CN103639375A - Vibrating vertical straight-tube channel method and device for preparing semi-solid metal - Google Patents
Vibrating vertical straight-tube channel method and device for preparing semi-solid metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN103639375A CN103639375A CN201310701597.8A CN201310701597A CN103639375A CN 103639375 A CN103639375 A CN 103639375A CN 201310701597 A CN201310701597 A CN 201310701597A CN 103639375 A CN103639375 A CN 103639375A
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Abstract
The invention provides a vibrating vertical straight-tube channel method and device for preparing semi-solid metal and belongs to the technical field of semi-solid metal forming. Molten metal with a certain superheat degree is poured into an upper opening of a vertical straight-tube channel with mechanical vibration characteristics, the superheated molten metal flows downwards along the inner wall of the vertical straight-tube channel till a lower outlet of the vertical straight-tube channel under the effect of mechanical vibration, and then the semi-solid metal is obtained. The device comprises a pouring ladle, the superheated molten metal, a pouring cup, the vertical straight-tube channel, an electrically-excited mechanical vibrator, an electrically-excited vibration controller, the semi-solid metal, a collecting container, a pressure chamber, a punch, a fixed die and an ejector die. The device and the method have the advantages as follows: cooling, nucleation and grain dissociation of the molten metal in the vertical straight-tube channel are facilitated through the electrically-excited mechanical vibrator, the quantity of hangings on the inner wall of the vertical straight-tube channel is reduced, the cleaning difficulty is reduced, the metal remelting quantity and the melting energy consumption are reduced, the equipment structure is simple, the production cost is low, and the method and the device are applicable to preparation of the semi-solid metal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Semi-solid Metals Forming Techniques field, a kind of vibration straight vertical tube passage method and device of preparing semi-solid-state metal is provided especially.
Background technology
Early 1970s, the human hairs such as Flemings of Massachusetts Institute Technology (MIT) understand Semi-solid Metals Forming Techniques, cause the extensive concern of various countries scholar and industrial quarters, various countries scholar has carried out this deeply and basic theory and technical research widely subsequently.From research and practical application, in Semi-solid Metals Forming Techniques, the preparation of semi-solid-state metal is all the time in key position.According to document " Behavior of metal alloys in the semisolid state " (M C Flemings, Metall Trans, 1991,22A:957-981), " progress of the advanced technology of preparing of semi-solid metal slurry " (Mao Weimin, casting, 2012, 61 (8): 1-13) with < < Semi-solid Metals Forming Techniques > > (Mao Weimin, Beijing: China Machine Press, 2004.6) report, the method that obtains semi-solid-state metal is a lot, as mechanical mixing method, electromagnetic stirring method, the melt activation method that strain causes (strain induced melt activation, referred to as SIMA), turbulence effect method, single-screw paddling process, double helix paddling process, low overheat hang plate casting, Prepared by Low Superheat Pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring method, pressure chamber electromagnetic stirring method, Prepared by Low Superheat Pouring and weak mechanical mixing method, continuous rheology transformation approach (Continuous rheoconversion process is called for short CRP), partially revolve heat content balancing method (Swirled enthalpy equilibration device, referred to as SEED), rotation Inclined Pipe method, wave-shape board shape casting, ultrasonic vibration method, control cast height method, from breeding method, bubble agitation method, inverted cone channel casting, serpentine channel casting, turning barrel mechanical shearing method, ring-type electromagnetic stirring method etc.But, in order to reduce the preparation cost of semi-solid-state metal or in order to improve the preparation process of semi-solid-state metal, the scholar of countries in the world and expert still constantly explore preparation method and the preparation facilities of new semi-solid-state metal.
