CN103603676A - Scraper roadway supporting method - Google Patents
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- CN103603676A CN103603676A CN201310594044.7A CN201310594044A CN103603676A CN 103603676 A CN103603676 A CN 103603676A CN 201310594044 A CN201310594044 A CN 201310594044A CN 103603676 A CN103603676 A CN 103603676A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a scraper roadway supporting method. The method includes the steps of performing driving by blasting on a smooth of a scraper roadway; determining a supporting time; spraying the surface of the scraper roadway with a concrete layer; hanging anchor bolts at the parts with the sprayed concrete layer, and hanging a metal mesh; spraying a concrete layer again to cover the anchor bolts and the metal mesh; performing integral concreting; after form removal and maintenance, forming the scraper roadway joint supporting structure. The method has the advantages that the supporting difficulty of a jointed soft rock scraper roadway under the influences of multi-blast vibrations and ore drawing kinetic pressure is solved; according to the function features of the scraper roadway, the staged joint supporting technology is used to form the primary sprayed bolt mesh supporting structure first and then form a joint supporting structure of a sprayed bolt mesh and reinforced concrete, surrounding rock stress and displacement development are controlled, stability of the scraper roadway is ensured, and smooth ore drawing is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mining technical field, especially, relate to a kind of scraper laneway support method.
Background technology
Scraper tunnel polycrystalline substance, as the project of primary importance of ore drawing engineering, has excavation degree high, and service time is long, need stand the impact of repeatedly great explosion, according to the ore deposit amount of once falling number, Same millisecond blasting explosive charge is many can reach 1～3t more than, explosion is on features such as roadway support impact are huge.Joint broken soft rock scraper polycrystalline substance support technology, mainly comprises the supporting in scraper tunnel behind the supporting ,Cheng lane in the tunneling process of well lane engineering, supporting, bucket well supporting and the lintel line protection supporting that bucket is worn.Generally, for the supporting of Soft Rock Body, advocate to adopt the mode of " first allow and prop up afterwards, allow and prop up combination " carry out supporting, but joint soft rock, developmental joint fissure, rock mass strength is lower, even become loose media shape, the intensity of rock is larger, before confined pressure is removed, the elastic strain energy that rock stores is less, rock mass is cut by joint fissure, and globality is poor, if deflection is excessive, inbreak will directly occur, driving difficulty is large, and supporting difficulty is larger.
Existing support technology and supporting time are closely related, joint broken soft rock, and due to the diversity of rock mass structure, supporting time is difficult to grasp.Existing support technology adopts independent a kind of support form to be difficult to gather effect, scraper tunnel polycrystalline substance particularly, the excavation degree in tunnel is high, polycrystalline substance height is little (highly to be strengthened, foundation ore amount increases, loss late is large), be generally 6～10m left and right, high 2～3m left and right, scraper tunnel, as there is large deformation, and will directly emit to polycrystalline substance, have a strong impact on the stability of polycrystalline substance, so the supporting of scraper polycrystalline substance has its particularity, particularly the supporting difficulty in joint broken soft rock scraper tunnel is larger.Existing support form can not be resisted the damage of second-time breakage explosion frequently.
Supporting was lost efficacy, and collapsed in scraper tunnel, and bucket is worn, and bucket well destroys directly affecting the smooth realization of whole mining technology process, affects stope ore drawing efficiency, and ore drawing quality increases loss and dilution rate, causes heavy economic losses, even causes casualties.After supporting was lost efficacy, generally adopt reduction level again to tunnel scraper tunnel or side is expanded in former scraper tunnel and rise canopy reparation, again tunnel owing to having reduced polycrystalline substance level height, drop shaft length shortens, and ore drawing work is more complicated, and management difficulty is large; Reparation difficulty is large, and rehabilitation cost is high, and efficiency is low, poor stability, and the scraper roadway quality after repairing is difficult to guarantee; Because it is huge to repeat repair amount, cause stope claim for eot, affect mine plan time, extend ore and deposit the cage phase, affect subsequent production link, bring about great losses economically.
Scraper polycrystalline substance, because construction cost is low, electric scraper discharging cost is low, and equipment investment is few, invests the advantages such as little, is one of the most frequently used polycrystalline substance of middle small mines, so the supporting method in research scraper tunnel is significant.
Therefore, studying a kind of novel scraper laneway support method has been technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of scraper laneway support method, large to solve driving difficulty, the technical problem that supporting difficulty is large.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A scraper laneway support method, comprises the following steps: a, scraper roadway excavation and definite supporting time; B, at scraper tunnel surface pneumatically placed concrete layer; C, at the position of pneumatically placed concrete layer, hang anchor pole, close plating net; D, pneumatically placed concrete layer covers described anchor pole and described wire lath again; After completing, e, above-mentioned work carries out monobloc cast concrete; F, after form removal maintenance, form scraper roadway support structure.
Further, the scraper cross-section shape of roadway described in step a is semicircular arch; Employing smooth Surface Blasting Technology driving.
Further, definite supporting time described in step a, according to joint broken soft rock scraper tunnel structure and functional characteristic, determine, rock mass is high by joint cutting degree, fragmentation is even loose media, scraper roadway excavation degree is high, scraper polycrystalline substance overall height is little, and scraper roadway support need stand repeatedly to fall impact injury and the impact of ore drawing dynamic loading of ore deposit great explosion, be divided into preliminary bracing and final supporting by the supporting in scraper tunnel.
