CN103635640B - 墙壁系统 - Google Patents

墙壁系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103635640B
CN103635640B CN201280033065.5A CN201280033065A CN103635640B CN 103635640 B CN103635640 B CN 103635640B CN 201280033065 A CN201280033065 A CN 201280033065A CN 103635640 B CN103635640 B CN 103635640B
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concrete
foam
flange
embedded
bracket
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CN103635640A (zh
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迈克尔·尼曼
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Hukka technology company
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HERCUWALL Inc
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    • E04B2/56Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/64Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of concrete
    • E04B2/68Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of concrete made by filling-up wall cavities
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    • E04B1/165Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with elongated load-supporting parts, cast in situ
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Abstract

一种墙壁系统,包括多个墙板。该墙板由多个泡沫段以及多个紧固条制成,这些泡沫段被设定大小以留下多个空穴,混凝土稍后被浇筑到空穴中,每一个泡沫段具有内部表面和外部表面以及两个侧。紧固条是纵向金属条,这些纵向金属条位于两个泡沫段的这些侧之间。每一个紧固条具有两个纵向紧固条,这两个纵向紧固条垂直地附接到纵向金属条,并且这些紧固条邻近于这两个泡沫段的外部表面。该紧固条还具有:位于该纵向紧固条中的多个隙孔;从与紧固条相对的边缘突出的多个嵌入凸片,每一个嵌入凸片具有至少一个孔,以及在每一对嵌入凸片之间的泡沫凸片,该泡沫凸片将泡沫段的两个内部侧固持在适当位置并且使泡沫段与将浇筑到模板中的混凝土部分地分离。

Description

墙壁系统
技术领域
本发明是关于隔热墙壁系统,并且更具体是关于一种包括多个泡沫墙板的墙壁系统,这些泡沫墙板通过嵌入在多个混凝土墙筋中的多个紧固条以及在原位形成于这些墙板内的多个梁而连接在一起。
