CN103624379A - 一种铝合金对接接头的mig补焊方法 - Google Patents
一种铝合金对接接头的mig补焊方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103624379A CN103624379A CN201310517141.6A CN201310517141A CN103624379A CN 103624379 A CN103624379 A CN 103624379A CN 201310517141 A CN201310517141 A CN 201310517141A CN 103624379 A CN103624379 A CN 103624379A
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- mig
- butt joint
- repair
- aluminum alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 210000001503 Joints Anatomy 0.000 title abstract 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000538562 Banjos Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010011376 Crepitations Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000939 field's metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝合金对接接头的MIG补焊方法，包括以下步骤：1)将原对接接头的焊缝部分的距熔合线0～2mm的部分用机械加工的方法去除掉，使之拆分成两部分；2)将上述两部分工件在水平台上进行对接，使之前后没有错位，用夹持工具夹持紧并进行点固；3)调节MIG焊机焊枪装置与水平工件的夹角至50～70°，MIG焊机焊枪的焊嘴送丝的同时喷射出保护气体，焊枪焊接速度为0.35～0.56m/min，所述保护气体为99.9%氩气，保护气体流量为22～24L/min。相对于现有技术，本发明不仅操作方便、成本低廉，而且焊缝成形良好并能最大程度地保证了补焊后的接头强度。
Description
一种铝合金对接接头的MIG补焊方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于焊接技术领域。更具体地，本发明涉及一种铝合金对接接头的MIG补焊方法。
背景技术
[0002] 由于铝合金在我国在铁道车辆上作为新材料的大量应用，在减轻车辆重量、延长车辆使用寿命、提高列车行车速度的同时，也给车辆的焊接生产带来了一定困难。尽管铝及铝合金的焊接技术有了迅猛的发展，但由于铝合金的导热率和热膨胀系数比碳钢大得多、且易氧化等特点，因此，与低碳钢、低合金钢相比，铝合金的焊接仍然要困难得多，焊接时容易产生气孔、裂纹、未熔合等缺陷，且焊接热影响区大、焊接变形大，焊接热循环也会对热影响区产生不良影响，造成力学性能下降。铝合金的焊接，对于焊接缺陷的处理是非常重要的，而正确的补焊方法更是重中之重，传统的铝合金对接接头进行补焊时热影响区往往性能较差，当补焊次数增多时，熔合区域会越来越宽，影响接头的质量。
[0003] 中国发明专利申请CN201210496196.9公开了一种对接接头的补焊方法，该对接接头由水平焊接件和竖直焊接件焊接而成，该补焊方法包括:设置双激光束焊接装置以使其发射的双激光束分别位于竖直焊接件的两侧并且与水平焊接件成预定的入射角度；一对分别位于沿焊接前进方向的双激光束后方的保护气喷嘴同步喷射保护气；一对分别位于沿焊接前进方向的双激光束前方的送丝嘴同步送丝。相比于单激光束无填丝补焊和双激光束无填丝补焊，本发明解决了焊缝成形内凹的形式，较大程度的解决了接头的疲劳性能满足要求；相比于单激光束填丝补焊，该发明使得焊缝成形更均匀化，达到了消除原始焊缝成形缺陷的目的，且焊缝平滑过渡。但就整体效果而言，该发明虽然能使焊缝质量得到保证并减少了维修成本，但是工艺较为复杂，设备投入和操作难度较大，总体来看其工艺并不够经济。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术所存在的不足，提供一种铝合金对接接头的MIG补焊方法，其不仅操作方便、成本低廉，而且焊缝成形良好并能最大程度地保证了补焊后的接头强度。
