form a structure with three layers of mesh.
进一步，中层人工介质区的生物膜形成是在上层网面下部悬挂一定数量的盘式填料的获得。 Further, the biofilm formation in the middle artificial medium area is obtained by suspending a certain number of disc fillers on the lower part of the upper mesh surface.
较优地，中层人工介质区的盘状填料是按照设计密度插在海绵基质上，所述海绵基质是用绳索固定在上层和中间层网状隔片之间。 Preferably, the disc-shaped packing in the middle layer artificial medium area is inserted on the sponge matrix according to the designed density, and the sponge matrix is fixed between the upper layer and the middle layer mesh spacers with ropes.
更进一步，所述上层的水生植物是种植于于海绵基质中，利用植物的根部输氧，达到对盘状填料上生物膜提供氧气作用，利用水生植物的根部形成的好氧区使中层人工介质选择性生成以好氧微生物为主的生物膜，对黑臭河流中的有机物等污染物质进行分解。 Furthermore, the aquatic plants in the upper layer are planted in the sponge matrix, and the roots of the plants are used to transport oxygen to provide oxygen to the biofilm on the disc-shaped filler, and the aerobic zone formed by the roots of the aquatic plants is used to select the artificial medium in the middle layer. Sexually generate a biofilm dominated by aerobic microorganisms to decompose pollutants such as organic matter in black and odorous rivers.
进一步，下层人工介质区选择用悬浮填料填充的悬浮填料网形成球式悬浮填料，挂钩在下层人工介质区内。 Further, the lower artificial medium area selects a suspended filler net filled with suspended filler to form a spherical suspended filler, which is hooked in the lower artificial medium area.
优选地，使用驯化出的对油脂类废水、医药废水、高氨氮废水或高盐分废水具有强适应性及降解能力的微生物菌剂对下层介质进行挂膜，对不同污染源导致的河流黑臭有针对性地使用不同挂膜微生物。即下层填充经人工挂膜已附着不同厌氧菌的填料，强化厌氧环境中对不同污染物质的去除效果。 Preferably, use domesticated microbial agents that have strong adaptability and degradability to oily wastewater, medical wastewater, high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater or high-salt wastewater to hang film on the lower medium, so as to target river black and odor caused by different pollution sources Different membrane-hanging microorganisms are used selectively. That is, the lower layer is filled with fillers that have been artificially hung with different anaerobic bacteria to strengthen the removal effect of different pollutants in an anaerobic environment.
本发明进一步提出一种用于黑臭河流净化的立体浮床的构筑方法，其步骤如下： The present invention further proposes a method for constructing a three-dimensional floating bed for purification of black and odorous rivers, the steps of which are as follows:
（1）用绳索依次穿过四根PVC管，将PVC管串起组成矩形框； (1) Use ropes to pass through four PVC pipes in sequence, and string the PVC pipes to form a rectangular frame;
（2）用网状隔片在矩形框的上端、下端和中间平面隔开，形成上、中、下三个矩形网面，网面保持适当松弛，程度可视水深及浮水植物种类确定； (2) Separate the upper end, the lower end and the middle plane of the rectangular frame with mesh spacers to form three rectangular mesh surfaces, the upper, middle and lower. The mesh surface should be kept properly slack, and the degree can be determined according to the water depth and the type of floating water plants;
（3）用绳索将海绵基质固定在浮床上层与中层隔片之间，在海绵基质上按照设计密度插入盘状填料，具体长度可视水深及工程要求决定； (3) Fix the sponge matrix between the upper and middle spacers of the floating bed with ropes, and insert disc-shaped fillers on the sponge matrix according to the designed density, and the specific length can be determined according to the water depth and engineering requirements;
（4）将水生植物种植于海绵基质中，利用植物的根部输氧，达到对盘状填料上生物膜进行自然复氧提供氧气的作用； (4) Aquatic plants are planted in the sponge matrix, and the roots of the plants are used to transport oxygen to provide oxygen for the natural reoxygenation of the biofilm on the disc-shaped filler;
（5）将使用针对不同原因造成的黑臭河流有强降解功能的厌氧菌进行挂膜后的悬浮填料装入悬浮填料网中，用挂钩球式悬浮填料固定于下层人工介质区内，在浮床使用阶段定时对下层介质上附着的生物膜进行监测，并及时对悬浮填料进行再挂膜，保持稳定的污染物去除效果。 (5) Put the suspending filler after film-hanging anaerobic bacteria with strong degradation function for black and odorous rivers caused by different reasons into the suspended filler net, and fix it in the artificial medium area of the lower layer with a hook ball suspension filler. During the use stage of the floating bed, the biofilm attached to the lower medium is regularly monitored, and the suspended filler is re-filmed in time to maintain a stable pollutant removal effect.