背景技术
尤其在北美,单户和多户住宅以及轻型商业房屋建筑已经主要用木框架或混凝土块技术来构造。这两种方法在二十世纪的大部分时间中都提供了安全、牢固、经济并且符合规范的结构。然而,逐渐增长的人口、世界木材和能源的压力、以及由于常规结构的相对短的生存周期而不断增加的用于垃圾填埋的陆地资源,都已经造成了总体上的社会和房屋建筑工业重新考虑新的建筑可再循环性以及耐久性或延长许多的生存周期,而全部成本是基于初期成本和占用率成本两者而可以承担的。另外,新的建筑技术必须是可以缩放的。已经开发许多新的方法来解决这些关键问题中的一个或多个问题,但是几乎没有方法能解决所有这些问题。多数方法成本较高、或者对于大量实现是并不实际的。
一种高效的建筑物外体已经被证明是最具成本效益的方法,它能够使一个建筑物结构的总体效率最大,并且在该结构的寿命中持续保持能量成本较低。该建筑物外体在内部的受调节空间与室外环境之间提供了屏障。一个建筑物外体的能量效率是用两种方法来测量:隔热的效率,以及使得穿过该建筑物外体的空气渗入和空气泄漏最小的效率。一个结构的多个外壁是建筑物外体的总体能量效率的关键部分和重要贡献者。
混凝土墙壁和地板构造在世界上大部分地方对于所有类型的结构都已经是一种长期标准建筑材料。在过去的25年中,隔热混凝土模板(ICF)系统主要在北美已经流行并得到广泛接受和使用。ICF系统提供了一种建造现场浇筑混凝土墙壁而不需要使用资本密集并且劳力密集的永久混凝土模板的方法,但总体上ICF技术并未充分解决可缩放性和可承受性的问题。具体来说,当前的ICF系统要求受过训练的安装者并且浇筑大量的混凝土。
发明内容
一种预制墙板具有:a.多个泡沫段,这些泡沫段被设定大小以留下多个空穴,混凝土稍后被浇筑到这些空穴中,每一个泡沫段具有一个内部表面和一个外部表面以及两个侧;以及b.多个金属条,这些金属条包括i.一个纵向金属条,该纵向金属条位于两个泡沫段的这些侧之间,ii.两个纵向紧固条,这两个纵向紧固条垂直地附接到一个纵向金属条上,这些紧固条邻近于这两个泡沫段的该外部表面;ii.在该纵向金属条中的多个隙孔;iii.多个嵌入凸片,这些嵌入凸片从与这些紧固条相对的边缘突出;iv.每一嵌入凸片具有至少一个孔;v.在每一对嵌入凸片之间,一个泡沫凸片用于将这两个内部泡沫段固持在适当位置,并且使泡沫与将浇筑到一个模板中的混凝土部分地分离。
一种部分地预制的墙壁系统由多个墙板制成,每一个面板由以下各项制造:i.多个泡沫段,这些泡沫段被设定大小以留下多个空穴,混凝土稍后被浇筑到这些空穴中,每一个泡沫段具有一个内部表面和一个外部表面以及两个侧;ii.多个金属条,这些金属条被制造有a)一个纵向金属条,该纵向金属条位于两个泡沫段的这些侧之间,b)两个纵向紧固条,这两个纵向紧固条垂直地附接到一个纵向金属条上,这些紧固条邻近于这两个泡沫段的该外部表面;c)在该纵向金属条中的多个隙孔;d)多个嵌入凸片,这些嵌入凸片从与这些紧固条相对的边缘突出;e)每一嵌入凸片具有至少一个孔;f)在每一对嵌入凸片之间,一个泡沫凸片用于将这两个内部泡沫段固持在适当位置,并且使泡沫与将浇筑到一个模板中的混凝土部分地分离。该系统还具有:一条轨道,这些墙板的一个末端安置于该轨道中;一个帽,该帽配合在多个墙板的上部末端上;以及混凝土,该混凝土被浇筑到这些面板的顶部中以填充这些面板中的这些空穴。
附图说明
为了进一步理解本发明的目的和优点,应当参考以下结合附图做出的详细说明,附图中相同部分被给定相同参考标号,并且附图中:
图1a、图1b和图1c从顶部(图1a)、从外部或内部(图1b)以及从侧视图(图1c)示出了用本发明系统建造的一个墙壁的最终外观;
图2a和图2b是作为本发明墙壁的核心的本发明的紧固条的各种视图。图2a是该条的侧面透视图,示出了嵌入在混凝土中以代替钢筋的预制钩和凸片;图2b是俯视图。
