CN103607016B - Non-polarity automatic judgment charging circuit and charger - Google Patents

Non-polarity automatic judgment charging circuit and charger Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103607016B
CN103607016B CN201310631795.1A CN201310631795A CN103607016B CN 103607016 B CN103607016 B CN 103607016B CN 201310631795 A CN201310631795 A CN 201310631795A CN 103607016 B CN103607016 B CN 103607016B
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pin
resistance
relay
triode
chip microcomputer
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CN103607016A (en
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叶远军
范振明
洪桂明
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SHANGHAI GUANGWEI ELECTRIC CO Ltd
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SHANGHAI GUANGWEI ELECTRIC CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a non-polarity automatic judgment charging circuit. The non-polarity automatic judgment charging circuit comprises a relay K1, a relay K2A, a triode Q1, a triode Q2, a single-chip microcomputer IC1, an optocoupler IC2, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a diode D1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3. The invention further provides a charger comprising the non-polarity automatic judgment charging circuit. According to the non-polarity automatic judgment charging circuit, the optocoupler is adopted for feedback, the polarity of a battery is judged in combination with the single-chip microcomputer, whether the battery exists can be detected automatically, the positive polarity and negative polarity of the battery connected with the non-polarity automatic judgment charging circuit also can be judged when the non-polarity automatic judgment charging circuit is connected with the battery, and the battery can operate normally whether the battery is in forward connection or reverse connection; the non-polarity automatic judgment charging circuit can effectively protect the battery and the charger by means of precise detection and feedback, is high in efficiency, saves energy, and is safe and intelligent to use and high in operability.

Description

A kind of nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit and charger
Technical field
The present invention relates to circuit engineering field, specifically, is a kind of nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit and the charger containing this circuit.
Background technology
Generally traditional battery charger exports primarily of the fairly simple control circuit composition of single relay, diode and MOSFET.Traditional charger exports both positive and negative polarity and must connect correctly, otherwise just can not charge or can damage charger, and diode temperature is high causes loss larger.This control circuit has output once powering on, and just can start charger after first must connecting storage battery, if connect storage battery again after first starting charger can produce spark.Carefully to check whether the polarity of storage battery connects instead, even if use this kind of charging circuit, reliability, fail safe and operability reduce greatly simultaneously, be easy to cause short circuit more can not to be charged by automatic decision.Therefore, be badly in need of wanting a kind of automatic decision charging circuit and the charger containing this charging circuit.Chinese patent literature: application number 201110291199.4, publication date on July 11st, 2012, disclose a kind of circuit of nonpolar safety charger, it is from comprising bipolarity identification circuit and commutated polarity change-over circuit between power transformer output and two charging electrodes.About charging circuit of the present invention and the charger containing this charging circuit, yet there are no report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for deficiency of the prior art, a kind of nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit is provided.The polarity of this charging circuit energy automatic decision battery, makes storage battery be no matter just to connect or reversal connection all can normally work.
Another object of the present invention is, provides a kind of charger containing nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit.
For realizing above-mentioned first object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit, described charging circuit comprises relay K 1, relay K 2A, triode Q1, triode Q2, single-chip microcomputer IC1, optocoupler IC2, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, resistance R6, diode D1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 and electric capacity C3;
One end of one end of described resistance R1, one end of resistance R2, electric capacity C2 connects 2 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R4 connects 1 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R5 connects 3 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R6 connects 4 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, the 5 pin ground connection of single-chip microcomputer IC1,6 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1 connect+5V power supplys, the other end of the other end contact resistance R2 of electric capacity C2 ground connection; The other end of the base stage contact resistance R4 of described triode Q1, the grounded emitter of triode Q1, collector connection relay K1 coil 1 pin of triode Q1, the other end of the base stage contact resistance R5 of described triode Q2, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, collector connection relay K2A coil 8 pin of triode Q2; One end of the anode 1 pin contact resistance R3 of light-emitting diode in described optocoupler IC2, in optocoupler IC2, negative electrode 2 pin of light-emitting diode connects the anode of diode D1, the other end of the output 3 pin contact resistance R6 of optocoupler IC2, and 4 pin of optocoupler IC2 connect+5V power supply; Described relay K 1 coil 2 pin connects+12V power supply, 3 pin of relay K 1 are connected one end of input filtering electric capacity C1 with 4 pin, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C1, the other end of 5 pin contact resistance R1 of relay K 1 and 2 pin of relay K 2A and 3 pin, relay K 2A coil 7 pin connects+12V power supply, 1 pin of relay K 2A and 4 pin ground connection, 5 pin of relay K 2A connect one end of output filter capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of diode D1, and 6 pin of relay K 2A connect the other end of output filter capacitor C3 and the other end of resistance R3.