Chinese patent ZL200410009296.X, ZL200410009295.5 and document " Influence of process parameters on microstructure of semisolid A356 alloy slug cast through vertical pipe(YANG Xiao-rong; MAO Wei-min; PEI Sheng. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China; 2008,18 (1): 99-103) " have proposed the straight vertical tube passage cast technology of preparing of semi-solid-state metal.In straight vertical tube passage cast technology of preparing, first the degree of superheat of molten metal is controlled to the predetermined cast degree of superheat, then, by pouring metal melt to straight vertical tube passage, molten metal is sequentially downward through the inwall of straight vertical tube passage; At metal liquid stream, during through straight vertical tube passage, molten metal can constantly conduct heat to straight vertical tube passage, causes metal pat excessively cold of contact channels inwall, thus this cross sluggish metal can be along the nucleation and growth of straight vertical tube passage inwall generation primary grain; In the process of these primary grain nucleation and growths, primary grain root produces solute enrichment, and primary grain bears again washing away continuously of molten metal simultaneously, and part primary grain can constantly occur free and leaves straight vertical tube passage inwall and enter in metal bath; Because metal bath is constantly to the immixture of straight vertical tube passage inwall heat radiation and the melt that flows, the over-heat metal melt pouring at first can progress into whole supercooled state, from straight vertical tube passage inwall, dissociates and a large amount of primary grains of entering metal bath can survive; Can there is the mutual interference in solute field and temperature field in the primary grain that the survival of these the large density in metal bath is got off, thereby suppress dendritic growth, and these primary grains are grown up gradually for spherical; When metal bath arrives straight vertical tube passage exit, metal bath is in solid-liquid two-phase region, and inside includes a large amount of free spherical primary grains, Here it is semi-solid-state metal.This semi-solid-state metal can directly carry out rheo-diecasting shaping or rheo-extrusion is shaped or rheology forging and molding, also these semi-solid-state metals can be collected in a container, pass through again suitable cooled and solidified, can further improve the fraction solid in semi-solid-state metal, for the part of rheological molding high compactness.In a word, from above-mentioned technology of preparing on the whole, the process of straight vertical tube passage cast technology of preparing is fairly simple, is a kind of preparation method of semi-solid-state metal cheaply.But in semi-solid-state metal preparation process; because the primary grain along straight vertical tube passage inwall forming core can not occur all free; residue crystal grain can constantly be grown up; usually can stop up straight vertical tube passage; be forced to stop the preparation process of semi-solid-state metal; the semi-solid-state metal capacity that has reduced each preparation of straight vertical tube passage, is unfavorable for the part that rheological molding is larger.In semi-solid-state metal preparation process, even if can not stop up straight vertical tube passage completely, also can in straight vertical tube passage, produce a large amount of bridging, bridging quantity can account for 10% of casting metal weight～
20%, the difficulty that this has increased cleaning bridging greatly, has also increased quantity and fusing energy consumption that metal melts down greatly.Therefore, need to take significantly the slow down speed of straight vertical tube passage bridging of new measure or method, significantly reduce the bridging quantity of straight vertical tube passage inwall, to simplify the quantity of melting down of cleaning technology and reduction cleaning work difficulty and metal, be also conducive to the relatively large part of rheological molding.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: a kind of vibration straight vertical tube passage method and device of preparing semi-solid-state metal is provided.Utilize electricity swash mechanical oscillation promote cooling, the forming core of straight vertical tube passage inner metal liquid and crystal grain free, reduce the metal bridging of straight vertical tube passage inwall, simplify cleaning technology and reduce the quantity of melting down of cleaning work difficulty and metal.
Concrete technology feature of the present invention is as follows:
1, produce overheated molten metal, by the temperature of this over-heat metal liquid be controlled in advance its liquidus temperature above 1～
250 ℃, this over-heat metal liquid is poured in a straight vertical tube passage with mechanical vibration performance suitable for reading; Constantly producing in the process of mechanical oscillation, this over-heat metal liquid flows downward along this straight vertical tube passage inwall, until the lower outlet of this straight vertical tube passage, now this metal bath is in its solid-liquid two-phase region, and now this metal bath has been semi-solid metal slurry; This slurry flows into relative permeability again and is about in 1 metal or nonmetallic collection container, when metal paste runs up to certain quantity, can carry out follow-up rheological molding, or this metal paste flows directly in rheopectic shaper and rheological molding again.
2, the height with the straight vertical tube passage of mechanical vibration performance is 200～1500mm; The internal diameter of this straight vertical tube passage is 10～100mm; The material of this straight vertical tube passage can be nonmetal or metal; When this over-heat metal liquid of cast, the temperature of this straight vertical tube passage is lower than the solidus temperature of this molten metal.
