CN103636684B - Fruit tree dormancy breaking agent and application thereof - Google Patents
Fruit tree dormancy breaking agent and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103636684B CN103636684B CN201310652491.3A CN201310652491A CN103636684B CN 103636684 B CN103636684 B CN 103636684B CN 201310652491 A CN201310652491 A CN 201310652491A CN 103636684 B CN103636684 B CN 103636684B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fruit tree dormancy breaking agent and application of the fruit tree dormancy breaking agent and belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation. The invention aims at providing a fruit tree dormancy breaking agent which is safe and has a good dormancy breaking effect, and application of the fruit tree dormancy breaking agent. The fruit tree dormancy breaking agent comprises following active components in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of allicin and 0.1-0.5 part of perillae extract. The invention further relates to the application of the fruit tree dormancy breaking agent in the aspect of breaking the dormancy of fruit trees. According to the fruit tree dormancy breaking agent, all the components are harmless to a human body and the environment; complicated chemical components are not added and the residue of hormones is not caused; a safety problem is not caused; meanwhile, the fruit tree dormancy breaking agent has the advantages of good dormancy breaking effect and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy and application thereof, belong to field of fruit tree cultivation.
Background technology
Plant sprout dormancy is a break-off phenomenon in plant growth and development process, is a kind of useful biological property, is a kind of biological adaptation to environmental condition and seasonal variety that plant obtains through long-term evolution.In Perenniporia martius, warm winter area and protecting field fruit growing, often because low temperature chilling requirement can not meet the needs of fruit tree, and it is irregular to cause rudiment to bloom, and bud comes off, and growth and development of fruit tree is bad.Although obtained many progress in seed selection low chilling requirement kind, but still need artificial measures to make up the deficiency of natural low temperature amount, and become the routine techniques in many national fruit tree managements.Need to be implemented by the technology of effective breaking dormancy in the Protectorate cultivation of fruit tree, the ripen in advance of growth and the fruit in advance of fruit tree could be realized.So the dormancy of research fruit tree is significant to instructing production of fruit trees.
The effective measures solving dormancy wretched insufficiency carry out brokenly process of sleeping, and promotes rudiment, improve the growth of ovule, blastular, improves fruit-setting rate and economic flow rate, and namely the key of broken dormancy technology is selection and the application technique of chemicals for breaking dormancy.The technology that productive life is used for breaking dormancy utilizes Chemical treatment and physical measure to break dormancy two kinds.Be summed up, the medicament for breaking dormancy is generally divided into two classes, and a class is dinitro compound, KNO
3, NH
4nO
3, hydrogen cyanamide, the Inorganic chemicals such as calcium cyanamide, but there is the injury to environment and human body in Inorganic chemicals; Another kind of is based on the medicament of the somatotropin such as gibberellic acid, the basic element of cell division, but hormone is residual, result in again new problem.And as heated, the cost of the physical measure such as alternating temperature is too high, or in practical operation, do not have feasibility, be difficult to promote.Therefore, finding a kind of safe, broken effective fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of sleeping is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provides a kind of safe, broken sleep effective fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy and application thereof.
Fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention, its active component is preferably made up of the component of following weight portion: allicin 10 ~ 20 weight portion, extractive of perilla 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight portion; More preferably be made up of 15 weight portion allicins and 0.2 weight portion extractive of perilla.
Wherein, in order to improve the activity of fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention, extractive of perilla is preferably perilla alcohol extract, and extracting method can adopt existing alcohol extracting method, also can adopt commercially available perilla alcohol extract.
Wherein, for the ease of storage and transport, simultaneously also in order to improve the activity of fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy, fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy formulation of the present invention is preferably microemulsion; Microemulsion auxiliary agent can adopt commercially available prod, as conventional microemulsion agent aids such as polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether (CM-101), alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (OP-10), calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonates (No. 500, agriculture breast).
Further, the invention also discloses the preparation method of fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy, comprise the steps:
A, according to proportioning weigh allicin, extractive of perilla and microemulsion auxiliary agent;
B, by load weighted each component mixing, stir, to obtain final product.
Further, the invention also discloses fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy and breaking the application in fruit tree dormancy, be preferably applied to common deciduous fruit tree further, as grape, cherry, peach, walnut, pomegranate etc.
Further, in fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy, active component concentration is too low can not play its broken dormancy effect, and excessive concentration then can have an impact to crop, and preferably, in use, be diluted to allicin concentration is 0.1 ~ 1wt% to fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention; As more preferably scheme, being diluted to allicin concentration is 0.15 ~ 0.75wt%.