Further, described triode Q1 and triode Q2 is NPN type triode.
For realizing above-mentioned second object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of charger containing nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit, comprise voltage input end mouth, voltage output end mouth and charging circuit, described charging circuit comprises relay K 1, relay K 2A, triode Q1, triode Q2, single-chip microcomputer IC1, optocoupler IC2, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, resistance R6, diode D1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 and electric capacity C3;
One end of one end of described resistance R1, one end of resistance R2, electric capacity C2 connects 2 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R4 connects 1 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R5 connects 3 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R6 connects 4 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, the 5 pin ground connection of single-chip microcomputer IC1,6 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1 connect+5V power supplys, the other end of the other end contact resistance R2 of electric capacity C2 ground connection; The other end of the base stage contact resistance R4 of described triode Q1, the grounded emitter of triode Q1, collector connection relay K1 coil 1 pin of triode Q1, the other end of the base stage contact resistance R5 of described triode Q2, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, collector connection relay K2A coil 8 pin of triode Q2; One end of the anode 1 pin contact resistance R3 of light-emitting diode in described optocoupler IC2, in optocoupler IC2, negative electrode 2 pin of light-emitting diode connects the anode of diode D1, the other end of the output 3 pin contact resistance R6 of optocoupler IC2, and 4 pin of optocoupler IC2 connect+5V power supply; Described relay K 1 coil 2 pin connects+12V power supply, 3 pin of relay K 1 are connected one end of input filtering electric capacity C1 with 4 pin, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C1, the other end of 5 pin contact resistance R1 of relay K 1 and 2 pin of relay K 2A and 3 pin, relay K 2A coil 7 pin connects+12V power supply, 1 pin of relay K 2A and 4 pin ground connection, 5 pin of relay K 2A connect one end of output filter capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of diode D1, and 6 pin of relay K 2A connect the other end of output filter capacitor C3 and the other end of resistance R3.
Further, described triode Q1 and triode Q2 is NPN type triode.
Further, described charger also comprises binding post JP1.
Further, the 1 pin ground connection of described binding post JP1,2 pin connect+5V power supply, and 3 pin connect+12V power supply.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit of the present invention adopts opto-coupled feedback, the polarity of battery is judged in conjunction with single-chip microcomputer, can automatically detect with or without battery, can also judge its positive and negative polarity connected when being connected with battery, no matter battery be just to connect or reversal connection all can normally work;
2, charging circuit is by accurate detection, feedback, and energy available protecting battery and charger itself are energy-efficient, and use safety intelligence is workable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structured flowchart of a kind of nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit provided by the invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is circuit theory diagrams of a kind of nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment provided by the invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit, after battery access, by sampling feedback circuit to single-chip microcomputer signal, the inner computing automatically of single-chip microcomputer judges whether charging or the reverse of polarity, whether single-chip microcomputer sends signal to control circuit, determine to charge or the polarity at whether conversion output two ends.
Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit.This charging circuit comprises relay K 1, relay K 2A, triode Q1, triode Q2, single-chip microcomputer IC1, optocoupler IC2, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, resistance R6, diode D1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 and electric capacity C3.Described triode Q1 and triode Q2 is preferably NPN type triode.
One end of one end of resistance R1, one end of resistance R2, electric capacity C2 connects 2 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of resistance R4 connects 1 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of resistance R5 connects 3 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of resistance R6 connects 4 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, the 5 pin ground connection of single-chip microcomputer IC1,6 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1 connect+5V power supply.The other end of the other end contact resistance R2 of electric capacity C2 ground connection.
The other end of the base stage contact resistance R4 of triode Q1, the grounded emitter of triode Q1, collector connection relay K1 coil 1 pin of triode Q1.The other end of the base stage contact resistance R5 of triode Q2, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, collector connection relay K2A coil 8 pin of triode Q2.One end of the anode 1 pin contact resistance R3 of light-emitting diode in optocoupler IC2, in optocoupler IC2, negative electrode 2 pin of light-emitting diode connects the anode of diode D1, the other end of the output 3 pin contact resistance R6 of optocoupler IC2, and 4 pin of optocoupler IC2 connect+5V power supply.
