CN103648185A - Sink node of water environment wireless sensing monitoring network - Google Patents
Sink node of water environment wireless sensing monitoring network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种水环境无线传感监测网汇聚节点,包括处理器单元、传感单元、通信单元和能量供应模块。处理器单元包括双微控制器、双存储器和A/D转换部分;双微控制器为ARM架构的K60N512和HCS08架构的MC13211,K60N512用于采集数据及转发数据处理,MC13211用于无线数据通信,这里采用Zigbee协议;双存储器为K60N512和MC13211内部集成FLASH,用于存储数据;A/D转换接收传感单元的数据进行转换。电源模块采用锂电池与太阳能电池双电源为处理器模块和传感器模块、Zigbee无线通信模块供电。本发明具有配置灵活,功耗低,成本低廉等特点,属于无线监测控制领域。
The invention relates to a convergence node of a water environment wireless sensor monitoring network, which includes a processor unit, a sensor unit, a communication unit and an energy supply module. The processor unit includes dual microcontrollers, dual memory and A/D conversion part; the dual microcontrollers are K60N512 of ARM architecture and MC13211 of HCS08 architecture, K60N512 is used for collecting data and forwarding data processing, MC13211 is used for wireless data communication, The Zigbee protocol is used here; the dual memory is K60N512 and MC13211 internally integrated FLASH for storing data; A/D conversion receives the data of the sensing unit for conversion. The power supply module adopts dual power supply of lithium battery and solar battery to supply power for the processor module, sensor module and Zigbee wireless communication module. The invention has the characteristics of flexible configuration, low power consumption, low cost, etc., and belongs to the field of wireless monitoring and control.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种水环境无线传感监测网汇聚节点,属于无线监测控制领域。The invention relates to a convergence node of a water environment wireless sensor monitoring network, which belongs to the field of wireless monitoring and control.
背景技术Background technique
国内关于水质参数采集多采用单一参数的水质分析仪,其价格低、操作简单,不能对水质进行连续监测,劳动强度大,机动性差,数据采集速度慢等问题。无法满足大面积水域,复杂地形水域水质参数监测的需求。因此需要找寻一种新的技术,解决大面积、多水域和复杂地形水环境水质参数监测管理显得尤为必要。In China, water quality analyzers with a single parameter are mostly used in the collection of water quality parameters, which are low in price, simple in operation, unable to continuously monitor water quality, high in labor intensity, poor in mobility, and slow in data collection. It cannot meet the needs of monitoring water quality parameters in large-area waters and waters with complex topography. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new technology, and it is particularly necessary to solve the monitoring and management of water quality parameters in large-area, multi-water and complex terrain water environments.
无线传感器网络作为一项新兴的技术,是由部署在监测区域内大量的廉价节点组成的,通过无线通信方式形成一个多跳的自组网络,协作采集和处理监测区域中的感知对象信息,并发送给观察者。它的出现产生了一种全新的信息获取和处理方式。结合不同的类型的传感器,无线传感器网络在环境监测、军事检查、智能家居、智能交通、工业控制等众多领域有着广阔的应用前景。水环境无线传感监测网是无线传感器网络在在环境监测领域的典型应用。与现有的水环境自动监测系统相比,水环境无线传感监测网具有对生态环境影响小、监测密度高且范围广泛、系统成本低等优点。As an emerging technology, wireless sensor network is composed of a large number of cheap nodes deployed in the monitoring area, forming a multi-hop ad hoc network through wireless communication, cooperatively collecting and processing the sensing object information in the monitoring area, and sent to observers. Its appearance has produced a completely new way of information acquisition and processing. Combining different types of sensors, wireless sensor networks have broad application prospects in many fields such as environmental monitoring, military inspection, smart home, intelligent transportation, and industrial control. Water environment wireless sensor monitoring network is a typical application of wireless sensor network in the field of environmental monitoring. Compared with the existing water environment automatic monitoring system, the water environment wireless sensor monitoring network has the advantages of small impact on the ecological environment, high monitoring density and wide range, and low system cost.