图3是在面板被设立并且混凝土墙筋和梁处于适当位置之后墙壁的一部分的透视剖面图;
图4是在面板被设立、混凝土墙筋和梁形成并且一个窗被安装之后墙壁的窗部分的透视剖面图;并且
图5a和图5b分别是在构造好的墙壁中处于适当位置的窗的正视图和侧视图。
具体实施方式
本系统提供了一种对原地浇筑混凝度墙壁、混凝土倾斜墙壁、加强混凝土地板系统以及加强混凝土平面或倾斜屋顶系统进行加强的高效方法。这些应用中的每一种应用所共同的是使用了刚性泡沫材料(典型地为膨胀性聚苯乙烯或EPS),该材料代替了临时现场构造的基于胶合板的框架结构或可装卸式金属模板而用作浇筑混凝土模板的材料。这些EPS模板在混凝土已经安置并固化之后保留在适当位置,从而对结构提供高效的刚性泡沫隔热。合适的泡沫的其他实例包括但不限于挤塑聚苯乙烯(XPS)、聚氨酯、聚异三聚氰酸脂、聚苯乙烯以及这些的组合。
本新型系统还节省了大量的劳力,因为已经将墙板设计成合并有两个浇筑的水平混凝土梁。这不仅节省了钢筋购买,而且节省了安置钢筋所需的劳力。这两个水平混凝土梁增加了墙壁的强度,使得用本新型系统建造的墙壁能够承受恶劣天气。通过这些革新,可以用较少金钱和较少时间来建造一个安全、安静、持久的混凝土房屋(或其他建筑物)。
图1到图3中示出了基本系统。图1a是一个部分构造的面板50的俯视图,示出了刚性泡沫材料1,除了多个纵向通道2之外该刚性泡沫材料构成该面板的大部分,混凝土被现场浇筑而形成多个混凝土墙筋22、一个上部混凝土梁20以及一个下部混凝土梁21。面板50的任一侧包括多个凹口14,用于将多个邻近的面板压在一起而得到紧密配合。多个紧固条3连接着刚性泡沫材料1。如图1b中可见(墙板50的正视图),刚性泡沫材料1和紧固条3延伸了该面板的高度。多个额外的内部泡沫嵌件28安置于用来形成一个墙板50的这两个泡沫面板1之间,从而产生多个纵向通道2。这些内部泡沫嵌件28总体上短于泡沫面板1的高度,从而产生一个上部通道5和一个下部通道6。图1c是一个面板50的侧视图,示出了泡沫材料1和上部通道4,该上部通道稍后被填充混凝土而在墙壁的长度的顶部处产生一个连续的上部梁20。同样,在面板50的底部处的下部通道5被填充混凝土而形成延行墙壁的长度的下部梁22。
本技术的独特之处在于使用了多个单件式成形金属紧固条3,这些紧固条部分地连接到混凝土上并嵌入在混凝土中。图2a和图2b示出了紧固条3的两个视图。紧固条3包括一个第一凸缘6,和第二凸缘10以及一个第三凸缘19。第一凸缘6和第二凸缘10总体上彼此平行,而第三凸缘19总体上垂直于第一凸缘6和第二凸缘10而定位。紧固条3总体上被配置为一种背靠背“C”形通道的组件,多个泡沫面板1安置于这些通道中。第一凸缘6可以用作一个紧固表面6a,用于干饰面内墙、侧板、灰泥、砖块或石头以及用于壁挂式橱柜和栏顶板的连接点。第一凸缘6被定为成与泡沫材料1的外表面齐平或近似齐平。可以用防水或不透水的带子覆盖紧固表面6a以完成墙壁。在工厂,将紧固条3插入到EPS泡沫面板1中并且定位,使得紧固条3平行于面板50的垂直轴线而行进。第二凸缘10可以被形成为如图2a所示的一系列小段10a、10b等等,或可以被形成为单个连续件。在图2a和图3所示的实施例中,一系列嵌入凸片8以总体上垂直方式突出越过第二凸缘10的表面。一旦面板50组装好,嵌入凸片8便突出到将浇筑混凝土的空穴中。
嵌入凸片8任选地配备有单个或优选两个附接孔9,多个钩11可以通过将钩固持器上的多个旋钮插入到附接孔9中而附接到这些附接孔上。这些钩子11任选地在工厂定位到混凝土空穴4和5中(图1c)以用于在面板原位直立之后安置钢筋。这些嵌入凸片8可以沿着紧固条3的垂直轴线并且垂直于水平轴线而均匀地间隔。第三凸缘19可以包括一个或多个孔7,这些孔可以用来延伸电布线、管道或适于定位在墙壁内部的任何其他事物。
