CN103643189B - Tungsten alloy nano material method is prepared in the channel die die cavity hot extrusions such as cruciform - Google Patents
Tungsten alloy nano material method is prepared in the channel die die cavity hot extrusions such as cruciform Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001361 White metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000886 hydrostatic extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了十字形等通道模具型腔热挤压制备钨合金纳米材料方法，本发明的特点是可以对难变形的钨合金进行大的塑性变形，同时通过不断旋转十字形模具，可实现钨合金材料的反复塑性变形，同时通过改变旋转十字形模具的方向，可以实现钨合金剧烈塑性变形的变形均匀程度，最终获得变形累积量大，晶粒尺寸均匀，细化后的纳米晶粒晶界角度大的等轴晶粒，使块体纳米钨合金的力学性能得到进一步提高，保证高密度的前提下兼有高的强度和良好的韧性。
The invention discloses a method for preparing tungsten alloy nanomaterials by hot extrusion of a cross-shaped equal-channel mold cavity. Repeated plastic deformation of the alloy material, and by changing the direction of the rotating cross-shaped mold, the degree of uniformity of the deformation of the severe plastic deformation of the tungsten alloy can be achieved, and finally a large amount of deformation accumulation, uniform grain size, and refined nano-grain grain boundaries can be obtained. Equiaxed crystal grains with large angles further improve the mechanical properties of the bulk nano-tungsten alloy, ensuring high strength and good toughness under the premise of high density.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种制备大块钨合金纳米材料的新方法及模具，尤其是涉及一种十字形模具型腔通道的等通道弯角工艺的连续挤压模具。 The invention relates to a new method and a mold for preparing bulk tungsten alloy nanomaterials, in particular to a continuous extrusion mold with an equal-channel bending process for a cross-shaped mold cavity channel.
背景技术 Background technique
钨是一种钢灰色或银白色金属元素，硬度高，熔点高，主要用途为制造灯丝和高速切削合金钢、超硬模具。钨合金是一类以钨为基（钨的质量分数通常为80％-97%），并添加有Ni、F、Mn、Co、Cu、Mo、Cr等于元素的合金，其密度高达16.5～19.0g/㎝3。同时钨金属常用作穿甲等军事用途。目前钨金属已经在军用穿甲弹弹芯、火箭喷管、穿甲弹触点、发热体和隔热屏等。也在民用客机和直升飞机上使用或试用，主要用于机身框架、襟翼翼肋，垂直安定面、整流罩、进气道唇口、舱门、燃油箱等。随着坦克等装甲材料的不断进步，对作为反坦克武器材料的钨合金的强度提出了更高的要求。 Tungsten is a steel-gray or silver-white metal element with high hardness and high melting point. It is mainly used for manufacturing filaments, high-speed cutting alloy steel, and superhard molds. Tungsten alloy is a kind of alloy based on tungsten (the mass fraction of tungsten is usually 80%-97%), and added with elements such as Ni, F, Mn, Co, Cu, Mo, Cr, etc., and its density is as high as 16.5-19.0 g/㎝3. At the same time, tungsten metal is often used for military purposes such as armor piercing. At present, tungsten metal has been used in military armor-piercing projectile cores, rocket nozzles, armor-piercing projectile contacts, heating elements and heat shields, etc. It is also used or tried on civil airliners and helicopters, mainly used for fuselage frames, flap ribs, vertical stabilizers, fairings, inlet lips, hatches, fuel tanks, etc. With the continuous improvement of armor materials such as tanks, higher requirements are put forward for the strength of tungsten alloys as anti-tank weapon materials.
传统的轧制、旋转锻造、扭转变形、静液挤压等形变强化是提高钨合金材料强度并保证一定韧性的有效方法，而且还可有效细化晶粒。但是通过上述方法获得的材料的织构具有流线型，细化后的晶粒具有方向性，且为小角度晶界。由于钨合金是难变形材料，因此获得材料的塑性较差，因此，必须寻求新的技术和工艺方法，进一步提高其性能，力求使钨合金的力学性能得到进一步提高，保证高密度的前提下兼有高的强度和良好的韧性。 Traditional rolling, rotary forging, torsional deformation, hydrostatic extrusion and other deformation strengthening are effective methods to improve the strength of tungsten alloy materials and ensure a certain toughness, and can also effectively refine the grains. However, the texture of the material obtained by the above method is streamlined, and the refined grains have directionality and are small-angle grain boundaries. Since tungsten alloy is a hard-to-deform material, the plasticity of the obtained material is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to seek new technologies and process methods to further improve its performance, and strive to further improve the mechanical properties of tungsten alloy and ensure high density. It has high strength and good toughness.