水环境无线传感监测网将大量传感器节点(数量从几百到几千个)抛撒到感兴趣水域,节点通过自组织快速形成一个无线网络。节点包括普通节点、汇聚节点和基站等。汇聚节点既承担信息的采集,也承担收集普通节点发来的信息,并进行转发,涉及到路由选择、拓扑架构等处理。因此,汇聚节点在水环境无线传感监测网中起到关键作用,其性能直接关系到监测网络的稳定。The water environment wireless sensor monitoring network throws a large number of sensor nodes (the number ranges from hundreds to thousands) into the water area of interest, and the nodes quickly form a wireless network through self-organization. Nodes include ordinary nodes, aggregation nodes and base stations. The aggregation node is not only responsible for the collection of information, but also collects the information sent by ordinary nodes and forwards it, which involves processing such as routing selection and topology structure. Therefore, the aggregation node plays a key role in the water environment wireless sensor monitoring network, and its performance is directly related to the stability of the monitoring network.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明目的是提供一种水环境传感监测网汇聚节点。该汇聚节点具有监测范围大,配置灵活,功耗低,对自然环境影响小,成本低廉的特点,可实现对水环境的多点远程多参数实时在线监测,及时发现突发性的水质污染事故,以便相关部门能够及时采取措施,查找污染源头,减小污染对农业用水、畜牧业用水以及人们生活用水的影响,对水环境变化的监控和环境保护具有极大的发展前景和现实意义。In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a water environment sensor monitoring network convergence node. The convergence node has the characteristics of large monitoring range, flexible configuration, low power consumption, little impact on the natural environment, and low cost. It can realize multi-point remote multi-parameter real-time online monitoring of the water environment, and timely discover sudden water pollution accidents. , so that relevant departments can take measures in time to find the source of pollution, reduce the impact of pollution on agricultural water, animal husbandry water and people's domestic water, and have great development prospects and practical significance for the monitoring of water environment changes and environmental protection.
本发明提供了一种基于无线传感器网络的水环境监测网汇聚节点,包括:处理器模块、传感器模块、电源模块、通信模块、存储模块。所有模块均经过防水处理,电源模块为处理器模块和传感器模块、通信模块供电。The invention provides a water environment monitoring network convergence node based on a wireless sensor network, comprising: a processor module, a sensor module, a power supply module, a communication module and a storage module. All modules are waterproofed, and the power module supplies power to the processor module, sensor module, and communication module.
采集电路中传感器预处理电路连接水下的pH传感器、盐度传感器和温度传感器,可采集待监测水域的pH值、盐度值和温度,再将采集的pH信号、盐度信号和水温信号转换为0~5V的电压信号并送至处理器模块。The sensor preprocessing circuit in the acquisition circuit is connected to the pH sensor, salinity sensor and temperature sensor in the water, which can collect the pH value, salinity value and temperature of the water area to be monitored, and then convert the collected pH signal, salinity signal and water temperature signal It is a voltage signal of 0-5V and sent to the processor module.
处理器模块接收传感器发送的电压信号,处理并存储pH信号、盐度信号和水温信号,然后通过通信模块发送至基站。通信模块中的处理器以飞思卡尔公司生产的MC13211芯片为核心,MC13211主要负责节点入网、节点与基站之间的通信,节点间传递水质参数数据。汇聚节点数据量、数据处理能力远大于普通节点,因此,汇聚节点增加独立的数据处理器,即ARM架构的K60N512,实现数据的处理和通信。The processor module receives the voltage signal sent by the sensor, processes and stores the pH signal, salinity signal and water temperature signal, and then sends it to the base station through the communication module. The processor in the communication module takes the MC13211 chip produced by Freescale as the core. MC13211 is mainly responsible for node access, communication between nodes and base stations, and water quality parameter data transmission between nodes. The data volume and data processing capability of the aggregation node are much larger than that of ordinary nodes. Therefore, the aggregation node adds an independent data processor, that is, the K60N512 of the ARM architecture, to realize data processing and communication.