Further, all there is the initial stage of scraper roadway support and final period certain supporting intensity, initial stage adopts anchor and spray net to carry out supporting, control displacement, inbreak and the stress development of country rock, improve globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock, the structure of preliminary bracing simultaneously has certain flexibility, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevents that supporting and protection structure rigidity is excessive and damaged.
Further, step a, b, c, d, e adopt Combined Support Technology by stages, and first order implementation step a, b, c, d, form initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure; In order to reduce the impact of explosion on scraper stability of the roadway, the ore deposit great explosion that falls adopts the many segment blasts of multi-segment, reduces onepull amount; After final concreting supporting is selected in great explosion or before last layering explosion, it it is the best opportunity of the final supporting in scraper tunnel; According to the best supporting time implementation step e determining, the combined supporting structure that final formation spray anchor net and steel concrete combine.
Further, the jetting thickness of the layer of concrete described in step b is 1cm-5cm.
Further, the described anchor pole in step c adopts the pipe-seam type anchor rod of full length fastening, and described anchor pole bar footpath is 35mm-55mm, and described rock-bolt length is 1.5m-2.5m; Described wire lath adopts the mild steel wire braiding that diameter is 5mm-8mm to form, and grid internal diameter is 20cm-35cm.
Further, described anchor pole is pressed radial arrangement along top, limit side and/or the base angle in scraper tunnel, and longitudinal pitch and/or horizontal spacing are 50cm-80cm, and the described anchor pole of every row is laid 5-15.
Further, before described step c implements, add step b ', for rockbolt installation position, carry out pretreatment, squeeze into before described anchor pole, in the boring of scraper tunnel wall body, described boring aperture is less than described anchor pole external diameter in advance, described anchor pole is squeezed in hole by pressure and/or impact force, and the pulling capacity of the described anchor pole after installation after 10 days is at least 10KN.
Further, at described anchor pole outer end pad, add pallet.
The cladding thickness of the layer of pneumatically placed concrete described in steps d is 2cm-5cm, and according to supporting requirement, multi-injection layer of concrete increases the thickness of shotcrete layer, improves intensity, the rigidity of preliminary bracing.
In steps d, meet scraper tunnel rock crushing rate high or tunnel in loose media, need to adopt short distance excavating and short distance supporting or advance support, advance support adopts rail by a sharpening, other end adopts pusher leg drill to carry out pushing tow, closes rotating function during pushing tow; After tunneling into lane, carry out immediately supporting operation, supporting is watered rail in the lump and is filled in supporting, increases the rigidity of supporting.
On the concrete top that connects of step e monobloc cast simultaneously, in step e, the finished section of concreting is shaped as semicircular arch.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
This scraper laneway support method solves the supporting difficult problem be subject to repeatedly the soft rock scraper road, joint that blasting vibration and ore drawing dynamic pressure affect, adopt anchor and spray net to carry out preliminary bracing, and multi-injection strengthens concrete thickness, for preliminary bracing structure provides enough intensity, rigidity, control the distortion of the rear initial stage country rock of excavation, prevent country rock inbreak; Simultaneously supporting and protection structure has certain flexibility, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevents that supporting and protection structure rigidity is excessive and destroys; Spray anchor netting gear has the effect of controlling country rock local fall, improves globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock, reduces on the whole secondary supporting cost.According to the functional characteristic in scraper tunnel, adopt Combined Support Technology by stages, first form initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure, the combined supporting structure that final formation spray anchor net and steel concrete combine, to control surrouding rock stress and Displacement Development, guarantee the stability in scraper road, guarantee carrying out smoothly of ore drawing production work.
Except object described above, feature and advantage, the present invention also has other object, feature and advantage.Below with reference to figure, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The accompanying drawing that forms the application's a part is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of the scraper laneway support method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the scraper roadway support of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated, but the multitude of different ways that the present invention can be defined by the claims and cover is implemented.