采用本发明一种十字形模具型腔的等通道弯角热挤压方法，可以对难变形的钨合金进行大的塑性变形，同时通过不断旋转十字形模具，可实现钨合金材料的反复塑性变形，同时通过改变旋转十字形模具的方向，可以实现钨合金剧烈塑性变形的变形均匀程度，最终获得变形累积量大，晶粒尺寸均匀，细化后的纳米晶粒晶界角度大的等轴晶粒，使块体纳米钨合金的力学性能得到进一步提高，保证高密度的前提下兼有高的强度和良好的韧性。 Adopting the equal-channel angled hot extrusion method of a cross-shaped mold cavity of the present invention, large plastic deformation can be performed on the hard-to-deform tungsten alloy, and at the same time, repeated plastic deformation of the tungsten alloy material can be realized by continuously rotating the cross-shaped mold At the same time, by changing the direction of the rotating cross-shaped mold, the deformation uniformity of the severe plastic deformation of the tungsten alloy can be achieved, and finally an equiaxed grain with a large accumulation of deformation, uniform grain size, and a large grain boundary angle of the refined nano-grains can be obtained. particles, the mechanical properties of bulk nano-tungsten alloy are further improved, and high strength and good toughness are guaranteed under the premise of high density.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是：针对上述存在的技术问题，提供一种通过不断旋转十字形模具能够对难变形的钨合金进行大的塑性变形实现钨合金材料的晶粒等轴纳米化，使块体纳米钨合金有高的密度，同时有高的强度和良好的韧性。该十字形模具能通过旋转十字形模具实现连续挤压，可实现纳米钨合金材料制备的自动化。 The purpose of the present invention is: to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, to provide a method of continuously rotating the cross-shaped mold that can carry out large plastic deformation on the hard-to-deform tungsten alloy to realize the equiaxed nanometerization of the crystal grains of the tungsten alloy material, so that the bulk nanometer Tungsten alloy has high density, high strength and good toughness at the same time. The cross-shaped die can realize continuous extrusion by rotating the cross-shaped die, and can realize the automation of nano-tungsten alloy material preparation.
本发明专利的技术方案是：本发明是十字形等通道模具型腔热挤压制备钨合金纳米材料方法，包括坯料的准备过程和热挤压旋转成形过程，两个相应的阶段。 The technical solution of the patent of the present invention is: the present invention is a method for preparing tungsten alloy nanomaterials by hot extrusion of a cross-shaped equal-channel mold cavity, including two corresponding stages: the preparation process of the blank and the hot extrusion rotary forming process.
坯料的准备过程主要包括钨合金挤压坯料的切割制备、材料软化退火、喷丸表面处理工艺和水洗工艺；热挤压过程是通过十字形模具型腔的等通道弯角热挤压，对难变形的钨合金进行挤压，同时通过不断旋转十字形模具，可实现钨合金材料的反复塑性变形，同时采用具有补偿空间的模具结构，通过背压顶杆对毛坯施加背压，可避免毛坯头部产生高低不平的现象。同时对十字形模具施加预应力，保证挤压顺利进行，通过提高十字形模具寿命。 The preparation process of the billet mainly includes the cutting preparation of the tungsten alloy extrusion billet, material softening annealing, shot blasting surface treatment process and water washing process; The deformed tungsten alloy is extruded, and the repeated plastic deformation of the tungsten alloy material can be realized by continuously rotating the cross-shaped mold. At the same time, the mold structure with compensation space is used to apply back pressure to the blank through the back pressure ejector pin, which can avoid the blank head. produce unevenness. At the same time, prestress is applied to the cross-shaped die to ensure smooth extrusion and improve the life of the cross-shaped die.
采用此种方案，通过旋转十字形模具热挤压成形方法可反复挤压钨合金坯料，同时采用背压顶杆能保证钨合金挤压件不仅横截面尺寸不变，同时挤压件几何形状也不会改变。该新工艺可以实现钨合金材料组织的纳米等轴化。 With this scheme, the tungsten alloy billet can be extruded repeatedly through the hot extrusion forming method of the rotating cross-shaped die. will change. The new process can realize nano equiaxed structure of tungsten alloy material.