3,, in the casting process of this over-heat metal liquid, this straight vertical tube passage continues under the effect in mechanical oscillation; The vibration frequency of these mechanical oscillation is that 0.1Hz～50kHz, amplitude are 0.01mm～10mm.
4, in this collection container and this straight vertical tube passage, can pass into the oxidation that protective gas reduces this metal bath; This protective gas can be argon gas or contain SF
6gas.
The present invention relates to a kind of vibration straight vertical tube passage device of preparing semi-solid-state metal, this device is divided into two kinds of forms:
Collection container be shaped as hydrostatic column or polygon prismatic container, the material of this collection container is that relative permeability is about 1 metal or nonmetal.
The invention has the advantages that: at electricity, swash under the effect of mechanical vibrator, promoted the forming core of straight vertical tube passage inwall primary grain and dissociated, obviously increased the density of primary grain in metal bath, refinement the size of primary grain in semi-solid-state metal, also impel the obvious decline of straight vertical tube passage inwall bridging speed, the bridging quantity of straight vertical tube passage inwall significantly reduces, bridging quantity can drop to below 3% of casting metal weight, greatly reduce difficulty and the workload of cleaning work, also quantity and fusing energy consumption that metal melts down have been greatly reduced, the quantity of the semi solid slurry of each cast preparation also increases substantially, be applicable to very much the preparation of semi-solid-state metal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the vibration straight vertical tube passage device schematic diagram of preparing semi-solid-state metal of the first form of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the vibration straight vertical tube passage device schematic diagram of preparing semi-solid-state metal of the second form of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, casting ladle, 2, over-heat metal liquid, 3, cup, 4, straight vertical tube passage, 5, electricity swashs mechanical vibrator, 6, electric excited vibration controller, 7, semi-solid-state metal, 8, collection container, 9, pressure chamber, 10, drift, 11, sizing, 12, ejector half.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
With reference to Fig. 1, this is the tube passage technological process of vibration straight vertical and the device of preparing semi-solid-state metal of the first form of providing by above-mentioned technical characterstic.This vibration straight vertical tube passage device arranges a casting ladle 1, and this casting ladle 1 is hypoeutectic Al-7 with overheated ZL101A aluminum alloy melt 2(
wt%Si-0.45
wt%Mg aluminium alloy, is equivalent to U.S. trade mark A356 aluminium alloy) be connected; This overheated ZL101A aluminum alloy melt 2 is connected with cup 3; Cup 3 is connected with straight vertical tube passage 4, and the height of straight vertical tube passage 4 is that 1500mm, internal diameter are 100mm, and straight vertical tube passage 4 is made by graphite; Straight vertical tube passage 4 swashs mechanical vibrator 5 with electricity and is connected, and the amplitude that electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 is that 4mm, vibration frequency are 10Hz; Electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 and is connected with electric excited vibration controller 6; Straight vertical tube passage 4 is connected with semisolid ZL101A aluminium alloy 7; Semisolid ZL101A aluminium alloy 7 is connected with collection container 8, and this collection container 8 is made by Austenitic stainless steel, and the inside dimension of this collection container 8 is Ф 80 * 200mm, and before cast, this collection container 8 is in room temperature.The ZL101A aluminum alloy melt 2 that is 250 ℃ by the degree of superheat be directly poured into this straight vertical tube passage 4 suitable for reading in, and flow in collection container 8 along the inwall of this straight vertical tube passage 4, obtain semisolid ZL101A aluminium alloy 7, after the technological process of preparation semisolid ZL101A aluminium alloy 7 finishes, the bridging quantity of vibration straight vertical tube passage 4 inwalls accounts for 0% of cast ZL101A aluminium alloy 2 weight, greatly reduce difficulty and the workload of cleaning work, greatly reduced ZL101A aluminium alloy and melted down the quantity of remelting and melt energy consumption.