Further, in order to improve the effect of fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy breaking dormancy, described in be applied as and spray or be applied in fruit tree sleeping bud, consumption can Changes in weather and needs of production from Row sum-equal matrix.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, each component of fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention is all to human body and environmentally friendly, without complicated chemical composition, also can not cause the residual of hormone, can not bring safety problem.
2, fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention can accelerate the speed of fruit tree breaking dormancy, is better than commercially available prod.
3, use after each component mixing of the present invention, the function of each component obtains complementation and coordination, can improve fruit tree biology activity, shorten dormant stage of fruit tree, improves the output of fruit tree.
4, fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention obviously can also improve the immunity of crop to the disease such as bacterium, fungi simultaneously, strengthens the resistance of plant.
Embodiment
Fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention, its active component is preferably made up of the component of following weight portion: allicin 10 ~ 20 weight portion, extractive of perilla 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight portion; More preferably be made up of 15 weight portion allicins and 0.2 weight portion extractive of perilla.
Wherein, active in order to improve fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention, extractive of perilla is preferably perilla alcohol extract, and extracting method can adopt existing alcohol extracting method, also can adopt commercially available perilla alcohol extract.
Wherein, for the ease of storage and transport, simultaneously also in order to improve the activity of fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy, fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy formulation of the present invention is preferably microemulsion; Microemulsion auxiliary agent can adopt commercially available prod, as conventional microemulsion agent aids such as polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether (CM-101), alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (OP-10), calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonates (No. 500, agriculture breast).
Further, the invention also discloses the preparation method of fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy, comprise the steps:
A, according to proportioning weigh allicin, extractive of perilla and microemulsion auxiliary agent;
B, by load weighted each component mixing, stir, to obtain final product.
Further, the invention also discloses fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy and breaking the application in fruit tree dormancy, be preferably applied to common deciduous fruit tree further, as grape, cherry, peach, walnut, pomegranate etc.
Further, in fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy, active component concentration is too low can not play its broken dormancy effect, and excessive concentration then can have an impact to crop, and preferably, in use, be diluted to allicin concentration is 0.1 ~ 1wt% to fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention; As more preferably scheme, being diluted to allicin concentration is 0.15 ~ 0.75wt%.
Further, in order to improve the effect of fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy breaking dormancy, described in be applied as and spray or be applied in fruit tree sleeping bud, consumption can Changes in weather and needs of production from Row sum-equal matrix.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described, does not therefore limit the present invention among described scope of embodiments.
The preparation of embodiment 1 fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention
A, weigh each component according to the corresponding content of each chemicals for breaking dormancy in table 1;
B, by load weighted each component mixing, stir, to obtain final product.
Table 1 fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy proportioning
The allicin supplier used in the present invention: Shanghai double source garlic oil Co., Ltd, lot number: 20120924 perilla alcohols are extracted as perilla alcohol extract supplier: Chenzhou Miroherb Biological Products Co., Ltd., lot number: 20121104.
Embodiment 2 fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention breaks dormancy experiment-grape
1 materials and methods
1.1 test material
For studying thing: kyoto grape 100 biennial fruit branches, every upper 2-3 sprout;
1.2 reagent agent
Experimental group: PM-1, PM-2
Control group: 50% cyanamide (Aladdin reagent, supplier: Shanghai Jingchun Industrial Co., Ltd., lot number: 201205271025), brassin+cyanamide (the former medicine of brassin, 481, (52% content) 0.00005%; The auxiliary agents such as Tween 80 0.5%; 50% cyanamide polishing 100%);
1.3 spraying time
Go to great Tang town, Pujiang County, Chengdu, Sichuan Province to gather grape branch in first day, carry out decontamination process after fetching, then carry out dispenser, application method, for dip medicament with writing brush, is applied in sleeping bud.
2 experimental scheme
2.1 chemicals treatment
Medicament numbering and concentration are in table 2.
Table 2
| Numbering | Medicament | Extension rate | Consumption (mL/g) | Grape bud quantity * |
| 1 | PM-1 | 100 | 5 | 24（2） |
| 2 | PM-1 | 20 | 5 | 29（3） |
| 3 | PM-2 | 100 | 5 | 27（2） |
| 4 | PM-2 | 20 | 5 | 22（3） |
| 5 | Brassin+cyanamide | 100 | 5 | 30（2） |
| 6 | Brassin+cyanamide | 20 | 5 | 30（6） |
| 7 | 50% cyanamide | 40 | 5 | 25（2） |
| 8 | CK | Clear water | 5 | 32（2） |
* note: adjusted to the 4th day when examining, all have in all process in some grape bud immersion water, finally cause all grape buds be immersed in water all not germinate (this bud number and bracket in numerical value), so this kind of bud is not counted when the later stage calculates germination rate.