[0005] 本发明实现上述发明目的所采取的技术方案是:一种铝合金对接接头的MIG补焊方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤:1)将原对接接头的焊缝部分的距熔合线O〜2mm的部分用机械加工的方法去除掉，使之拆分成两部分；2)将上述两部分工件在水平台上进行对接，使之前后没有错位，用夹持工具夹持紧并进行点固；3)调节MIG焊机焊枪装置与水平工件的夹角至50〜70°，MIG焊机焊枪的焊嘴送丝的同时喷射出保护气体，焊枪焊接速度为0.35〜0.56m/min，所述保护气体为99.9%氩气，保护气体流量为22〜24L/min。
[0006] 相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下突出优点:
第一、补焊工艺与传统的铝合金MIG焊接所用的设备一致，可改善由于铝合金的导热率和热膨胀系数大使得焊接时产生的气孔、裂纹、未熔合等缺陷，补焊方法操作方便、成本低廉、焊缝成形良好且最大程度地保证了补焊后的接头强度。
[0007] 第二、该补焊方法的普适性强，本发明的补焊方法不仅适用于铝合金的对接接头，也可适用于钢的对接接头。
[0008] 通过实际的研究验证，相比于传统的铝合金MIG焊对接接头补焊，本发明解决了当补焊次数增多接头熔合线外拓严重，熔合区变宽的问题，且最大可能的降低了由于补焊给铝合金对接接头性能带来的影响。本发明对MIG焊机焊枪装置与水平工件的夹角、99.9%氩气保护气体流量和焊枪焊接速度的控制等使得焊缝成形良好；每次补焊时将原对接接头的焊缝部分用机械加工的方法去除掉后重新焊接，减少了铝合金补焊时的缺陷，且焊缝平滑过渡。发明不仅使得焊缝质量得到保证，同时减少了维修成本和材料的浪费。
[0009] 具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
[0010] 实施例:首先，首先，将原对接接头的熔合线的位置确定，将靠近焊缝的距熔合线
0-2mm左右的部分用机械加工的方法去除掉，然后将加工好的两工件的表面进一步打磨，使表面无残渣等残留物。将两工件在水平台上进行对接，使之前后没有错位，然后将两对接好的工件用夹持工具夹持紧并进行点固，调节MIG焊机焊枪装置与工件的夹角，使其达到预定的角度，设置MIG焊机的焊接工艺参数，MIG焊机焊枪的焊嘴送丝的同时喷射出保护气体。
[0011] 具体地，补焊焊接参数可以设定如下:MIG焊机焊枪与水平工件的夹角α为50〜70°，焊接速度为0.35〜0.56m/min。补焊时使用保护气体，保护气体为99.9%氩气，保护气体流量为22〜24L/min。
[0012] 本发明的具体实施过程中，从补焊焊缝成形角度来看，应采用机械加工后再进行填丝补焊的方法进行补焊，同时为了保证补焊焊缝完全消除原始焊缝的表面成形缺陷，需要根据对接接头的板厚度和施焊现场的情况合理地确定焊接工艺参数。
[0013] 发明人发现，从补焊焊缝成形角度来看，应采用机械加工后再进行填丝补焊的方法进行补焊，同时为了保证补焊焊缝完全消除原始焊缝的表面成形缺陷，需要根据对接接头的板厚度和施焊现场的情况合理地确定焊接工艺参数。
[0014] 在此，对接接头的材料为铝合金，然而，本领域的技术人员应当可以理解，本发明所述的方法并不只限于铝合金MIG焊的对接接头的补焊，也可以对其他物理化学属性类似于铝合金的材料的对接接头依照本方法进行补焊。
[0015] 虽然在上述实施方法中以铝合金MIG焊对接接头为例进行了描述，然而本领域的普通技术人员应当可以了解，本发明还可以应用于其他领域金属材料的T型角接接头等的补焊。
[0016] 本发明不以任何方式限制于在说明书中呈现的示例性实施方式。示出以及描述的实施方式的所有组合明确地理解为并入该说明书之内并且明确地理解为落入本发明的范围内。而且，在如权利要求书概括的本发明的范围内，很多变形是可能的。此外，不应该将权利要求书中的任何参考标记构造为限制本发明的范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种铝合金对接接头的MIG补焊方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤:1)将原对接接头的焊缝部分的距熔合线O〜2mm的部分用机械加工的方法去除掉，使之拆分成两部分；2)将上述两部分工件在水平台上进行对接，使之前后没有错位，用夹持工具夹持紧并进行点固；3)调节MIG焊机焊枪装置与水平工件的夹角至50〜70°，MIG焊机焊枪的焊嘴送丝的同时喷射出保护气体，焊枪焊接速度为0.35〜0.56m/min，所述保护气体为99.9%氩气，保护气体流量为22〜24L/min。
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