Embodiment 2:
With reference to Fig. 1, this is the tube passage technological process of vibration straight vertical and the device of preparing semi-solid-state metal of the first form of providing by above-mentioned technical characterstic.This vibration straight vertical tube passage device arranges a casting ladle 1, and this casting ladle 1 is hypoeutectic Al-7 with overheated ZL101A aluminum alloy melt 2(
wt%Si-0.45
wt%Mg aluminium alloy, is equivalent to U.S. trade mark A356 aluminium alloy) be connected; This overheated ZL101A aluminum alloy melt 2 is connected with cup 3; Cup 3 is connected with straight vertical tube passage 4, and the height of straight vertical tube passage 4 is that 500mm, internal diameter are 20mm, and straight vertical tube passage 4 is made by graphite; Straight vertical tube passage 4 swashs mechanical vibrator 5 with electricity and is connected, and the amplitude that electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 is that 10mm, vibration frequency are 0.1Hz; Electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 and is connected with electric excited vibration controller 6; This straight vertical tube passage 4 is connected with semisolid ZL101A aluminium alloy 7; Semisolid ZL101A aluminium alloy 7 is connected with collection container 8, and collection container 8 is made by Austenitic stainless steel, and the inside dimension of this collection container 8 is Ф 200 * 400mm, and before cast, this collection container 8 is in room temperature.The ZL101A aluminum alloy melt that is 65 ℃ by the degree of superheat be directly poured into this straight vertical tube passage 4 suitable for reading in, and flow in collection container 8 along the inwall of this straight vertical tube passage 4, obtain semisolid ZL101A aluminium alloy 7, after the technological process of preparation semisolid ZL101A aluminium alloy 7 finishes, the bridging quantity of vibration straight vertical tube passage 4 inwalls accounts for 1% of cast ZL101A aluminium alloy 2 weight, greatly reduce difficulty and the workload of cleaning work, greatly reduced ZL101A aluminium alloy and melted down the quantity of remelting and melt energy consumption.
Embodiment 3:
With reference to Fig. 1, this is the tube passage technological process of vibration straight vertical and the device of preparing semi-solid-state metal of the first form of providing by above-mentioned technical characterstic.This vibration straight vertical tube passage device arranges a casting ladle 1, and this casting ladle 1 is Mg-9 with overheated AZ91 liquid magnesium alloy 2(
wt%Mg-0.45
wt%Zn magnesium alloy) be connected; This overheated AZ91 liquid magnesium alloy 2 is connected with cup 3; Cup 3 is connected with straight vertical tube passage 4, and the height of straight vertical tube passage 4 is that 300mm, internal diameter are 10mm, and straight vertical tube passage 4 is made by graphite; Straight vertical tube passage 4 swashs mechanical vibrator 5 with electricity and is connected, and the amplitude that electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 is that 4mm, vibration frequency are 5Hz; Electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 and is connected with electric excited vibration controller 6; Straight vertical tube passage 4 is connected with semisolid AZ91 magnesium alloy 7; Semisolid AZ91 magnesium alloy 7 is connected with collection container 8, and collection container 8 is made by Austenitic stainless steel, and the inside dimension of this collection container 8 is Ф 200 * 400mm, and before cast, this collection container 8 is in room temperature.The AZ91 liquid magnesium alloy 2 that is 1 ℃ by the degree of superheat be directly poured into this straight vertical tube passage 4 suitable for reading in, and flow in collection container 8 along the inwall of this straight vertical tube passage 4, obtain semisolid AZ91 magnadure 7, after the technological process of preparation semisolid AZ91 magnesium alloy 7 finishes, the bridging quantity of vibration straight vertical tube passage 4 inwalls accounts for 3% of cast AZ91 magnesium alloy 2 weight, greatly reduce difficulty and the workload of cleaning work, greatly reduced AZ91 magnesium alloy and melted down the quantity of remelting and melt energy consumption.