Relay K 1 coil 2 pin connects+12V power supply, and 3 pin of relay K 1 are connected one end of input filtering electric capacity C1, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C1 with 4 pin.The two ends of electric capacity C1 connect vin+ and vin ﹣ respectively.The other end of 5 pin contact resistance R1 of relay K 1 and 2 pin of relay K 2A and 3 pin.Relay K 2A coil 7 pin connects+12V power supply, 1 pin of relay K 2A and 4 pin ground connection, 5 pin of relay K 2A connect one end of output filter capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of diode D1, and 6 pin of relay K 2A connect the other end of output filter capacitor C3 and the other end of resistance R3.The two ends of electric capacity C3 connect battery the two poles of the earth incoming end B1 and B2 respectively.
The operation principle of charging circuit of the present invention:
(1) when B1 termination anode, B2 termination battery cathode
At this moment relay K 2A is in normally off, B1 rectifies voltage leads to resistance R1 one end by 5 pin of relay K 2A and 3 pin, B2 holds negative voltage to lead to one end of resistance R2 by 6 pin of relay K 2A and 4 pin ground connection, resistance R1 and resistance R2 is series relationship, can get a voltage in the middle of two resistance, this voltage makes its two ends get a clean level and smooth sampled voltage signal to 2 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1 by filter capacitor C2.When 2 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1 detect a signal, whether the automatic computing of its inner meeting will charge the battery.
If need charging, single-chip microcomputer IC1 sends one and controls high potential signal through the base stage of resistance R4 to triode Q1, turn-on transistor Q1,1 pin of relay K 1 coil and 2 pin are made to have electric current to flow through, 3 pin of relay K 1 and 5 pin are connected, at this moment vin+ voltage is connected to B1 end, i.e. the positive pole of battery through 3 pin of 3 pin of relay K 1 and 5 pin, relay K 2A and 5 pin.B2 end simultaneously, i.e. the negative pole of battery, by 6 pin and the 4 pin ground connection of relay K 2A, meets charge current loop, charges the battery.
If do not need charging, single-chip microcomputer IC1 sends one and controls high potential signal to triode Q1, and triode Q1 cutoff relay K1, makes 3 pin and the 5 pin not adhesives of relay K 1, and therefore, vin+ voltage disconnects, and does not meet charge condition.
(2) when B1 termination battery cathode, B2 termination anode
At this moment B1 holds negative voltage to lead to one end of resistance R1 by 5 pin of relay K 2A and 3 pin, B2 rectifies voltage by 6 pin of relay K 2A and 4 pin ground connection, and due to anode ground connection, resistance R1 and resistance R2 divides less than reference voltage, charge condition does not meet, and wouldn't start charging.
An other road sampled voltage flows through rapidly 1 pin of optocoupler IC2 by resistance R3, diode D1 makes optocoupler IC2 conducting.When 1 pin of optocoupler IC2 and 2 pin have electric current to flow through, 3 pin of optocoupler IC2 and 4 pin meeting conducting, once conducting 4 pin+5V voltage, transmit the signal of a battery polar reversal connection to 4 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1 by resistance R6.When 4 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1 detect polar signal, single-chip microcomputer IC1 exports the base stage of reverse of polarity high potential signal by resistance R5 to triode Q2 at once, makes triode Q2 conducting.After triode Q2 conducting, 7 pin of relay K 2A and 8 pin can form current circuit by the collector electrode of triode Q2 to ground connection, produce magnetic field, make relay K 2A change-over contact contact, and 5 pin of relay K 2A and 1 pin are connected, and 6 pin and 2 pin are connected.Due to dipole inversion, B2 rectifies voltage and is connected to resistance R1 one end by 6 pin of relay K 2A and 2 pin, B1 holds negative voltage to be connected to resistance R2 one end by 5 pin of relay K 2A and 1 pin, can get a sampled voltage to 2 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC2 in the middle of resistance R1 and resistance R2,2 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC2 ceaselessly detect battery-charge signal.When charging signals meets, single-chip microcomputer IC1 sends one and controls high potential signal through the base stage of resistance R4 to triode Q1, turn-on transistor Q1,1 pin of relay K 1 coil and 2 pin are made to have electric current to flow through, 3 pin of relay K 1 and 5 pin are connected, at this moment vin+ voltage is connected to B2 end, i.e. the positive pole of battery through 2 pin of 3 pin of relay K 1 and 5 pin, relay K 2A and 6 pin.B1 end simultaneously, i.e. the negative pole of battery, by 5 pin and the 1 pin ground connection of relay K 2A, meets charge current loop, charges the battery.
Embodiment 2
A charger containing nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit, comprise voltage input end mouth vin+ and vin ﹣, voltage output end mouth B1 and B2 and charging circuit, refer to Fig. 1, described charging circuit as described in Example 1.Wherein, triode Q1 and triode Q2 is preferably NPN type triode.Charger also comprises binding post JP1, the 1 pin ground connection of binding post JP1, and 2 pin connect+5V power supply, and 3 pin connect+12V power supply.