本发明还有的独特之处在于使用了这些紧固条3来用作混凝土的拉力钢筋,从而消除了对混凝土墙壁系统典型地需要的大多数常规垂直加强筋(钢筋)的需要。混凝土墙筋22中的拉伸负荷经由与紧固条3成一体的嵌入凸片8转移到垂直紧固条3。这种加强混凝土的方法允许在混凝土之外并在与完全嵌入于混凝土内的常规加强筋相比可得到较大机械优点的位置处抵消拉伸负荷。因此,本发明的墙壁以较少混凝土得到了增加的强度。混凝土与部分嵌入的紧固条3的组合得到了一种复合组件。因为在现场执行较少的钢筋安装,所以在建造含有这些紧固条3的墙壁时的劳力、材料和时间较少。
特定来说,紧固条3是本发明的重要部件,因为它们在发明内用于几个目的。举例来说,紧固条3在第一凸缘6的外侧上提供一个紧固表面6a,用于例如灰泥(具有金属丝网)、侧板、砖块和石头层板的内部和外部饰面上的例如干饰面内墙和石膏板等材料。在发明的原地浇筑混凝土墙壁的情况下,紧固条3从墙板的底部垂直地延伸到墙板模板的顶部,并在墙壁的内侧上和交替地在墙壁的外侧上延伸。
如下文更详细阐释,本技术的部件,包括但不限于墙壁并可适应于地板和天花板/屋顶,全部共享本发明的一体式加强与紧固系统(图1a到图3)的使用,该系统通过将拉伸负荷转移到与墙壁系统的混凝土部件连接并部分地嵌入其中的成形紧固条3而消除了对浇筑混凝土墙壁和地板系统内的大多数常规钢筋的需要。除了对混凝土提供拉伸加强之外,紧固条3还将泡沫材料/面板1定位并固持在适当位置,并且充当混凝土与泡沫材料/面板之间的连接器。这些条还充当一个用于内部和外部层板表面的紧固点,并充当用于橱柜、电气箱、管道和其他机械项目的安装点。
本发明的另一个重要发明性方面是一种计算机化设计和制造系统与结构分析系统,该系统准确地并有效地产生一个由一系列互锁的墙板部件组成的墙壁建筑物套件,这些墙板部件被制造成满足一个建筑物外体的特定建筑设计和工程化参数。这些套件包括用于笔直和弯曲墙壁段的预切墙壁高度面板、被设定大小以配合在窗和门周围以及任何角度的拐角周围的面板。该计算机化软件设计系统与一个计算机化制造系统集成,从而产生一个精密、准确并且经济的最终产品。这些建筑物外体套件是为了只经过最少训练的一般建筑劳力容易进行安装而设计。技术熟练的劳力是不需要的,因为面板部件被制造成避免面板系统的现场修改,只需要一些基本工具。
本发明的核心技术以及本发明的每一种应用所共同的是具有一系列用于多种目的的成形紧固条3的面板50。紧固条3优选地是由轻量型钢制成,并且总体上被配置为一种背靠背“C”形通道的组件,这些通道具有一系列金属嵌入凸片8,这些嵌入凸片从仅在该组件的一侧上的两个“C”通道之间的接点突出。该两件式组件是点焊在一起,铆接在一起,或以另外方式永久附接在一起。一种替代的设计是以单件式制造和成形的条组件。该单件式替代方案不需要铆钉,并且这些嵌入凸片8是由同一件材料形成。紧固条也可以由其他类型的金属、结构塑料、复合物和类似物制成。
嵌入凸片8经过设计和定位,使得在将混凝土浇筑到模板中时,凸片8由混凝土围绕,并且当混凝土固化时,在混凝土与凸片之间产生一种永久结合,进而将该条组件永久地结合到混凝土上。这些凸片8被设计成允许混凝土机械地抓在凸片8上并且将这些凸片永久地固持在适当位置。通过嵌入凸片8,固化的混凝土与条3形成一种机械结合。混凝土与条3之间的这种结合允许混凝土内的拉伸负荷从混凝土转移到这些条。在适当工程化后,混凝土墙筋22和梁20、21与紧固条3的组合形成一种复合系统,其中混凝土用作复合组件的压缩部件,并且紧固条3用作该组件的拉伸构件。紧固条3用作浇筑混凝土墙壁内的垂直加强件,从而消除了大部分对常规钢筋的需要。
我们对这种复合系统的初步结构分析表明,在与利用常规钢筋加强而建造的一个墙壁相比,一个墙壁可以变强40%,同时使用少30%的混凝土。这种显著改进是来自该复合组件的拉伸构件(紧固条3)在混凝土外实现最大机械优点之处的最佳安置。