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of the scraper laneway support method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the scraper roadway support of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the scraper laneway support method of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps: a, scraper roadway excavation and definite supporting time; B, at scraper tunnel surface pneumatically placed concrete layer; C, at the position of pneumatically placed concrete layer, hang anchor pole, close plating net; D, pneumatically placed concrete layer covers anchor pole and wire lath again; After completing, e, above-mentioned work carries out monobloc cast concrete; F, after form removal maintenance, form scraper roadway support structure.This scraper laneway support method solves a difficult problem for joint broken soft rock supporting, from the section type selecting in tunnel, to driving, the supporting in scraper tunnel, has formed a set of complete joint broken soft rock support system.This scraper laneway support method solves the supporting difficult problem be subject to repeatedly the soft rock scraper road, joint that blasting vibration and ore drawing dynamic pressure affect, thereby scraper roadway excavation adopts smooth Surface Blasting Technology to reduce surrounding rock failure, rear employing anchor and spray net carries out preliminary bracing, and multi-injection strengthens concrete thickness, for preliminary bracing structure provides enough intensity, rigidity, control the distortion of the rear initial stage country rock of excavation, prevent country rock inbreak; Simultaneously supporting and protection structure has certain flexibility, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevents that supporting and protection structure rigidity is excessive and destroys; Spray anchor netting gear has the effect of controlling country rock local fall, improves globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock, reduces on the whole secondary supporting cost.For reducing the impact of blasting impact and ore drawing dynamic loading, the integrated poured supporting and protection structure of final steel concrete adopts semicircular arch, can reduce vault lifting surface area, more be conducive to scraper road upper pressure to abutment wall transmission, guarantee the steadiness of the integrated poured supporting and protection structure of steel concrete.According to the functional characteristic in scraper tunnel, adopt Combined Support Technology by stages, first form initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure, the combined supporting structure that final formation spray anchor net and steel concrete combine, to control surrouding rock stress and Displacement Development, guarantee the stability in scraper road, guarantee carrying out smoothly of ore drawing production work.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the scraper tunnel of step a adopts smooth blasting to form section.Adopt smooth Surface Blasting Technology, reduce the damage of explosion to country rock, improve the supporting capacity of country rock self.Scraper cross-section shape of roadway is semicircular arch, can reduce vault lifting surface area, is more conducive to scraper road upper pressure to abutment wall transmission, improves the bearing structure performance in scraper tunnel self.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, definite supporting time of step a, selects supporting time according to the best scraper tunnel end surface shape of selecting, according to joint broken soft rock scraper tunnel structure and functional effect, scraper tunnel need stand to be subject to repeatedly blasting vibration and ore drawing dynamic pressure to affect.Embodiment adopts the Stress and displacement development of Combined Support Technology control country rock by stages, forms initial stage anchor and spray net, the combined supporting pattern of later stage steel concrete.In order to reduce the impact of blasting impact on scraper stability of the roadway, the ore deposit great explosion that falls adopts the many segment blasts of multi-segment, reduces onepull amount.After final concreting supporting should be selected in great explosion as far as possible or before last layering explosion, it it is the best opportunity of the final supporting in scraper tunnel.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the initial stage of scraper roadway support and final period all should have certain supporting intensity, and the initial stage adopts anchor and spray net to carry out supporting, controls displacement and the inbreak of country rock.For joint broken soft rock, preliminary bracing has displacement and the stress development that certain intensity is conducive to control country rock, avoid occurring large displacement and affect the globality of country rock self and the stability of scraper polycrystalline substance, thereby reduce final supporting difficulty, guarantee the validity of supporting.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the jetting thickness of the layer of concrete of step b is 1cm-5cm.The sprayed mortar here mainly plays the effect on the impact of country rock of filling crack, air-isolation and water, prevents rock decay and deliquescence, and the support force at initial stage is provided, and prevents from, after country rock excavation, inbreak occurs.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the anchor pole in step c adopts the pipe-seam type anchor rod of full length fastening, and anchor pole bar footpath is 35mm-55mm, and rock-bolt length is 1.5m-2.5m; Wire lath adopts the mild steel wire braiding that diameter is 5mm-8mm to form, and grid internal diameter is 20cm-35cm.Wherein, anchor host will act as and prevent that Jointed Rock Masses from producing local fall, affects the stability of support performance and the polycrystalline substance of tunnel integral body.Pipe-seam type anchor rod is along with the squeezing action of surrouding rock deformation, and anchored force increases, and supporting performance is better, utilizes the compound action of anchor pole to strengthen the globality of broken country rock.Anchor and spray net forms the preliminary bracing measure of scraper tunnel, utilizes the combined supporting effect of anchor and spray net, and in conjunction with the advantage of different support patterns, proof stress and Displacement Development, avoid occurring large displacement, affects the overall performance of scraper polycrystalline substance.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, anchor pole is pressed radial arrangement along top, limit side and/or the base angle in scraper tunnel, and longitudinal pitch and/or horizontal spacing are 50cm-80cm, and every row's anchor pole is laid 5-15.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, before step c implements, add step b ', for rockbolt installation position, carry out pretreatment, squeeze into before anchor pole, at scraper tunnel wall body, hole in advance, boring aperture is less than anchor pole external diameter, and anchor pole is squeezed in hole by pressure and/or impact force, and the pulling capacity of the anchor pole after installation after 10 days is at least 10KN.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, in anchor pole outer end, pad adds pallet.Pallet is steel plate.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, in steps d, the cladding thickness of pneumatically placed concrete layer is 2cm-5cm again.Jointly form the shotcrete layer of preliminary bracing with sprayed mortar for the first time, thickness adds up to 3～10cm, sprayed mortar has certain intensity, through repeatedly strengthening the thickness of shotcrete layer, initial stage support force be can effectively improve, the displacement of joint breaking surrounding rock and the development of stress controlled.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, in step b, chance scraper tunnel wall body percentage of damage is high, need to adopt short distance excavating and short distance supporting.There is the loose media of preventing inbreak expanded range, be conducive to the Forming Quality of roadway construction safety and control drift section.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, in steps d, meet scraper tunnel rock crushing rate high or tunnel in loose media, need to adopt in the situation of short distance excavating and short distance supporting or advance support, advance support adopts rail by a sharpening, and other end adopts pusher leg drill to carry out pushing tow, closes rotating function during pushing tow; After tunneling into lane, carry out immediately supporting operation, supporting is watered rail in the lump and is filled in supporting, increases the rigidity of supporting.
As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, on the concrete top that connects of step e monobloc cast simultaneously, concreting section is semicircular arch.Build and connect top quality and directly have influence on supporting quality, be conducive to disperse, transmit rock mass stress, avoid stress to concentrate.Semicircular arch arch can reduce vault area of stress concentration, is more conducive to scraper road upper pressure to abutment wall transmission, improves the bearing structure performance in scraper tunnel self.