为了扩大汇聚节点的数据存储量,除了依靠微控制器自身集成的Flash容量外,还应该外扩独立的存储空间。采用美国微芯科技公司(Microchip Technology Inc.)生产的电擦写式存储器系列24LC1025芯片。In order to expand the data storage capacity of the aggregation node, in addition to relying on the integrated Flash capacity of the microcontroller itself, an independent storage space should also be expanded. The electric erasable memory series 24LC1025 chip produced by Microchip Technology Inc. is used.
监测节点电源模块包括两部分电源:+3.3V和+5V。其中一部分锂电池输出+12V经过稳压后输出+5V直流电压,给传感器模块、串口模块和存储模块供电。另一部分则通过稳压转换为+3.3V直流电压供电给MC13211最小系统和无线通信模块。为了充分保障监测节点工作的无人值守,采用了锂电池和太阳能电池双电池供电方式,在现有条件下最大限度的提高电池的续航能力,保证节点的生命周期。The monitoring node power supply module includes two parts of power supply: +3.3V and +5V. Some of the lithium batteries output +12V and output +5V DC voltage after voltage stabilization to supply power to the sensor module, serial port module and storage module. The other part is converted into +3.3V DC voltage to supply power to the MC13211 minimum system and wireless communication module through voltage regulation. In order to fully guarantee the unattended operation of the monitoring nodes, a dual-battery power supply mode of lithium batteries and solar batteries is adopted to maximize the battery life under the existing conditions and ensure the life cycle of the nodes.
无线通信模块设计。各监测节点之间通过Zigbee通信协议组网,并与基站连接,通过基站命令控制上传数据。基于IEEE802.15.4/zighee协议的网状结构网络是一种多跳的拓扑结构,可以实现网络各节点之间的点对点传输,这种结构相互连接形成网状,网络非常健壮,容错能力较强,在个别链路和终端节点失效时,会重新选择路径传输,传输距离和可靠性也比其它结构网络强。Wireless communication module design. The monitoring nodes are networked through the Zigbee communication protocol and connected to the base station, and the upload data is controlled by the base station command. The mesh structure network based on the IEEE802.15.4/zighee protocol is a multi-hop topology structure, which can realize point-to-point transmission between nodes in the network. This structure is connected to each other to form a mesh. The network is very robust and has strong fault tolerance. When individual links and terminal nodes fail, the transmission path will be reselected, and the transmission distance and reliability are stronger than other structured networks.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1本发明水环境无线传感监测网汇聚节点的系统结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the convergence node of the water environment wireless sensor monitoring network of the present invention;
图2温度传感器的信号调理电路原理连接图;Fig. 2 The principle connection diagram of the signal conditioning circuit of the temperature sensor;
图3PH传感器的信号调理电路原理连接图;The principle connection diagram of the signal conditioning circuit of Fig. 3PH sensor;
图4盐度传感器的信号调理电路原理连接图;The schematic connection diagram of the signal conditioning circuit of Fig. 4 salinity sensor;
图5微控制器MC13211的最小系统参考电路原理连接图;Fig. 5 The principle connection diagram of the minimum system reference circuit of microcontroller MC13211;
图6发射天线和功放调理电路原理连接图;Fig. 6 Principle connection diagram of transmitting antenna and power amplifier conditioning circuit;
图7电池管理模块电路原理连接图。Figure 7 is the schematic connection diagram of the battery management module circuit.
图8存储模块电路原理连接图。Figure 8 is a schematic connection diagram of the storage module circuit.
图9微控制器K60N512的最小系统参考电路原理连接图。Figure 9 is a schematic connection diagram of the minimum system reference circuit of the microcontroller K60N512.
具体实施方案specific implementation plan
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细的描述:The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
图1是本发明基于无线传感器网络的水环境监测网汇聚节点的系统结构示意图。该节点设备包括传感单元、处理单元、通信单元和能量供给单元。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the convergence node of the water environment monitoring network based on the wireless sensor network in the present invention. The node device includes a sensing unit, a processing unit, a communication unit and an energy supply unit.