2.2 Quarter Design
4 process are established in this test, 3 other medicament contrasts, 1 clear water contrast, totally 8 communities.Each community randomized arrangement, community distribution design table is in table 3.
Table 3
| 5 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
2.3 test method
2.3.1 grape branch gathers
Gather grape branch and be biennial above female branch, grape variety is huge peak kind, gathers 100 female branches altogether, every all has 2-3 sprout, sprout total fresh weight >3g, after taking back; get full hibernaculum deionized water clean after, blotting paper blots, for experiment.
2.3.2 medicament and temperature control process
Dip each group of medicament in table 2 with writing brush, smear by the grape twig of the design in table 2 to every community, in the present embodiment, all process are all carried out in room temperature.
3 test results and analysis
3.1 result of the test
To the 4th day after first day process, each group grape does not have anything to change, and within the 26th day, adjusts the result examined respectively in table 4 and table 5 with the 30th day.
Grape germination is respectively processed during table 4 the 26th day
| Numbering | Medicament | Extension rate | Sprout/ | Germinate/ | Come into leaves/ | Germination rate/% |
| 1 | PM-1 | 100 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 18.2 |
| 2 | PM-1 | 20 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 30.8 |
| 3 | PM-2 | 100 | 2 | 1 | — | 12.0 |
| 4 | PM-2 | 20 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 21.1 |
| 5 | Brassin+cyanamide | 100 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 17.8 |
| 6 | Brassin+cyanamide | 20 | — | — | 1 | 4.2 |
| 7 | 50% cyanamide | 40 | 1 | — | 6 | 30.4 |
| 8 | CK | — | 2 | 2 | — | 13.3 |
Grape germination is respectively processed during table 5 the 30th day
| Numbering | Dilution medicament | Multiple | Broken dormancy bud number/ | Come into leaves bud number/rate | Process bud number | Germination rate/% |
| 1 | PM-1 | 100 | 9 | 3/13.6% | 24（2） | 40.9 |
| 2 | PM-1 | 20 | 11 | 8/30.8% | 29（3） | 42.3 |
| 3 | PM-2 | 100 | 6 | 3/10.7% | 27（2） | 24.0 |
| 4 | PM-2 | 20 | 5 | 3/12.5% | 22（3） | 36.4 |
| 5 | Brassin+cyanamide | 100 | 8 | 5/20% | 30（2） | 28.6 |
| 6 | Brassin+cyanamide | 20 | 6 | 5/26.3% | 30（6） | 25.0 |
| 7 | 50% cyanamide | 40 | 10 | 8/34.8% | 25（2） | 43.5 |
| 8 | CK | — | 5 | 2/6.7% | 32（2） | 16.7 |
3.2 interpretation of result
Data as can be seen from table 4: PM-1-20 × dormancy effect is broken compared to PM-1-100 × better effects if to grape, same, PM-2-20 × broken dormancy effect be also better than PM-2-100 ×.
As can be seen from table 4 and table 5 all, PM-1-20 × with PM-2-20 × basic identical with 50% cyanamide AS agent effective to the broken dormancy effect of grape.
4 conclusion (of pressure testing)s
Breaking fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy in all process in the test of grape bud dormancy indoor biometrics, to dilute 20 times of effects best, similar with the effect contrasting medicament 50% cyanamide AS, and have no adverse effects to grape growth.
Embodiment 3 fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention breaks dormancy experiment-cherry
1 materials and methods
1.1 test material
For studying thing: cherry 100 5 years raw fruit branches, every one group, 10 fruit branches, every upper 10-20 sprout;
1.2 reagent agent
Experimental group: PM-3, PM-4
Control group: brassin+cyanamide, 50% cyanamide AS(Aladdin reagent)
1.3 spraying time
Carry out decontamination process after being fetched by falsesour cherry branchlet, then carry out dispenser, application method, for dip medicament with writing brush, is applied in sleeping bud.
2 experimental scheme
2.1 chemicals treatment
Medicament numbering and concentration are in table 6.