本发明的优点如下： The advantages of the present invention are as follows:
本发明采用三层结构，上层种植根系较发达的水生植物，中层利用生物膜与上层植物的根区作用联合作用，利用植物产生的氧气对有机物进行分解，下层悬挂尼龙网，根据黑臭河流不同的形成原因填充经人工挂膜已附着经驯化对污染物质有强耐受性和降解能力的厌氧菌。立体浮床可以通过绳子的收放改变其在河道中的位置，利用植物的吸收及填料上挂膜微生物的吸附降解作用去除水体中的氮、磷、颗粒物以及有机物，从而达到净化水体，消除水体黑臭的作用。本发明浮床的制作方法简单方便，成本较低，能快速降解水体中的污染物，消除河道黑臭，恢复水体生态功能，对污染物负荷高的黑臭河流有强化治理的效果。 The invention adopts a three-layer structure, the upper layer is planted with aquatic plants with more developed root systems, the middle layer uses biofilm and the root zone of the upper layer of plants to act together, and uses the oxygen produced by the plants to decompose organic matter, and the lower layer hangs nylon nets, according to different black and smelly rivers The formation reason is filled with the anaerobic bacteria that have been attached to the artificial hanging film and have been domesticated to have strong tolerance and degradation ability to pollutants. The three-dimensional floating bed can change its position in the river by retracting and retracting the rope, and remove nitrogen, phosphorus, particulate matter and organic matter in the water body by using the absorption of plants and the adsorption and degradation of film-hanging microorganisms on the filler, so as to purify the water body and eliminate black water in the water body. Smelly effect. The manufacturing method of the floating bed of the present invention is simple and convenient, has low cost, can quickly degrade pollutants in water bodies, eliminate black and odorous river courses, restore ecological functions of water bodies, and have the effect of strengthening treatment of black and odorous rivers with high pollutant loads.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是立体浮床的结构示意图。 Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a three-dimensional floating bed.
其中：1.PVC管；2.网状隔片；3.水生植物；4.绳索；5.海绵基质；6.盘状填料；7.悬浮填料；8.悬浮填料网。 Among them: 1. PVC pipe; 2. Mesh spacer; 3. Aquatic plants; 4. Rope; 5. Sponge matrix; 6. Disc packing;
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合附图详细说明本发明的结构： The structure of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
参见图1，本发明的立体浮床为围栏结构，分为上、中、下三层；上层种植根系较发达的水生植物3，如芦苇、荷花、菖蒲、香蒲等；中层利用粗糙表面的挂片形成生物膜；下层悬挂尼龙网，填充经人工挂膜已附着厌氧氨氧化菌的填料。上层人工介质采用盘状填料6，下层人工介质为球式悬浮填料。 Referring to Fig. 1, the three-dimensional floating bed of the present invention is a fence structure, which is divided into upper, middle and lower layers; the upper layer is planted with aquatic plants 3 with more developed root systems, such as reeds, lotus flowers, calamus, cattails, etc.; the middle layer utilizes hanging pieces with rough surfaces A biofilm is formed; the lower layer is hung with a nylon net, filled with fillers that have been artificially hung with anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria. The artificial medium in the upper layer adopts disc-shaped packing 6, and the artificial medium in the lower layer is ball-type suspended packing.
具体地，本发明的立体浮床围栏是通过绳索4连接PVC管1形成矩形框，在矩形框的上端、下端和中间用聚乙烯材质的网状隔片2平面隔开，形成的一个具有三层网面的结构。 Specifically, the three-dimensional floating bed fence of the present invention is formed by connecting PVC pipes 1 with ropes 4 to form a rectangular frame, and the upper end, lower end, and middle of the rectangular frame are separated by polyethylene mesh spacers 2, forming a three-layer fence. The structure of the mesh.
中层人工介质区的盘状填料6是按照设计密度插在海绵基质5上，所述海绵基质5是用绳索固定在上层和中间层网状隔片之间。 The disc-shaped filler 6 in the middle layer artificial medium area is inserted on the sponge matrix 5 according to the designed density, and the sponge matrix 5 is fixed between the upper layer and the middle layer mesh spacers with ropes.
上层的水生植物3是种植于于海绵基质5中，利用植物的根部输氧，达到对盘状填料上生物膜提供氧气。 The aquatic plants 3 on the upper layer are planted in the sponge matrix 5, and the roots of the plants are used to supply oxygen to provide oxygen to the biofilm on the disc-shaped filler.