在本发明的墙壁系统中,紧固条3提供了对系统内的常规垂直加强筋的代替,提供了用来填充泡沫材料/面板1中的垂直凹槽的一种接合条和密封,并且提供了用于例如干饰面内墙、侧板和其他表面等内部和外部层板表面的一个紧固表面6a以及用于橱柜、电气箱、管道和其他机械项目的多个安装孔/点7。紧固条3从墙壁模板面板50的基底延伸到该墙壁模板面板的顶部,并且位于单独的混凝土墙筋22的中心线上,其中每个混凝土墙筋22定位有一个条3。这些条3彼此平行,并且总体上从墙壁的内侧到外侧是交替的,使得在墙壁系统的每一侧上的条的间距是规则间隔的,从而促进干饰面内墙在内部上的安装以及其他饰面在外部上的安装。
实例1.用于墙壁系统的面板化泡沫模板
本发明的建筑物系统是由轻型墙板50(含有多个空穴,混凝土浇筑在这些空穴中)制成。宽度为4英尺并且高度为8英尺的面板50的优选重量是大约60磅。这可以由一个或两个工人来容易地管理。一个两人小组是优选的,因为轻型面板50会受到微风的影响。总体上,单独面板内的空穴(例如,纵向通道2、上部通道4以及下部通道5)经过设计,使得混凝土在浇筑和固化之后的所得形状导致在墙壁的底部21和顶部20处的一种连续水平结合梁,其中规则间隔的垂直混凝土柱/墙筋22毗邻于下部水平梁21和上部水平梁20。这些混凝土墙筋和梁的形状可以是正方形的、圆形或圆化的、矩形的、梯形的,或甚至是多面形状,或者这些的组合。
面板化。泡沫模板是根据在建筑物规划中指定的墙壁的高度来制造。举例来说,如果建筑规划指明9’墙壁高度,那么面板模板部件将制造成9’高。在高度上高于一层楼的墙壁可以通过将多层面板堆叠在彼此之上来构造。如果墙壁长度不是4英尺的倍数,那么提供一个较窄的面板。
定制的。每一个模板面板50是定制制造的,并且对于一个给定结构的建筑物规划是特定的。每一个面板50被设计成配合在正被构造的一个或多个墙壁中的一个特定位置内,并且每一个面板或每一组面板被设计成形成多个笔直墙壁段、弯曲墙壁段、拐角、窗开口和/或门开口,以便精确地匹配施工图中指定的希望的最终墙壁配置。换句话说,一系列面板50是针对每一次单独安装而制造,并且因此,这个系列的面板形成一个“套件”,该套件被装运到工作地点并且按顺序设立而形成希望的墙壁配置。
结构。在墙壁内由面板50形成的最终混凝土结构的配置不是一个实心混凝土墙壁,而是由在墙壁的底部处的一个混凝土基底梁或边21、在墙壁的顶部处的一个混凝土结合梁20以及在该边与该结合梁之间的多个垂直混凝土柱22组成。该系统允许将窗和门开口安置于系统内的任一点处,并且所有窗和门开口都由混凝土围绕。
紧固条。用于将饰面附接到系统上的多个垂直紧固的紧固条6(“条”)是与系统成一体的。这些条为内部上的干饰面内墙和橱柜以及外部上的灰泥、侧板、砖块和石头层板提供了一个硬紧固点6a。这些条与模板的表面齐平或近似齐平,并且可以改变它们的间距以适应用于干饰面内墙和其他材料的最大可允许跨度。
与将额外木板放在窗和门周围的木房屋相反,本发明设计了紧固条3,其中成对的条3安置在窗和门的周围。成对的条通过多个片段/间隔件17而彼此附接,这些片段/间隔件的末端具有插入到钩孔9中的短柱。所有窗和门开口都由金属或塑料紧固条3围绕以促进这些开口的完成。
实例2.墙壁系统的安装
图3到图4示出了一个墙壁的剖视图,并且可以促进对安装的理解。在底部是底板27,一条金属轨道13位于该底板上。钢筋15嵌入在底板27中并且刺穿轨道13。一条金属轨道13或多个平行的保持角钢也紧固到一个底脚、干壁或底板27。这条轨道13界定了墙壁的位置,并且接纳轻型面板的底部末端1a。钢筋15或类似材料提供了墙壁与基础或底板之间的一种连接方式。这些项目的安置、大小和位置是通过结构工程化规划预先确定的,并且在浇筑基础和底板之前或浇筑基础和底板时放置于混凝土内。