Table 6
| Numbering | Medicament | Extension rate | Consumption (mL/g) | Cherry bud quantity |
| 1 | PM-3 | 100 | 35 | 136 |
| 2 | PM-3 | 20 | 35 | 152 |
| 3 | PM-4 | 100 | 35 | 139 |
| 4 | PM-4 | 20 | 35 | 158 |
| 5 | Brassin+cyanamide | 100 | 35 | 184 |
| 6 | Brassin+cyanamide | 20 | 35 | 164 |
| 7 | 50% cyanamide | 40 | 35 | 177 |
| 8 | CK | Clear water | 35 | 168 |
2.2 Quarter Design
4 process are established in this test, 3 other medicament contrasts, 1 clear water contrast, totally 8 communities.Each community randomized arrangement, community distribution design table is in table 7.
Table 7
| 5 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
2.3 test method
2.3.1 falsesour cherry branchlet collection
Gather falsesour cherry branchlet and be the above female branch of life in 5 years, gather 100 female branches altogether, every all has 10-20 sprout, after taking back, get full hibernaculum deionized water clean after, blotting paper blots, for testing.
2.3.2 medicament and temperature control process
Dip each group of medicament in table 6 with writing brush, smear by the cherry twig of the design in table 6 to every community, in the present embodiment, all process are all carried out in room temperature.
3 test results and analysis
3.1 result of the test
To the 4th day after first day process, each group falsesour cherry branchlet does not have anything to change, and within the 26th day, adjusts the result examined respectively in table 8 and table 9 with the 30th day.
Cherry germination is respectively processed during table 8 the 26th day
| Numbering | Medicament | Extension rate | Sprout/ | Germinate/ | Come into leaves/ | Germination rate/% |
| 1 | PM-3 | 100 | 25 | 8 | 4 | 27.21% |
| 2 | PM-3 | 20 | 38 | 10 | 6 | 35.53% |
| 3 | PM-4 | 100 | 22 | 7 | 3 | 23.02% |
| 4 | PM-4 | 20 | 38 | 10 | 7 | 34.81% |
| 5 | Brassin+cyanamide | 100 | 23 | 6 | 5 | 18.48% |
| 6 | Brassin+cyanamide | 20 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 9.76% |
| 7 | 50% cyanamide | 40 | 42 | 15 | 8 | 36.72% |
| 8 | CK | — | 5 | 1 | — | 3.57% |
Cherry germination is respectively processed during table 9 the 30th day
3.2 interpretation of result
Data as can be seen from table 8: PM-3-20 × dormancy effect is broken compared to PM-3-100 × better effects if to cherry, same, PM-4-20 × broken dormancy effect be also better than PM-4-100 ×.
As can be seen from table 8 and table 9 all, PM-3-20 × with PM-4-20 × basic identical with 50% cyanamide AS agent effective to the broken dormancy effect of cherry.
4 conclusion (of pressure testing)s
Breaking fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy in all process in the test of cherry bud dormancy indoor biometrics, to dilute 20 times of effects best, similar with effect contrast medicament 50% cyanamide AS, and grow cherry and have no adverse effects.
Embodiment 4 fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention breaks dormancy experiment-peach
1 materials and methods
1.1 test material
For studying thing: peach 80 5 years raw fruit branches, often organize 10 fruit branches, every upper 5-8 sprout;
1.2 reagent agent
Experimental group: PM-3, PM-4
Control group: brassin+cyanamide, 50% cyanamide AS(Aladdin reagent)
1.3 spraying time
Carry out decontamination process after being fetched by peach branch, then carry out dispenser, application method, for dip medicament with writing brush, is applied in sleeping bud.
2 experimental scheme
2.1 chemicals treatment
Medicament numbering and concentration are in table 10.
Table 10
| Numbering | Medicament | Extension rate | Consumption (mL/g) | Peach bud quantity |
| 1 | PM-5 | 100 | 10 | 69 |
| 2 | PM-5 | 20 | 10 | 59 |
| 3 | PM-6 | 100 | 10 | 76 |
| 4 | PM-6 | 20 | 10 | 55 |
| 5 | Brassin+cyanamide | 100 | 10 | 64 |
| 6 | Brassin+cyanamide | 20 | 10 | 77 |
| 7 | 50% cyanamide | 40 | 10 | 57 |
| 8 | CK | Clear water | 10 | 74 |
2.2 Quarter Design
4 process are established in this test, 3 other medicament contrasts, 1 clear water contrast, totally 8 communities.Each community randomized arrangement, community distribution design table is in table 11.