作为本发明的一种改进，坯料出口采用背压顶杆，在挤压机或液压机上通过十字形模具反复选择挤压成形，最终获得具有纳米等轴组织的大块钨合金材料。 As an improvement of the present invention, the billet exit adopts a back-pressure ejector rod, and is selectively extruded repeatedly through a cross-shaped die on an extruder or a hydraulic press, and finally obtains a bulk tungsten alloy material with a nanometer equiaxed structure.
采用此种方案，不仅有利于保证钨合金纳米材料的几何尺寸和形状精度，同时预应力夹紧装置能提供模具的使用寿命，而且可实现钨合金纳米材料制备的自动化。 Adopting this scheme not only helps to ensure the geometric size and shape accuracy of the tungsten alloy nanomaterials, but also the prestressed clamping device can improve the service life of the mold, and can realize the automation of the preparation of the tungsten alloy nanomaterials.
本发明的有益效果是：等通道弯角挤压工艺是剧烈塑性变形过程，而BC路径又是可以是挤压件获得较为均匀组织的路径，将两者结合起来的装置不但可以实现钨合金的剧烈塑性变形，还在原变形基础上进行了改进，实现了BC路径的连续变形，既实现了块状钨合金的纳米化，又减轻了操纵工人的劳动强度，拓宽了等通道弯角挤压变形。 The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the equal channel angle extrusion process is a severe plastic deformation process, and the B C path can be a path for obtaining a relatively uniform structure of the extrusion, and the device combining the two can not only realize the tungsten alloy The severe plastic deformation is improved on the basis of the original deformation, and the continuous deformation of the B C path is realized, which not only realizes the nanometerization of the bulk tungsten alloy, but also reduces the labor intensity of the operator, and widens the equal channel corner extrusion. compression deformation.
附图说明 Description of drawings
下面是结合附图和实施例对本发明的具体实施方案进行详细地说明。 The following is a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
图1为本发明加工工艺简略示意图； Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of the processing technology of the present invention;
图2是本发明十字形模具型腔等通道弯角热挤压示意图 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hot extrusion of the cross-shaped mold cavity and other channel bend angles of the present invention
图3为本发明十字形模具型腔的等通道弯角热挤压模具及附属装置图。 Fig. 3 is a diagram of an equal-channel curved-angle hot extrusion die and ancillary devices of the cross-shaped die cavity of the present invention.
上述图中的标记为： The labels in the above figure are:
图2为本发明十字形模具型腔等通道弯角热挤压示意图的1.凸模，2.挤压件毛坯，3.旋转凹模，4.预应力夹具，5.顶杆，6.背压顶杆，7.预应力夹具底座。 Fig. 2 is the 1. punch of the present invention cross-shaped mold cavity etc. channel angle hot extrusion schematic diagram, 2. extrusion blank, 3. rotating die, 4. prestressed fixture, 5. ejector pin, 6. Back pressure ejector rod, 7. Prestressed fixture base.
图3为本发明十字形模具型腔的等通道弯角热挤压模具及附属装置图的1.旋转螺杆，2.固定预应力夹板，3.背压顶杆，4. 旋转凹模，5.挤压件毛坯，6.上模板，7.凸模垫板，8.凸模固定板，9凸模，10.方块螺母，11.固定螺钉。 Fig. 3 is the 1. rotating screw rod of the hot extrusion mold of equal channel angle of cross-shaped mold cavity of the present invention and accessory device diagram, 2. fixed prestressed splint, 3. back pressure ejector pin, 4. rotating die, 5. Extruded piece blank, 6. Upper template, 7. Punch backing plate, 8. Punch fixing plate, 9 Punch, 10. Square nut, 11. Fixing screw.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
图1是本发明加工工艺简略示意，1.首先进行钨合金挤压坯料的切割制备；2.材料软化退火、喷丸表面处理工艺和水洗工艺；3.热挤压过程是通过十字形模具型腔的等通道弯角热挤压，对难变形的钨合金进行热挤压，同时通过不断旋转十字形模具，可实现钨合金材料的反复塑性变形，挤压过程中使用润滑剂是二硫化钼与石蜡的混合物，混合比例为2:1。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the processing technology of the present invention. 1. First, the cutting and preparation of the tungsten alloy extrusion billet are carried out; 2. The material softening annealing, shot peening surface treatment process and water washing process; 3. The hot extrusion process is passed through a cross-shaped mold The equal-channel bending angle hot extrusion of the cavity is used to hot-extrude the difficult-to-deform tungsten alloy. At the same time, the repeated plastic deformation of the tungsten alloy material can be realized by continuously rotating the cross-shaped mold. The lubricant used in the extrusion process is molybdenum disulfide Mixture with paraffin, the mixing ratio is 2:1.