The features such as during enforcement, scraper tunnel polycrystalline substance, as the project of primary importance of ore drawing engineering, has excavation degree high, and service time is long.Joint broken soft rock scraper polycrystalline substance support technology, mainly comprises the supporting in scraper tunnel behind the supporting ,Cheng lane in the tunneling process of well lane engineering, supporting, bucket well supporting and the lintel line protection supporting that bucket is worn; Joint soft rock, developmental joint fissure, rock mass strength is lower, and rock mass even becomes loose media shape, the intensity of rock is larger, and before confined pressure is removed, the elastic strain energy of the storage of rock is less, if deflection is excessive, will there is inbreak, driving difficulty is large, and supporting difficulty is larger.This scraper laneway support method, can solve a difficult problem for joint soft rock supporting, can control the distortion of the rear initial stage country rock of excavation, improve the overall performance of country rock and the supporting capacity of country rock self, thereby the intensity that reduces secondary supporting, reduces support cost on the whole.By employing, adopt shaped steel lintel line can reduce the shock effect of secondary blasting.Bucket well inwall adopts the supporting of anchor pole net, controls the displacement of rock mass, improves globality and the stability in scraper tunnel.Scraper tunnel forms initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure, and the combined supporting structure that final formation spray anchor net and steel concrete combine, to control surrouding rock stress and Displacement Development, guarantees the stability in scraper road, guarantees carrying out smoothly of ore drawing production work.
This scraper laneway support method: pneumatically placed concrete 2cm first after scraper roadway excavation, rear extension anchor pole (φ 43mm pipe-seam type anchor rod), rock-bolt length 1.8m, anchor pole net degree 60cm * 60cm, close plating net (φ 6mm reinforcing bar when hanging anchor pole, grid 30cm * 30cm), after this spray again 3cm concrete and cover anchor net.Monobloc cast steel concrete 300mm again after above-mentioned work completes, notes in casting process connecing top, and the finished section of building is shaped as semicircular arch.As shown in Figure 2.Adopt semicircular arch section, can reduce vault lifting surface area, be more conducive to scraper road upper pressure to abutment wall transmission, guarantee the steadiness of the integrated poured supporting and protection structure of steel concrete.
According to combined bolting and shotcrete is theoretical, calculate, concrete spray coating thickness is 50mm, concrete water-cement ratio is 0.45, matching materials is than being cement: sand: stone=1:2:1.5, adopt PO42.5 portland cement, 1m3 concrete cement consumption is 460kg, the medium sand that sand particle diameter is 0.3mm～3mm, and mud content is no more than 3%.Sand for Concrete amount is 920kg, and stone maximum particle diameter is 10mm, and consumption is 1m3 concrete 690kg.The strength mark of sprayed mortar requires to reach C20, and its modulus of elasticity is 2.1MPa * 10MPa, and design strength is 11MPa.In pneumatically placed concrete, add accelerating admixture 2～3%.
Anchor pole adopts the pipe-seam type anchor rod of full length fastening.According to combined bolting and shotcrete is theoretical, calculate, rock-bolt length is got 1.8m, and anchor pole is along Ding, Bian Banghe base angle, tunnel by radial arrangement, and spacing is 0.6m * 0.6m in length and breadth.The structure of anchor pole as shown in Figure 1.While using this anchor pole, bore diameter is 36cm, is less than anchor pole external diameter.After boring is accomplished fluently, anchor pole is squeezed in hole by pressure or impact force.More than 10 days later pulling capacities of anchor pole requirement after installation reach 40KN.In anchor pole outer end, pad adds pallet, and pallet is A3 steel plate, and every row (0.6m) anchor pole consumption is 10.
Wire lath adopts the mild steel wire braiding of φ 6mm to form, and mesh is 30cm * 30cm.Supporting for the first time adopts the form of " first anchor after spray ", first sprays 2cm, and this mode can be sealed country rock in time, the safety while guaranteeing to bore square, and protection bolthole, and hold spray-up because of anchor skewer pallet, and reduced spray-up span, can prevent spray-up cracking.In addition, metal linked network can be protected spray-up.Hang up properly after wire lath pneumatically placed concrete 3cm again.If (chance scene is more broken, in short distance excavating and short distance supporting situation, also can first hang anchor pole and wire lath, pneumatically placed concrete again after arriving certain Excavation Length (about 15m).)
Steel concrete secondary supporting adopts concrete to add reinforcing bar 300mm.Positive lane, scraper tunnel support pattern is poured into a mould by semicircular arch design size, the bucket of scraper funnel is worn by basket handle arch design size and is poured into a mould, and bucket eaves is raised 0.2m cast going out mine mouth place, and sets of brackets on top of the columns wall is high is progressively inwardly increased as 1.967m by 1.767m, and sagitta is constant.
1 supporting scheme
1.1 scraper roadway support schemes: adopt combined bolting and shotcrete, jetting thickness 5cm, the bad place of local rock formation adds bolt support, rock-bolt length 1.8m, anchor pole net degree 80cm * 80cm, 8 of every rows, anchor after first spray on construction principle, but in the construction method of crossing the appropriate to the occasion employing short distance excavating and short distance supporting of zone of fracture, first beat anchor pole, rear gunite.