Table 11
| 5 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
2.3 test method
2.3.1 peach branch gathers
Gather peach branch and be biennial above female branch, peach 80 5 years raw fruit branches, every upper 5-8 sprout, after taking back, get full hibernaculum deionized water clean after, blotting paper blots, for testing.
2.3.2 medicament and temperature control process
Dip each group of medicament in table 10 with writing brush, smear by the peach twig of the design in table 10 to every community, in the present embodiment, all process are all carried out in room temperature.
3 test results and analysis
3.1 result of the test
To the 4th day after first day process, each group peach branch does not have anything to change, and within the 32nd day, adjusts the result examined respectively in table 12 and table 13 with the 38th day.
Peach germination is respectively processed during table 12 the 32nd day
| Numbering | Medicament | Extension rate | Sprout/ | Germinate/ | Come into leaves/ | Germination rate/% |
| 1 | PM-5 | 100 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 17.39% |
| 2 | PM-5 | 20 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 37.29% |
| 3 | PM-6 | 100 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 17.11% |
| 4 | PM-6 | 20 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 38.18% |
| 5 | Brassin+cyanamide | 100 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 15.63% |
| 6 | Brassin+cyanamide | 20 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 11.69% |
| 7 | 50% cyanamide | 40 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 40.35% |
| 8 | CK | — | 3 | 2 | - | 6.76% |
Peach germination is respectively processed during table 13 the 38th day
3.2 interpretation of result
Data as can be seen from table 12: PM-3-20 × dormancy effect is broken compared to PM-3-100 × better effects if to peach, same, PM-4-20 × broken dormancy effect be also better than PM-4-100 ×.
As can be seen from table 12 and table 13 all, PM-3-20 × with PM-4-20 × basic identical with 50% cyanamide AS agent effective to the broken dormancy effect of peach.
4 conclusion (of pressure testing)s
Breaking fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy in all process in the test of peach bud dormancy indoor biometrics, to dilute 20 times of effects best, similar with effect contrast medicament 50% cyanamide AS, and grow peach and have no adverse effects.
The broken common deciduous fruit tree such as experiment-walnut, pomegranate that sleeps of embodiment 5 fruit tree of the present invention chemicals for breaking dormancy
Adopt the method as described in embodiment 2 ~ 4, utilize the test medicine in table 1, inventor has carried out broken dormancy test to the deciduous fruit tree that walnut, pomegranate etc. are common, find breaking in the experiment of the common deciduous fruit tree sleeping bud such as walnut, pomegranate indoor biometrics, in all process, to dilute 20 times of effects best for fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy, similar with the effect contrasting medicament 50% cyanamide AS, and peach growth is had no adverse effects.
Claims (9)
1. fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy, is characterized in that: its active component is made up of the component of following weight portion: allicin 5 ~ 20 weight portion, extractive of perilla 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight portion, and wherein, described extractive of perilla is perilla alcohol extract.
2. fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: its active component is made up of the component of following weight portion: allicin 15 weight portion, extractive of perilla 0.2 weight portion, and wherein, described extractive of perilla is perilla alcohol extract.
3. the fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy according to any one of claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy is microemulsion.
4. fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy described in any one of claims 1 to 3 is breaking the application in fruit tree dormancy.
5. fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy according to claim 4 is breaking the application in fruit tree dormancy, it is characterized in that: described fruit tree is deciduous fruit tree.
6. fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy according to claim 5 is breaking the application in fruit tree dormancy, it is characterized in that: described fruit tree is grape, cherry, peach, walnut, pomegranate.
7. the fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy according to any one of claim 4 ~ 6 is breaking the application in fruit tree dormancy, it is characterized in that: during application, and being diluted with water to allicin concentration is 0.1 ~ 1wt%.
8. fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy according to claim 7 is breaking the application in fruit tree dormancy, it is characterized in that: during application, and being diluted with water to allicin concentration is 0.15 ~ 0.75wt%.
9. the fruit tree chemicals for breaking dormancy according to any one of claim 4 ~ 8 is breaking the application in fruit tree dormancy, it is characterized in that: described in be applied as spray or be applied in sleeping bud.
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Address after: 611630 No. five, No. 35 Industrial Road, Heshan Town, Pujiang County, Sichuan, Chengdu Patentee after: Chengdu new Chaoyang Crop Science Co., Ltd Address before: 611630 No. five, No. 35 Industrial Road, Heshan Town, Pujiang County, Sichuan, Chengdu Patentee before: CHENGDU NEWSUN CROPSCIENCE Co.,Ltd. |