This charger in use can detect automatically with or without connection battery, can also judge its positive and negative polarity connected when being connected with battery, and no matter battery is just to connect or reversal connection all can normally work.By detecting accurately, feeding back, energy available protecting battery and charger itself, there will not be short circuit, energy-efficient, use safety intelligence, workable.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the inventive method; can also make some improvement and supplement, these improve and supplement and also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit, it is characterized in that, described charging circuit comprises relay K 1, relay K 2A, triode Q1, triode Q2, single-chip microcomputer IC1, optocoupler IC2, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, resistance R6, diode D1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 and electric capacity C3;
One end of one end of described resistance R1, one end of resistance R2, electric capacity C2 connects 2 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R4 connects 1 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R5 connects 3 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R6 connects 4 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, the 5 pin ground connection of single-chip microcomputer IC1,6 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1 connect+5V power supplys, the other end of the other end contact resistance R2 of electric capacity C2 ground connection; The other end of the base stage contact resistance R4 of described triode Q1, the grounded emitter of triode Q1, collector connection relay K1 coil 1 pin of triode Q1, the other end of the base stage contact resistance R5 of described triode Q2, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, collector connection relay K2A coil 8 pin of triode Q2; One end of the anode 1 pin contact resistance R3 of light-emitting diode in described optocoupler IC2, in optocoupler IC2, negative electrode 2 pin of light-emitting diode connects the anode of diode D1, the other end of the output 3 pin contact resistance R6 of optocoupler IC2, and 4 pin of optocoupler IC2 connect+5V power supply; Described relay K 1 coil 2 pin connects+12V power supply, 3 pin of relay K 1 are connected one end of input filtering electric capacity C1 with 4 pin, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C1, the other end of 5 pin contact resistance R1 of relay K 1 and 2 pin of relay K 2A and 3 pin, relay K 2A coil 7 pin connects+12V power supply, 1 pin of relay K 2A and 4 pin ground connection, 5 pin of relay K 2A connect one end of output filter capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of diode D1, and 6 pin of relay K 2A connect the other end of output filter capacitor C3 and the other end of resistance R3.
2. nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described triode Q1 and triode Q2 is NPN type triode.
3. the charger containing nonpolarity automatic decision charging circuit, comprise voltage input end mouth, voltage output end mouth and charging circuit, it is characterized in that, described charging circuit comprises relay K 1, relay K 2A, triode Q1, triode Q2, single-chip microcomputer IC1, optocoupler IC2, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, resistance R6, diode D1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 and electric capacity C3;
One end of one end of described resistance R1, one end of resistance R2, electric capacity C2 connects 2 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R4 connects 1 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R5 connects 3 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, one end of described resistance R6 connects 4 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1, the 5 pin ground connection of single-chip microcomputer IC1,6 pin of single-chip microcomputer IC1 connect+5V power supplys, the other end of the other end contact resistance R2 of electric capacity C2 ground connection; The other end of the base stage contact resistance R4 of described triode Q1, the grounded emitter of triode Q1, collector connection relay K1 coil 1 pin of triode Q1, the other end of the base stage contact resistance R5 of described triode Q2, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, collector connection relay K2A coil 8 pin of triode Q2; One end of the anode 1 pin contact resistance R3 of light-emitting diode in described optocoupler IC2, in optocoupler IC2, negative electrode 2 pin of light-emitting diode connects the anode of diode D1, the other end of the output 3 pin contact resistance R6 of optocoupler IC2, and 4 pin of optocoupler IC2 connect+5V power supply; Described relay K 1 coil 2 pin connects+12V power supply, 3 pin of relay K 1 are connected one end of input filtering electric capacity C1 with 4 pin, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C1, the other end of 5 pin contact resistance R1 of relay K 1 and 2 pin of relay K 2A and 3 pin, relay K 2A coil 7 pin connects+12V power supply, 1 pin of relay K 2A and 4 pin ground connection, 5 pin of relay K 2A connect one end of output filter capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of diode D1, and 6 pin of relay K 2A connect the other end of output filter capacitor C3 and the other end of resistance R3.
4. charger according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described triode Q1 and triode Q2 is NPN type triode.
5. charger according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described charger also comprises binding post JP1.
6. charger according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the 1 pin ground connection of described binding post JP1, and 2 pin connect+5V power supply, and 3 pin connect+12V power supply.
CN201310631795.1A 2013-12-02 2013-12-02 Non-polarity automatic judgment charging circuit and charger Active CN103607016B (en)

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