1.2 zone of fracture driving and supportings: because extremely grow in ROCK MASS JOINT crack; rock mass is by the intensive reasons such as joint fissure cutting; the utmost point built on the sand; in practice of construction, often can run into zone of fracture; now be applied in normal construction means and be often difficult to pass through zone of fracture; and causing the inbreak region of collapsing increase gradually and increase, this brings great negative effect by the driving to subsequently, supporting, and finally increases loss and the dilution of ore.Therefore, construction will note observing formation variations situation especially, take three strongest ones' operation as far as possible, run into more broken rock stratum, can take the technology way of short distance excavating and short distance supporting, shorten Excavation Length one time, once tunnel 1 meter of left and right, if construction is difficulty still, an Excavation Length should not surpass 0.6m, and must take in time to tunnel forward after combined bolting and shotcrete or other support patterns again.Should take advance support for smashed to pieces section, advance support adopts rail to carry out supporting, first at work plane, set up a steel arch frame, then on steel arch frame crossbeam, pushing tow rail is to projected depth to adopt air leg rig (only utilize and impact, close rotation), and tunnelling is carried out immediate support after slagging tap, repeat again above-mentioned operation, push ahead.
1.3 steel concrete supportings: adopted anchor and spray net to carry out supporting after laneway molding, but its supporting intensity is not enough, can not effectively control the development of surrounding rock displacement and stress, in order to improve the load characteristic of country rock self.In order to reduce the impact of blasting impact on scraper stability of the roadway, the ore deposit great explosion that falls adopts the many segment blasts of multi-segment, reduces onepull amount.After final concreting supporting should be selected in great explosion as far as possible or before last layering explosion, it it is the best opportunity of the final supporting in scraper tunnel.The combined supporting structure of formation initial stage anchor and spray net and later stage steel concrete.Reinforced Concrete Design thickness 300mm, for further developing of limiting displacement, requires supporting fully to connect top; In order to be beneficial to the transmission of vault stress, finished section is shaped as semicircular arch.
2 constructure scheme
2.1 advance development
In broken rock driving, first first set up steel and prop up 1, after supporting, the rail steel of the long 24kg/m of standby 3.5m is several, a sharpening; Stable orbit, adopts pusher leg drill (big gun bar is replaced with to buckle) that track is impacted track is slowly squeezed among rock stratum, and so reasonable layout is several, sets up steel and prop up after deslagging one segment distance (1m left and right); Circulation driving.
2.2 smooth blasting constructions
Due to joint Soft Rock Body intensity difference, so tunnel all should adopt smooth blasting to form section, it is more regular that it can make bolting and shotcrete roadway be shaped, the damage of reduction to rock mass, improve the supporting capacity of country rock self, guarantee in addition the integrality of country rock and the anti-pressure ability of raising bolt-spary supports roadway, construction requirement:
1. carry out the preparation of construction, as see the work such as line, fixed point, metering-orifice distance and mark picture eye position.
2. meticulous jewel hole, jewel hole will be accomplished standard, flat, straight, neat.For protecting jewel hole, meet the requirements, should at the positive top of arch and skewback line place, each make a call to a guiding eye, and to plug straight tamper or drill steel, so that for boring other borehole guiding.
3. rationally powder charge, gradation is detonated.Adopt inverse initiation structure, i.e. hole base initiation, periphery hole adopts not coupling charging of segmentation minor diameter, strengthens detonator and explosive property check, guarantees blasting quality.
2.3 anchor pole engineering constructions
(1) square construction
The direction of square should be as far as possible vertical with rock stratum face or main fissure-plane, should be vertical with tunnel-surrounding profile when rock stratum face and fissure-plane are not obvious.The diameter of square, the degree of depth, spacing must meet designing requirement, and spacing deviation must not be over ± 0.1 meter.
(2) rockbolt installation
1. before installing, with the clear hole of high-pressure blast.
2. adopt air drill that pipe-seam type anchor rod is installed, supporting plate should be close to scar, contacts when not tight and must tamp by cement mortar, not handy chock material, stone etc.
The construction of 2.4 wire laths
Close plating net when 1. hanging anchor pole (φ 6mm reinforcing bar, grid 30cm * 30cm), wire lath must be tied up by tied silk.For easy construction, can first anchor pole be squeezed into certain depth, then at anchor pole root, tie up longitudinal reinforcement, and it is pressed into arc, then by mesh-density braiding, tie up transverse reinforcement, between anchor pole, adding a longitudinal reinforcement and tying up.
2. after steel mesh reinforcement has been tied up, with air leg, anchor pole is headed into and is made the closely connected just pneumatically placed concrete of steel mesh reinforcement surface.