Embodiment 4:
With reference to Fig. 2, this is the tube passage technological process of vibration straight vertical and the device of preparing semi-solid-state metal of the second form of providing by above-mentioned technical characterstic.This vibration straight vertical tube passage device arranges a casting ladle 1, and this casting ladle 1 is hypoeutectic Al-7 with overheated ZL114A aluminum alloy melt 2(
wt%Si-0.6
wt%Mg aluminium alloy, is equivalent to U.S. trade mark A35,7 aluminium alloys) be connected; This overheated ZL114A aluminum alloy melt 2 is connected with cup 3; Cup 3 is connected with straight vertical tube passage 4, and the height of straight vertical tube passage 4 is that 500mm, internal diameter are 30mm, and straight vertical tube passage 4 is made by fine copper; Straight vertical tube passage 4 swashs mechanical vibrator 5 with electricity and is connected, and the amplitude that electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 is that 0.01mm, vibration frequency are 50kHz; Electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 and is connected with electric excited vibration controller 6; Straight vertical tube passage 4 is connected with semisolid ZL114A aluminium alloy 7; Semisolid ZL114A aluminium alloy 7 is connected with pressure chamber 9; Pressure chamber 9 is connected with drift 10; Drift 10 is connected with sizing 11; Sizing 11 is connected with ejector half 12.The ZL114A aluminum alloy melt 2 that is 65 ℃ by the degree of superheat be directly poured into this straight vertical tube passage 4 suitable for reading in, and flow in pressure chamber 9 along the inwall of this straight vertical tube passage 4, obtain semisolid ZL114A aluminium alloy 7, after the technological process of preparation semisolid ZL114A aluminium alloy 7 finishes, the bridging quantity of vibration straight vertical tube passage 4 inwalls accounts for 0.5% of cast ZL114A aluminium alloy 2 weight, greatly reduce difficulty and the workload of cleaning work, greatly reduced ZL114A aluminium alloy and melted down the quantity of remelting and melt energy consumption.
Embodiment 5:
With reference to Fig. 2, this is the tube passage technological process of vibration straight vertical and the device of preparing semi-solid-state metal of the second form of providing by above-mentioned technical characterstic.This vibration straight vertical tube passage device arranges a casting ladle 1, and this casting ladle 1 is Al-5.5 with 7075 overheated aluminum alloy melt 2(
wt%Zn-2.5
wt%Mg-1.6
wt%Cu-0.2
wt%Cr aluminium alloy) be connected; These 7075 overheated aluminum alloy melts 2 are connected with cup 3; Cup 3 is connected with straight vertical tube passage 4, and the height of straight vertical tube passage 4 is that 600mm, internal diameter are 20mm, and straight vertical tube passage 4 is made by fine copper; Straight vertical tube passage 4 swashs mechanical vibrator 5 with electricity and is connected, and the amplitude that electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 is that 0.2mm, vibration frequency are 100Hz; Electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 and is connected with electric excited vibration controller 6; Straight vertical tube passage 4 is connected with semisolid 7075 aluminium alloys 7; Semisolid 7075 aluminium alloys 7 are connected with pressure chamber 9; Pressure chamber 9 is connected with drift 10; Drift 10 is connected with sizing 11; Sizing 11 is connected with ejector half 12.7075 aluminum alloy melts 2 that are 55 ℃ by the degree of superheat be directly poured into this straight vertical tube passage 4 suitable for reading in, and flow in pressure chamber 9 along the inwall of this straight vertical tube passage 4, obtain semisolid 7075 aluminium alloys 7, after the technological process of preparation semisolid 7075 aluminium alloys 7 finishes, the bridging quantity of vibration straight vertical tube passage 4 inwalls accounts for 2% of cast 7075 aluminium alloy 2 weight, greatly reduce difficulty and the workload of cleaning work, greatly reduced 7075 aluminium alloys and melted down the quantity of remelting and melt energy consumption.