轻型泡沫面板50的底部末端1a是根据建筑物规划和工作地点图式而在基础上的金属轨道13内设定于适当位置。面板已经被标记,使得安装者可以识别面板部件以及它们在工程图上的定位和相对于其他部件的定位面板50是对准的并且拉直的。每一个面板1的侧面具有多个凹口14,因此这些面板紧密地配合在一起。
金属帽12安装在墙壁的顶部处。这些帽12优选地是以10’或比若干面板50的组合宽度长的长度来制造,并且用以对准多个面板并确保较笔直的墙壁。这些帽12是轻型金属“C”通道,被设计成在墙壁的内部和外部侧的顶部上配合在泡沫模板的顶部上。这些帽12可以经过切割以覆盖较短的墙壁或填入较长的墙壁中的间隙中。这些帽12还可以由其他金属、塑料和复合材料形成。
墙板50的若干段与底部轨道13以及连同顶部帽12一起对准。这些顶部帽12螺旋到适当位置中,同时与撑杆(未图示)的安装交替,它们是投掷器,典型地从墙壁的顶部延伸到结构的外部上的一个地砧或者连到墙壁的内侧上的底板或基础上。优选地在每一个拐角处在两个方向上并且在任一墙壁段的长度上以最大10’间距存在一个撑杆。撑杆或投掷器应当具有一个直插式螺旋扣,用于最终的墙壁调整。
每一个泡沫模板在要求的地方或如一个特定工程的结构工程化规划所指定而制造有用于垂直钢筋柱或墙筋的多个导向件(未图示)以及用于水平钢筋的多个钩16。这些导向件和钩16有助于定位安置钢筋的地方,并且还用作关于在何处安置钢筋的一个视觉线索。这些导向件和钩是根据结构工程化要求在制造过程期间安装在每一个模板面板50部件内。总体上,在每一个拐角中以及在每一个混凝土墙筋22中在窗和门开口的旁边存在一个额外的紧固条3。这些导向件和钩16还使得在浇筑混凝土之前检查员容易看出系统中任何丢失的钢筋,因为空的钩和导向件是容易识别的。因为这些钩16和导向件足够强而能够抵抗混凝土浇筑的力来保持钢筋的位置,所以不需要额外的扎钢筋,从而避免了将钢筋扎在一起的劳力、材料和成本。
一种具有预定强度和规范的混凝土浆料是从墙壁的顶部被泵送到墙板50中。一种优选的混凝土混合物在软管的排放端在4’到5’的坍塌度下的屈服强度为3,000PSI。本发明还推荐使用一种具有最大2”递送线路的液压组泵,来促进对混凝土的容易并且安全的处置。在混凝土被泵送到面板模板50中时,混凝土被振动以使墙壁系统内的任何空穴或滞留空气最少。混凝土和钢筋形成了墙壁的结构部件,并且起初用作混凝土模板的泡沫材料/面板1现在停驻在适当位置并且充当墙壁隔热件以及用于内部和外部饰面的一个安装表面。
在混凝土充分固化之后,可以移除之前安装的任何撑杆,并且施工可以继续。
实例3.安装窗
图4和图5示出了本发明墙壁系统中在原位的一个窗24。窗开口的侧面已经为该窗预制,并且需要完成的只是在窗槛内以及饰面槛外安装窗。在图4中所示的局部窗的右上部是两对紧固条3,并且在它们之间是一个双宽度混凝土墙筋23。在窗开口的下部边缘处,存在两个横向面对的紧固条14,它们由一个片段/间隔件17连接并且由泡沫面板1围绕,这些泡沫面板构成了用于窗下方的混凝土槛25的模板。窗和门开口总体上是利用一个临时胶合板或金属块而“被补偿”,该临时胶合板或金属块是在工厂安装的,作为制造过程的一部分。补偿的目的是在正在安置混凝土的同时对窗开口提供增加的强度,以及确定开口的最终尺寸。在混凝土被安置并且充分固化之后,窗和门补偿块被移除并且返回到制造商供重新使用,并且使用一个头部紧固表面18和侧柱紧固表面29来将窗或门安装在开口内。可以包括一个窗槛26来完成窗24,并且使用一个外部槛紧固表面30和内部槛紧固表面31来将窗24固定在适当位置。