The construction of 2.5 sprayed mortars (employing dry spraying machine)
(1) preparation of construction
1. construction section is checked, to the part of owing to dig, must be processed;
2. clear up the turquoise float stone in wall after explosion, two help the barren rock of bottom must remove totally;
3. clean the floating dust on the wall of lane, general rock can wash by water, and during to broken fragility, dilatancy rock, must clean with high-pressure blast;
4. check spraying equipment, and compressed air, water, electricity, pipeline etc., carry out blasting materials, the dustproof and preparation of reclaiming resilience thing;
(2) sprayed mortar material
The materials such as cement, coarse-fine aggregate, mixing water, accelerating admixture must meet the requirements, and must stir simultaneously, and the weighing deviation of material must not surpass:
(3) match ratio and water/binder ratio
Rod calculates according to combined bolting and shotcrete is theoretical, and concrete spray coating thickness is 50mm, and concrete water-cement ratio is 0.45, and matching materials is than being cement: sand: stone=1:2:1.5, adopts PO42.5 portland cement, 1m
3concrete cement consumption is 460kg, the medium sand that sand particle diameter is 0.3mm～3mm, and mud content is no more than 3%.Sand for Concrete amount is 920kg, and stone maximum particle diameter is 10mm, and consumption is 1m
3concrete 690kg.The strength mark of sprayed mortar requires to reach R
28=No. 200, its modulus of elasticity is 2.1MPa * 10MPa, and design strength is 11MPa.Water/binder ratio is 0.4～0.45, and the amount that adds accelerating admixture in sprayed mortar is cement weight 2～3%, and mix is even.
(4) spray technology and operation
Concrete sprays and is divided into twice injection, sprays first in time 2cm after roadway excavation, sprays 3cm general's covering after wire lath hangs up properly again.
1. operating air pressure.Practice shows, correctly controls operating air pressure, is the key that reduces resilience, reduction dust, guarantees concrete quality, generally with 1.1～1.3 * 105Pa, is advisable.Usually, for dry type spraying machine:
Unloaded pressure=conveying pipeline length (m) * 0.01 (* 105Pa);
Operating pressure=1+ conveying pipeline length (m) * 0.013 (* 105Pa);
2. hydraulic pressure.Hydraulic pressure generally should be than the high 1 * 105Pa of air pressure left and right, to guarantee that the dry mixing material that nozzle place water ring can be crossed abundant moistening a flash regulates the water valve on nozzle water ring can control hydraulic pressure;
3. water/binder ratio.Water/binder ratio is advisable with 0.4～0.45 in theory, but due to the water yield, directly controls water valve control by operator in practical operation, and the siccative flow that conveying pipeline transports is also inhomogeneous, is difficult to quantitatively, therefore can only lean on the experience of operator to judge.When the water yield is few, there is dry spot in concrete surface, and springback capacity is large, dust from flying; When the water yield is large, concrete can produce slippage, tenesmus or trickling, and suitable water/binder ratio can be avoided above-mentioned phenomenon.
4. nozzle be subject to the distance of spray plane.Suitable nozzle and the distance that is subject to spray plane, be to guarantee that concrete springback rate is little, obtains the weight factor of higher sprinkler body intensity.Generally with 0.8m～1.2m, be advisable.
5. injection direction be subject to the angle of spray plane.Facts have proved, injection direction rebound degree when being subject to spray plane vertical is minimum, and the angle of oblique is less, and rebound degree is higher.Therefore during practical operation, require injection direction as far as possible perpendicular to being subject to spray plane.
6. mixing and stirring of siccative controlled and quiet putting the time.The weighing allowable error of material is: cement 2%, aggregate 5%, accelerating admixture 2%.Adopt forced action type stir and be less than one minute, adopt vertical stir and be less than two minutes, manually must not mix and stir and be less than three times.The quiet time that puts of mix must not surpass 15min when being mixed with accelerating admixture, while not mixing accelerating admixture, must not surpass 2h.Accomplish with following use as far as possible.
7. spray machine operation.Before operation, conscientiously check preparation, when operation starts, first give compressed air → again to establishing moving motor → then feedwater → last feed by cable.During the end of job, first stop material spray in feed in raw material → standby and after having sprayed, stop motor → final cutting water source, compressed air cleaning protection machine.
8. spraying operation.Before spray, should first with high-pressure blast, clean scar, if scar is dry, answer water to squirt scar.While starting to spray, can first adopt nozzle move mode, to being subject to spray plane to spray skim ductile bed by left and right and the mode of strafing up and down, then carry out normal injection on this thin layer.During normal injection, nozzle points to the injecting time of the three unities should be excessively not of a specified duration, because can increase resilience like this and spray-up is inhomogeneous.Spray regime should be for nozzle be perpendicular to scar preferably, nozzle is made to circle or the elliptical motion of system, the high about 15cm～20cm of this annular, is about 40cm～60cm, each circle transverse shifting 8cm～15cm, so that obtain minimum resilience and uniform thickness.
Injection order should be first wall rear arch, from bottom to top.Floating spoil will be cleaned in wall base angle, and the tight spray of spray is real pulls open section, is sprayed in turn half of tunnel, then turns the another half of tunnel of shower nozzle spray, finally closes up spray vault.
For rough scar, should take first recessed rear protruding, correct spray regime from bottom to top.
When secondary is sprayed with steel mesh reinforcement again, first want water to squirt scar, make bonds well between twice concrete, meanwhile, should adopt closely oblique and fast mode spray, make not interspace after wire lath, wire lath is sprayed in concrete.
9. the maintenance of sprayed mortar.Spray and concrete in owing to adding accelerating admixture, cement consumption is large and fines is many, easily produce contraction fissure, large 2～5 times than ordinary concrete of shrinkage value, its main cause absorbs moisture and produces while being sclerosis, the best preventive way is in 2h～4h, to start wet curing after spray, water spray number of times will make it keep enough moistening, and the wet curing time must not be less than 7 round the clock.Only have trickle area and relative humidity 95%, just not to carry out wet curing when above.