下层人工介质区选择用悬浮填料7填充的悬浮填料网8（尼龙网）形成球式悬浮填料，挂钩在下层人工介质区内。下层人工介质采用人工挂膜的方式富集对污染物质有强化降解的厌氧菌，可定时对填料进行再挂膜，保证污染物的去除效果。球式悬浮填料使用挂钩固定，易于拆卸，便于对填料进行重复挂膜以及在完成河流的阶段治理后进行重复利用。可以采用现已分别驯化出的对油脂类废水、医药废水、高氨氮废水、高盐分废水具有强适应性及降解能力的微生物菌剂对下层介质进行挂膜，对不同污染源导致的河流黑臭有针对性地使用不同挂膜微生物。 In the artificial medium area of the lower layer, the suspended packing net 8 (nylon net) filled with the suspended packing 7 is selected to form a spherical suspended packing, which is hooked in the artificial medium area of the lower layer. The artificial medium in the lower layer adopts the method of artificial film hanging to enrich the anaerobic bacteria that can strengthen the degradation of pollutants, and the filler can be re-filmed at regular intervals to ensure the removal effect of pollutants. The ball-type suspended filler is fixed with a hook and is easy to disassemble, which is convenient for repeated film-hanging of the filler and reuse after the stage treatment of the river is completed. Microbial agents with strong adaptability and degradability to oily wastewater, medical wastewater, high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater, and high-salt wastewater can be used to hang film on the lower medium, which is effective for black and odorous rivers caused by different pollution sources. Targeted use of different film-hanging microorganisms.
本发明由于采用由PVC管及聚乙烯网组成围栏，PVC管可使网浮起并圈住浮水植物不外流。悬浮填料及其上部的浮水植物可以与PVC管和聚乙烯网组成的围栏一起移动，可根据水质和景观的需要共同改变它们在河道中的位置。利用浮水植物的根系形成好氧区，与中层人工介质上形成的好氧生物膜联合作用，去除河流中污染物质。当填料和植物影响河道泄洪功能或者填料出现问题以及生物膜脱落时，只需将围栏直接从河面抬起则填料和植物就可一起运走。 Because the present invention adopts the fence composed of PVC pipes and polyethylene nets, the PVC pipes can make the nets float and encircle the floating plants so as not to flow out. The suspended filler and the floating plants above it can move together with the fence composed of PVC pipes and polyethylene nets, and their positions in the river can be changed together according to the needs of water quality and landscape. The root system of floating plants is used to form an aerobic zone, which works in conjunction with the aerobic biofilm formed on the middle artificial medium to remove pollutants in the river. When the filler and plants affect the flood discharge function of the river, or when there is a problem with the filler and the biofilm falls off, you only need to lift the fence directly from the river surface, and the filler and the plant can be transported away together.
立体浮床的构筑方法是这样的： The construction method of the three-dimensional floating bed is as follows:
首先用绳索4依次穿过四根PVC管1，将管串起组成矩形框。然后使用上、中、下三篇网状隔片2将平面隔开，形成三个矩形网面，网面保持适当松弛，程度可视水深及浮水植物种类确定。然后使用绳索4将海绵基质5固定在网状隔片上，在海绵基质上按照一定的设计密度插入盘状填料6，具体长度可视水深及工程要求决定。将水生植物3的种子放置于海绵基质中，利用植物的根部输氧，达到对盘状填料上生物膜进行自然复氧的作用。最后将使用针对不同原因造成的黑臭河流有强降解功能的厌氧菌进行挂膜后的悬浮填料7装入悬浮填料网8，并使用挂钩将其固定于浮床下层。在浮床使用阶段定时对下层介质上附着的生物膜进行监测，并及时对悬浮填料进行再挂膜，保持稳定的污染物去除效果。 First pass through four PVC pipes 1 successively with rope 4, and the pipes are strung together to form a rectangular frame. Then use the upper, middle and lower three mesh spacers 2 to separate the planes to form three rectangular mesh surfaces. The mesh surfaces remain properly slack, and the degree can be determined according to the depth of water and the species of floating water plants. Then use the rope 4 to fix the sponge matrix 5 on the mesh spacer, insert the disc-shaped filler 6 on the sponge matrix according to a certain design density, and the specific length can be determined according to the water depth and engineering requirements. The seeds of the aquatic plants 3 are placed in the sponge matrix, and the roots of the plants are used to supply oxygen to achieve the effect of natural reoxygenation of the biofilm on the disc-shaped filler. Finally, the suspended filler 7 after film-hanging by anaerobic bacteria with strong degradation function for black and odorous rivers caused by different reasons is loaded into the suspended filler net 8, and fixed on the lower layer of the floating bed with hooks. During the use stage of the floating bed, the biofilm attached to the lower medium is regularly monitored, and the suspended filler is re-filmed in time to maintain a stable pollutant removal effect.