虽然本文已经展示和描述了特定实施例,但本领域的普通技术人员将了解到,经过计算以实现相同目的的任何安排都可以代替所示的特定实施例。本披露希望涵盖对本发明的各种实施例的任何以及所有适配或变化。应当了解,以上说明是用说明性方式而不是限制性方式来进行的。本领域的普通技术人员在审阅以上说明之后将明白以上实施例以及本文未特定说明的其他实施例的组合。本发明的各种实施例的范围包含使用了以上结构和方法的任何其他应用。因此,本发明的各种实施例的范围应该参照所附权利要求连同这些权利要求有资格考虑的等效物的全部范围来确定。
在以上说明中,如果为了使本披露流畅的目的而在单个实施例中将各种特征分组在一起,那么本披露的方法不应当被解释为反映的意图是本发明的所要求实施例需要比每一权利要求中明确陈述的特征更多的特征。而是,如以下权利要求书所反映的,本发明的主题不在于单个披露的实施例的所有特征。因此以下权利要求以及稍后可能添加的此类其他权利要求由此合并到本发明的实施例的说明中,其中每一条权利要求独立地代表一个单独的优选实施例。

Claims (13)

1.一种预制墙板,包括:
a.多个泡沫段,这些泡沫段被设定大小以留下多个空穴,混凝土稍后被浇筑到这些空穴中,每一个泡沫段具有一个内部表面和一个外部表面以及两个侧;以及
b.多个金属条,这些金属条包括:
i.一个纵向金属条,该纵向金属条位于两个泡沫段的这些侧之间,
ii.两个纵向紧固条,该两个纵向紧固条垂直地附接到一个纵向金属条上,该两个纵向紧固条邻近于该两个泡沫段的外部表面;
iii.在该纵向金属条中的多个隙孔;
iv.多个嵌入凸片,这些嵌入凸片从与该两个纵向紧固条相对的边缘突出;
v.每一嵌入凸片具有至少一个孔;
ⅵ.在每一对嵌入凸片之间设置有一个泡沫凸片以将两个内部泡沫段固持在适当位置并且使泡沫与将浇筑到一个模板中的混凝土部分地分离。
2.一种部分地预制的墙壁系统,包括:
a.多个墙板,每一个墙板包括:
i.多个泡沫段,这些泡沫段被设定大小以留下多个空穴,混凝土稍后被浇筑到这些空穴中,每一个泡沫段具有一个内部表面和一个外部表面以及两个侧;
ii.多个金属条,这些金属条包括:
a)一个纵向金属条,该纵向金属条位于两个泡沫段的这些侧之间,
b)两个纵向紧固条,该两个纵向紧固条垂直地附接到一个纵向金属条上,该两个纵向紧固条邻近于该两个泡沫段的外部表面;
c)在该纵向金属条中的多个隙孔;
d)多个嵌入凸片,这些嵌入凸片从与该两个纵向紧固条相对的边缘突出;
e)每一嵌入凸片具有至少一个孔;
f)在每一对嵌入凸片之间设置有一个泡沫凸片以将两个内部泡沫段固持在适当位置并且使泡沫与将浇筑到一个模板中的混凝土部分地分离;
b.一条轨道,这些墙板的一个末端安置于该轨道中;
c.一个帽,该帽配合在多个墙板的上部末端上;以及
d.混凝土,该混凝土被浇筑到这些墙板的顶部中以填充这些墙板中的这些空穴。
3.一种隔热墙壁系统,包括:
a)多个预制面板,这些预制面板由两件泡沫材料或更多件泡沫材料以及一个或多个紧固条构成,该泡沫材料具有一个上部末端、一个下部末端、一个内表面、一个外表面,该两件泡沫材料是间隔开的并且彼此平行而形成被安置于该泡沫材料的邻近内表面内的至少一个纵向通道,该紧固条纵向地安置于这些件泡沫材料中的一者的一个侧边缘上,每一件泡沫材料进一步包括用以将两件泡沫材料固持在一起的至少一个凹口,每一紧固条包括一个第一凸缘和一个第二凸缘,该第一凸缘和该第二凸缘彼此平行地安置并且通过垂直于该第一凸缘和第二凸缘而安置的一个连接凸缘而连接,该第一凸缘、该连接凸缘以及该第二凸缘形成两个邻近的C形通道,每一个C形通道具有安置于其中的一件泡沫材料,该紧固条进一步包括从该第二凸缘垂直地延伸的一个或多个嵌入凸片、以及安置于该泡沫材料的该上部末端上并包住该泡沫材料和紧固条两者的一个或多个刚性通道;
b)一个或多个保持轨道,这些保持轨道被固定到一个底板或底脚上并且被设定大小以保持这些预制面板中的一个或多个预制面板的底部末端;以及