10. country rock Seepage water.During for situations such as scar have trickle, seeps water and drips, before construction, to understand fully water source situation, for different situation, adopt and the mode of harnessing the river such as seal, block up, cut, lead, blow.
The integrated poured construction of 2.6 concrete
(1) concrete proportioning is chosen
Because scraper tunnel is subject to repeatedly repeated mining, affect, according to design rule, steel concrete label should not be less than C20, at this, presses C30 design, and its modulus of elasticity is 3 * 104MPa, and its normal intensity is 22MPa, and cement is chosen common PO42.5 portland cement.Therefore calculated by following empirical formula.
In formula: R
28one concrete is the compressive strength (kg/cm of maintenance after 28 days under standard conditions
2);
R
cone cement grade;
A mono-test coefficient, rubble gets 0.45, and cobble gets 0.5;
B mono-test coefficient, gets 0.5;
C/W mono-cement water ratio, the i.e. weight ratio of cement and water in unit volume concrete.
Bring given data into above formula and calculate C/W=1.627, be water/binder ratio W/C=0.61, in practical application, can adjust according to on-the-spot slump test and concrete test block test, because the on-the-spot construction period of stope is tight at present, do not possess experiment condition, therefore rule of thumb data are chosen and made water/binder ratio near calculated value, concrete mix (weight ratio) is chosen for, cement: sand: stone=1:1.74:3.55, water/binder ratio is 0.55, i.e. every m
3concrete cement consumption is 350kg, is by weight: every 50kg, river sand 87kg for cement, uses rubble 178kg, water 27.5kg.
Particularly point out, current stirring once with mixer of job site institute, just fill the grey car of the grey flat board of fortune, the about 0.32m of grey vehicle volume
3therefore, stirring and once should add the about 112kg of cement amount, the match ratio that only adds bag to bag half cement by worker's custom is far from being enough.
(2) material requirements
For cement, accomplish to buy i.e. use as far as possible, do not deposit for a long time, particularly can not make moist.For the river sand as fines, mud content must not be greater than 3%, and the content of organic matter mica etc. must not be greater than 1%, for the excessive river sand of mud content, will rinse and can use.Rubble is that common rocks forms through artificial or Mechanical Crushing, and it is concrete more than 1.5～2 times that its intensity should be, and can not contain mud or other organic impurities.
(3) construction (comprising bucket eaves)
1. site clearing, excavates basis.First clear up two and help float stone, then excavate basis by design width and the degree of depth, basis requires 300mm * 200mm, and 200mm is dark, and 300mm is wide, and driving must put in place, placing of concrete again after measuring.
2. water wall and arch.First formwork, in line with the pouring order of first wall rear arch, waters thickness 300mm, should be strictly by design and construction.Simultaneously steel mesh reinforcement degree is 300mm * 200mm, and 300mm's be the reinforcing bar of φ 12mm and using it as arch muscle, arch muscle is long is 7.125m.200 be φ 8 reinforcing bars, as lacing wire, between reinforcing bar binding site, to adopt tied silk to tighten.For preventing out picture honeycomb hole and pitted skin, abundant tamping is wanted in vibration, can on steel form, brush oil simultaneously.While watering again between the concrete of twice pouring, to spray water fully moistening, be convenient to combine closely.
3. connect top.In concrete casting process, require not interspace at vault as far as possible, at the position that is difficult for connecing top, should take manually to put cement roll or connect top to the way of position, space sprayed mortar.
4. the pouring of eaves struggles against.Bucket eaves pouring reinforcement adopts double steel bar net, and steel mesh reinforcement degree is 200mm * 200mm, and arch muscle is the reinforcing bar of φ 12mm, and lacing wire is φ 8mm reinforcing bar.Interior stringcourse muscle is long is 6.368m, and outer stringcourse muscle is long is 6.682m.Bucket is worn by basket handle arch design size and is poured into a mould, and bucket eaves raises 0.2m cast going out mine mouth place, and sets of brackets on top of the columns wall is high is progressively inwardly increased as 1.967m by 1.767m, and sagitta is constant.
Tie up requirement and vibratory concrete requirement the same.
5. form removal.After concrete casting is good, could form removal after needing maintenance a period of time, be generally no less than five days, during form removal, to forbid to beat with sledgehammer, the template of pulling down will be scrubbed in time, damages will repairing in time of distortion, if metope has deficiency, also will be repaired in time.
(4) maintenance
After concrete casting is good, must carry out maintenance, curing time should be no less than 28 days in accordance with regulations, maintenance groundwork is the concrete water spray to pouring, make its long-term maintenance moistening, only when ambient humidity is greater than 95～100%, just can not carry out maintenance, the object of maintenance is that cement is fully hardened, and increases late strength of concrete.