(1)传感单元包括传感器和信号调理电路两部分。(1) The sensing unit includes two parts: the sensor and the signal conditioning circuit.
传感器负责采集待监测水域的PH值、盐度值和水温。监测节点安装有pH传感器、盐度传感器和温度传感器,能采集水体的pH值、盐度值和水温,信号调理电路对采集的数据做线性化、温度补偿等处理。The sensor is responsible for collecting the pH value, salinity value and water temperature of the water area to be monitored. The monitoring node is equipped with pH sensors, salinity sensors and temperature sensors, which can collect the pH value, salinity value and water temperature of the water body, and the signal conditioning circuit performs linearization and temperature compensation on the collected data.
从图2TMP获得水温信号,并传送到图5微控制器MC13211的最小系统参考电路原理连接图中的TMP引脚;从图3PH接口获得PH值信号,并传送到图5微控制器MC13211的最小系统参考电路原理连接图中的PH引脚;从图4Salinity接口获得盐度值信号,并传送到图5微控制器MC13211的最小系统参考电路原理连接图中的Salinity引脚。The water temperature signal is obtained from the TMP in Figure 2, and transmitted to the TMP pin in the schematic connection diagram of the minimum system reference circuit of the microcontroller MC13211 in Figure 5; the PH value signal is obtained from the PH interface in Figure 3, and transmitted to the minimum of the microcontroller MC13211 in Figure 5 The PH pin in the principle connection diagram of the system reference circuit; the salinity value signal is obtained from the Salinity interface in Figure 4, and sent to the Salinity pin in the minimum system reference circuit principle connection diagram of the microcontroller MC13211 in Figure 5.
(2)处理单元包括微控制器、存储器和A/D转换器。(2) The processing unit includes microcontroller, memory and A/D converter.
微控制器MC13211负责节点间传送数据,如图5所示;微控制器K60N512负责数据存储和转发,如图9所示。节点采集到并处理后的水质参数,并不是立即上传到基站,因此需要按照一定的存储结构暂存在节点本地。水质参数可以采用定时上传的方式,也可以被动接受上位机指令后,按照上位机的要求上传相应的水质参数历史数据。Microcontroller MC13211 is responsible for transmitting data between nodes, as shown in Figure 5; microcontroller K60N512 is responsible for data storage and forwarding, as shown in Figure 9. The water quality parameters collected and processed by the node are not immediately uploaded to the base station, so they need to be temporarily stored locally on the node according to a certain storage structure. The water quality parameters can be uploaded at regular intervals, or the corresponding historical data of water quality parameters can be uploaded according to the requirements of the host computer after passively accepting the instructions from the host computer.
从图5RxD和TxD接口无线获得其它节点数据,分别传输到图9微控制器K60N512的最小系统参考电路原理连接图中的TxD和RxD引脚。The data of other nodes are wirelessly obtained from the RxD and TxD interfaces in Figure 5, and transmitted to the TxD and RxD pins in the schematic connection diagram of the minimum system reference circuit of the microcontroller K60N512 in Figure 9 respectively.
(3)通信单元包括发射天线和功放调理电路。(3) The communication unit includes a transmitting antenna and a power amplifier conditioning circuit.
监测网络组建基于Zigbee通信的无线通信。监测节点之间通过Zigbee无线通信技术进行数据的传输,采用多跳式传输将采集的水质参数汇集到基站,基站通过GPRS通信将汇聚的参数传输至远端数据中心。发射功率放大电路的作用是将无线收发器输入功率放大以达到期望输出功率。由于数据接收和发送均通过同一个天线电路实现,在天线端加一个射频单刀双掷开关实现数据的收发切换。The monitoring network builds wireless communication based on Zigbee communication. Zigbee wireless communication technology is used for data transmission between monitoring nodes, and multi-hop transmission is used to collect the collected water quality parameters to the base station, and the base station transmits the collected parameters to the remote data center through GPRS communication. The role of the transmission power amplifier circuit is to amplify the input power of the wireless transceiver to achieve the desired output power. Since data reception and transmission are realized through the same antenna circuit, a radio frequency single-pole double-throw switch is added at the antenna end to realize data transmission and reception switching.