c)一个或多个混凝土柱,这些混凝土柱安置在这些预制面板中的该纵向通道内,其中该嵌入凸片嵌入在该混凝土柱内,并且至少该第二凸缘和泡沫材料的邻近内表面与该混凝土柱成物理接触。
4.如权利要求3所述的隔热墙壁系统,进一步包括额外的泡沫,该额外的泡沫安置于该泡沫材料的内表面之间以形成围绕该紧固条的该嵌入凸片定中心的一个纵向通道。
5.如权利要求3所述的隔热墙壁系统,进一步包括额外的泡沫,该额外的泡沫安置于该泡沫材料的内表面之间以形成位于该泡沫材料的顶部末端处的一个水平通道以及位于这些泡沫材料的底部处的一个水平通道,位于该泡沫材料的顶部末端处的该水平通道和位于这些泡沫材料的底部处的该水平通道两者与该纵向通道处于流体连通,其中一个上部混凝土梁安置于位于该泡沫材料的顶部末端处的该水平通道内,并且一个下部混凝土梁安置于位于这些泡沫材料的底部处的该水平通道内。
6.如权利要求5所述的隔热墙壁系统,其中该混凝土柱、该上部混凝土梁和该下部混凝土梁是通过将一种混凝土浆料浇筑到该纵向通道、位于该泡沫材料的顶部末端处的该水平通道和位于这些泡沫材料的底部处的该水平通道中而在原位形成。
7.如权利要求3所述的隔热墙壁系统,其中该第二凸缘由两个或更多个平坦面板组成,这些平坦面板沿着该连接凸缘的纵向轴线成一系列而垂直于该连接凸缘安置,其中该嵌入凸片安置于两个平坦面板之间。
8.如权利要求7所述的隔热墙壁系统,其中该嵌入凸片具有一个或多个附接孔,并且一个钩借助该附接孔附接到嵌入凸片上。
9.如权利要求8所述的隔热墙壁系统,其中该钩被配置成用来固持钢筋。
10.如权利要求3所述的隔热墙壁系统,其中该紧固条的该第一凸缘与这些泡沫材料的外表面齐平。
11.如权利要求6所述的隔热墙壁系统,其中一个完整墙壁是使用固定在该保持轨道内的多个预制面板而构造的并且包括该上部混凝土梁、该下部混凝土梁以及至少两个混凝土柱,该至少两个混凝土柱各自邻近于该墙壁的一个纵向侧面端而定位。
12.如权利要求11所述的隔热墙壁系统,其中位于该墙壁的侧面端处的这些混凝土柱是使用两个邻近的紧固条形成的,其中来自每一个紧固条的该嵌入凸片嵌入在位于该墙壁的侧面端处的该混凝土柱内。
13.如权利要求11所述的隔热墙壁系统,其中一个窗是使用邻近于该窗的一个纵向侧定位的一个混凝土柱和水平地安置并邻近于该窗的一个底部端定位的两个水平紧固条安装在该墙壁内,该两个水平紧固条彼此邻近,其中多个嵌入凸片延伸到由邻近的紧固条产生的空间内,该两个水平紧固条是通过一个扳手连接在一起,该两个水平紧固条各自具有安置于该第一凸缘与该第二凸缘之间的泡沫材料,并且一个水平混凝土槛安置于该泡沫材料的内表面之间。
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US20140026508A1 (en) 2014-01-30
US9175466B2 (en) 2015-11-03
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WO2012167270A1 (en) 2012-12-06
US10151106B2 (en) 2018-12-11
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US9097009B2 (en) 2015-08-04
US20170081847A1 (en) 2017-03-23
CN106703281B (zh) 2019-04-12
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CN106703281A (zh) 2017-05-24

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