This scraper laneway support method solves the supporting difficult problem be subject to repeatedly the soft rock scraper road, joint that blasting vibration and ore drawing dynamic pressure affect, thereby scraper roadway excavation adopts smooth Surface Blasting Technology to reduce surrounding rock failure, rear employing anchor and spray net carries out preliminary bracing, and multi-injection strengthens concrete thickness, for preliminary bracing structure provides enough intensity, rigidity, control the distortion of the rear initial stage country rock of excavation, prevent country rock inbreak; Simultaneously supporting and protection structure has certain flexibility, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevents that supporting and protection structure rigidity is excessive and destroys; Spray anchor netting gear has the effect of controlling country rock local fall, improves globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock, reduces on the whole secondary supporting cost.For reducing the impact of blasting impact and ore drawing dynamic loading, the integrated poured supporting and protection structure of final steel concrete adopts semicircular arch, can reduce vault lifting surface area, more be conducive to scraper road upper pressure to abutment wall transmission, guarantee the steadiness of the integrated poured supporting and protection structure of steel concrete.According to the functional characteristic in scraper tunnel, adopt Combined Support Technology by stages, first form initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure, the combined supporting structure that final formation spray anchor net and steel concrete combine, to control surrouding rock stress and Displacement Development, guarantee the stability in scraper road, guarantee carrying out smoothly of ore drawing production work.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. a scraper laneway support method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, scraper roadway excavation and definite supporting time;
B, at scraper tunnel surface pneumatically placed concrete layer;
C, at the position of pneumatically placed concrete layer, hang anchor pole, close plating net;
D, pneumatically placed concrete layer covers described anchor pole and described wire lath again;
After completing, e, above-mentioned work carries out monobloc cast concrete;
F, after form removal maintenance, form scraper roadway support structure.
2. scraper laneway support method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Scraper cross-section shape of roadway described in step a is semicircular arch;
Employing smooth Surface Blasting Technology driving.
3. scraper laneway support method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Definite supporting time described in step a,
According to joint broken soft rock scraper tunnel structure and functional characteristic, determine, rock mass is high by joint cutting degree, fragmentation is even loose media, scraper roadway excavation degree is high, scraper polycrystalline substance overall height is little, scraper roadway support need stand repeatedly to fall impact injury and the impact of ore drawing dynamic loading of ore deposit great explosion, be divided into preliminary bracing and final supporting by the supporting in scraper tunnel.
4. scraper laneway support method according to claim 3, is characterized in that,
All there is the initial stage of scraper roadway support and final period certain supporting intensity,
Initial stage adopts anchor and spray net to carry out supporting,
Control displacement, inbreak and the stress development of country rock, improve globality and the country rock self-bearing capacity of country rock,
The structure of preliminary bracing simultaneously has certain flexibility, can absorb a part of strain of rock mass energy, prevents that supporting and protection structure rigidity is excessive and damaged.
5. scraper laneway support method according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
Described step a, b, c, d, e adopt Combined Support Technology by stages,
First order is implemented described step a, b, c, d, forms initial stage Shotcreting anchorage-netting Support Structure;
In order to reduce the impact of explosion on scraper stability of the roadway, the ore deposit great explosion that falls adopts the many segment blasts of multi-segment, reduces onepull amount;
After final concreting supporting is selected in great explosion or before last layering explosion, it it is the best opportunity of the final supporting in scraper tunnel;
According to the best supporting time of determining, implement described step e, the combined supporting structure that final formation spray anchor net and steel concrete combine.
6. scraper laneway support method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the jetting thickness of the layer of concrete described in step b is 1cm-5cm.
7. scraper laneway support method according to claim 5, is characterized in that,
Described anchor pole in step c adopts the pipe-seam type anchor rod of full length fastening,
Described anchor pole bar footpath is 35mm-55mm,
Described rock-bolt length is 1.5m-2.5m;
Described wire lath adopts the mild steel wire braiding that diameter is 5mm-8mm to form,
Grid internal diameter is 20cm-35cm.
8. scraper laneway support method according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
Described anchor pole is pressed radial arrangement along top, limit side and/or the base angle in scraper tunnel,
Longitudinal pitch and/or horizontal spacing are 50cm-80cm,
The described anchor pole of every row is laid 5-15.
9. scraper laneway support method according to claim 8, is characterized in that,
Before described step c implements, add step b ',
For rockbolt installation position, carry out pretreatment, squeeze into before described anchor pole, in advance in the boring of scraper tunnel wall body,
Described boring aperture is less than described anchor pole external diameter,
Described anchor pole is squeezed in hole by pressure and/or impact force,
The pulling capacity of described anchor pole after installation after 10 days is at least 10KN.
10. scraper laneway support method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, in described anchor pole outer end, pad adds pallet.
11. scraper laneway support methods according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the cladding thickness of the layer of pneumatically placed concrete described in steps d is 2cm-5cm, according to supporting requirement, multi-injection layer of concrete increases the thickness of shotcrete layer, improves intensity, the rigidity of preliminary bracing.
12. scraper laneway support methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that,
In described steps d, meet scraper tunnel rock crushing rate high or tunnel in loose media, need to adopt short distance excavating and short distance supporting or advance support,
Advance support adopts rail by a sharpening, and other end adopts pusher leg drill to carry out pushing tow, closes rotating function during pushing tow;
After tunneling into lane, carry out immediately supporting operation, supporting is watered rail in the lump and is filled in supporting, increases the rigidity of supporting.
13. scraper laneway support methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that, on the concrete top that connects of step e monobloc cast simultaneously, in step e, the finished section of concreting is shaped as semicircular arch.
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| CN106930762A (en) * | 2017-03-19 | 2017-07-07 | 南京银茂铅锌矿业有限公司 | A kind of stope filling body slope reinforcement method |
| CN107941620A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-20 | 山东建筑大学 | Underground engineering bolt-mesh-spurting supporting structural mechanical property test evaluation device and method |
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