图2是本发明十字形模具型腔等通道弯角热挤压示意图：1.初始状态：将处理好的钨合金坯料放入十字形模具型腔； 2. 挤压一次：凸模下行，当凸模和坯料接触挤压开始，通过十字形通道进行等通道弯角热挤压，同时背压杆在水平模具通道型腔对坯料实施背压后随凸模上行时回位，凸模完成一个行程，将凸模上行，同时顺时针旋转十字形模具；3.模具旋转90°后：可实现钨合金材料的第二次塑性变形。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of hot extrusion of cross-shaped mold cavity and other channels of the present invention: 1. Initial state: put the processed tungsten alloy billet into the cross-shaped mold cavity; 2. Extrude once: the punch goes down, when The contact extrusion between the punch and the billet starts, and the hot extrusion of equal channel and angle is carried out through the cross-shaped channel. Stroke, move the punch up, and rotate the cross-shaped mold clockwise at the same time; 3. After the mold is rotated 90°: the second plastic deformation of the tungsten alloy material can be realized.
图3是本发明的本发明十字形模具型腔的等通道弯角热挤压模具及附属装置：1.将处理好的钨合金坯料放入十字形模具型腔；2.凸模下行，当凸模和坯料接触挤压开始，通过十字形通道进行等通道弯角热挤压，同时背压杆在水平模具通道型腔对坯料实施背压后随凸模上行时回位；3.凸模完成一个行程，将凸模上行，同时顺时针旋转十字形模具，可实现钨合金材料的第二次塑性变形，此时凸模完成第二个行程，同时背压杆在水平模具通道型腔对坯料实施背压后随凸模上行时回位；4.凸模完成第二个个行程，再将凸模上行，同时逆时针旋转十字形模具，可实现钨合金材料的第三次塑性变形，同时背压杆在水平模具通道型腔对坯料实施背压后随凸模上行时回位；5.凸模完成第三个个行程，再将凸模上行，同时顺时针旋转十字形模具，可实现钨合金材料的第四次塑性变形，同时背压杆在水平模具通道型腔对坯料实施背压后随凸模上行时回位；6.最终取出钨合金挤压件。 Fig. 3 is the equal-channel angled hot extrusion die and accessory device of the present invention's cross-shaped mold cavity: 1. put the processed tungsten alloy billet into the cross-shaped mold cavity; 2. the punch descends, when The contact extrusion between the punch and the billet starts, and the hot extrusion of equal channel and angle is carried out through the cross channel, and at the same time, the back pressure rod returns to the position when the punch goes up after the back pressure is applied to the billet in the cavity of the horizontal mold channel; 3. The punch Complete a stroke, move the punch upward, and rotate the cross-shaped mold clockwise at the same time to realize the second plastic deformation of the tungsten alloy material. After the billet is back-pressed, it will return to its position when the punch goes up; 4. The punch completes the second stroke, and then the punch goes up, and at the same time, the cross-shaped mold is rotated counterclockwise to achieve the third plastic deformation of the tungsten alloy material. At the same time, the back pressure lever returns to its position when the punch goes up after the back pressure is applied to the blank in the horizontal mold channel cavity; Realize the fourth plastic deformation of the tungsten alloy material, and at the same time, the back pressure rod returns to its position when the punch goes up after the back pressure is applied to the billet in the cavity of the horizontal mold channel; 6. Finally, the tungsten alloy extrusion is taken out.
本发明所需设备为机械挤压机或液压机。 The required equipment of the present invention is a mechanical extruder or a hydraulic press.
本发明所采用的凹模连续通道结构，均可采用现有技术，本发明并不局限于上述所列举的具体实施形式，凡本领域技术人员不经过创造性劳动所能得到的改进，均属于本发明的保护范围内。 The die continuous channel structure adopted in the present invention can adopt the prior art, and the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation forms listed above, and all improvements that can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work all belong to this invention. within the scope of protection of the invention.
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| CN106734303B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-09-25 | 中铁建电气化局集团康远新材料有限公司 | Double right angle channel continuous extrusion devices |
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