Embodiment 6:
With reference to Fig. 2, this is the tube passage technological process of vibration straight vertical and the device of preparing semi-solid-state metal of the second form of providing by above-mentioned technical characterstic.This vibration straight vertical tube passage device arranges a casting ladle 1, and this casting ladle 1 is Al-5.5 with 7075 overheated aluminum alloy melt 2(
wt%Zn-2.5
wt%Mg-1.6
wt%Cu-0.2
wt%Cr aluminium alloy) be connected; These 7075 overheated aluminum alloy melts 2 are connected with cup 3; Cup 3 is connected with straight vertical tube passage 4, and the height of straight vertical tube passage 4 is that 400mm, internal diameter are 20mm, and straight vertical tube passage 4 is made by fine copper; Straight vertical tube passage 4 swashs mechanical vibrator 5 with electricity and is connected, and the amplitude that electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 is that 2mm, vibration frequency are 10Hz; Electricity swashs mechanical vibrator 5 and is connected with electric excited vibration controller 6; Straight vertical tube passage 4 is connected with semisolid 7075 aluminium alloys 7; Semisolid 7075 aluminium alloys 7 are connected with pressure chamber 9; Pressure chamber 9 is connected with drift 10; Drift 10 is connected with sizing 11; Sizing 11 is connected with ejector half 12.7075 aluminum alloy melts 2 that are 65 ℃ by the degree of superheat be directly poured into this straight vertical tube passage 4 suitable for reading in, and flow in pressure chamber 9 along the inwall of this straight vertical tube passage 4, obtain semisolid 7075 aluminium alloys 7, after the technological process of preparation semisolid 7075 aluminium alloys 7 finishes, the bridging quantity of vibration straight vertical tube passage 4 inwalls accounts for 1% of cast 7075 aluminium alloy 2 weight, greatly reduce difficulty and the workload of cleaning work, greatly reduced 7075 aluminium alloys and melted down the quantity of remelting and melt energy consumption.
For implementing the device of this invention, be both suitable for the preparation of the semi-solid-state metal of acieral, be also suitable for the preparation of the semi-solid-state metal of magnesium base alloy, zinc-containing alloy, acid bronze alloy, nickel-base alloy, cobalt-base alloys and ferrous alloy.
Claims (7)
1. a vibration straight vertical tube passage method of preparing semi-solid-state metal, is characterized in that:
Over-heat metal liquid (2) is poured into in the straight vertical tube passage (4) of mechanical vibration performance suitable for reading, over-heat metal liquid (2) flows downward along the inwall of straight vertical tube passage (4) in mechanical oscillation, until the lower outlet of straight vertical tube passage (4), in final inflow collection container (8) or in the material chamber or pressure chamber (9) of inflow rheopectic shaper, obtain semi-solid-state metal (7).
2. a kind of vibration straight vertical tube passage method of preparing semi-solid-state metal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the temperature of over-heat metal liquid is controlled at above 1～250 ℃ of this metal liquidus temperature in advance.
3. a kind of vibration straight vertical tube passage method of preparing semi-solid-state metal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in casting process, straight vertical tube passage (4) is always in mechanical oscillation, until semi-solid-state metal (7) preparation process finishes.
4. a kind of vibration straight vertical tube passage method of preparing semi-solid-state metal according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: in collection container (8) and straight vertical tube passage (4); can pass into the oxidation that protective gas reduces this metal bath, this protective gas is argon gas or contains SF
6gas.
5. a kind of vibration straight vertical tube passage method vibration straight vertical tube passage device used of preparing semi-solid-state metal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this device swashs mechanical vibrator (5), electric excited vibration controller (6), semi-solid-state metal (7), collection container (8), pressure chamber (9), drift (10), sizing (11) and ejector half (12) by casting ladle (1), over-heat metal liquid (2), cup (3), straight vertical tube passage (4), electricity and forms;
Wherein, casting ladle (1) is connected with over-heat metal liquid (2), over-heat metal liquid (2) is connected with cup (3), cup (3) is connected with straight vertical tube passage (4), straight vertical tube passage (4) swashs mechanical vibrator (5) with electricity and is connected, electricity swashs mechanical vibrator (5) and is connected with electric excited vibration controller (6), and straight vertical tube passage (4) is connected with semi-solid-state metal (7), and semi-solid-state metal (7) is connected with collection container (8); Or semi-solid-state metal (7) is directly connected with pressure chamber (9), and pressure chamber (9) is connected with drift (10), drift (10) is connected with sizing (11), and sizing (11) is connected with ejector half (12).
6. a kind of vibration straight vertical tube passage device of preparing semi-solid-state metal according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the amplitude that electricity swashs mechanical vibrator (5) is 0.01mm～10mm, and vibration frequency is 0.1Hz～50kHz.
7. a kind of vibration straight vertical tube passage device of preparing semi-solid-state metal according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the height of straight vertical tube passage (4) is 200～1500mm, and the internal diameter of straight vertical tube passage (4) is 10～100mm.
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Application publication date: 20140319 |