从图6中的RFIN_P和RFIN_M接口获得无线通信数据,并分别传送到图5微控制器MC13211的最小系统参考电路原理连接图中的RFIN_P和RFIN_M引脚。Obtain wireless communication data from the RFIN_P and RFIN_M interfaces in Figure 6, and transmit them to the RFIN_P and RFIN_M pins in the schematic connection diagram of the minimum system reference circuit of the microcontroller MC13211 in Figure 5, respectively.
(4)能量模块包括能量供应和能量管理。(4) The energy module includes energy supply and energy management.
考虑到监测节点需要长期部署在水中,经常更换电池不容易实现,而且人工更换电池还会额外耗费人力物力,增加监测成本,也不利于监测的持续性。所以在监测节点的设计中加入能量管理模块,实时监测电池剩余能量,通过采集节点的剩余能量,对节点各模块进行必要的能量分配,以达到延长节点生命周期和连续不间断监测水域的目的。Considering that monitoring nodes need to be deployed in water for a long time, it is not easy to replace batteries frequently, and manual battery replacement will consume extra manpower and material resources, increase monitoring costs, and is not conducive to the continuity of monitoring. Therefore, an energy management module is added to the design of the monitoring node to monitor the remaining energy of the battery in real time. By collecting the remaining energy of the node, the necessary energy distribution is performed on each module of the node to achieve the purpose of extending the life cycle of the node and continuously monitoring the waters.
如图7所示电池管理模块电路原理连接图,它能实时监测锂电池电量,并能实现锂电池饿充放电功能,并为节点提供+5V电压。As shown in Figure 7, the circuit principle connection diagram of the battery management module can monitor the power of the lithium battery in real time, and can realize the charging and discharging function of the lithium battery, and provide +5V voltage for the node.
(5)数据存储管理模块。(5) Data storage management module.
和一般节点相比,汇聚节点的存储能力相对比较强,它连接无线传感器网络与基站相连,把收集的数据转发到基站和外部网络上。因此,汇聚节点在设计上除了要满足终端节点的数据采集、数据处理、无线通信等基本功能以外,还要具有更强的数据存储功能。为了扩大汇聚节点的数据存储量,除了依靠微控制器自身集成的Flash容量外,还需要外扩独立的存储空间。采用电擦写式存储器系列24LC1025芯片,数据存储容量为1024K。该系列器件支持2线串行接口,以8位存储器块进行组合。Compared with ordinary nodes, the storage capacity of the aggregation node is relatively strong. It connects the wireless sensor network to the base station, and forwards the collected data to the base station and external network. Therefore, in addition to meeting the basic functions of terminal nodes such as data collection, data processing, and wireless communication, the design of the aggregation node should also have a stronger data storage function. In order to expand the data storage capacity of the aggregation node, in addition to relying on the integrated Flash capacity of the microcontroller itself, it is also necessary to expand an independent storage space. The electric erasable memory series 24LC1025 chip is used, and the data storage capacity is 1024K. This family of devices supports a 2-wire serial interface, organized in 8-bit memory blocks.
图8中SCL接口时钟下,从SDA接口获得数据,并分别传送到图9微控制器K60N512的最小系统参考电路原理连接图中的SCL和SDA引脚。Under the SCL interface clock in Figure 8, the data is obtained from the SDA interface and sent to the SCL and SDA pins in the schematic connection diagram of the minimum system reference circuit of the microcontroller K60N512 in Figure 9.
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CN108414709A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-08-17 | 昆山奕盛来环境科技有限公司 | A kind of detection device of contaminated wastewater degree |
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