CN1036007A - 乳化炸药的化学发泡法 - Google Patents
乳化炸药的化学发泡法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1036007A CN1036007A CN89101636A CN89101636A CN1036007A CN 1036007 A CN1036007 A CN 1036007A CN 89101636 A CN89101636 A CN 89101636A CN 89101636 A CN89101636 A CN 89101636A CN 1036007 A CN1036007 A CN 1036007A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
- C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Air Bags (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种发泡油包水型乳化炸药的改
进方法,其中将产气剂与乳化炸药混合。所说产气剂
为油包水型乳液,在其不连续相中含有亚硝酸钠水溶
液。此亚硝酸钠与乳化炸药的不连续相中的硝酸铵
反应产生分散于整个炸药中的小气泡。该方法的优
点是改进了气泡的分布,提高了炸药对雷管的敏感
性。
Description
本发明涉及对雷管起爆敏感的油包水型乳化炸药的制备方法。术语“对雷管起爆敏感”是指该炸药可用普通的8号雷管引爆。
油包水型乳化炸药在炸药领域是众所周知的,业已证明这种炸药制备工艺安全、经济而且简单,爆破效果优异。授予Bluhm的3447978号美国专利公开了第一种实用的乳化炸药组合物,此组合物含溶有供氧盐的不连续水相、碳质燃料连续相、吸留气体和乳化剂。继Bluhm后,又有文章报导了油包水型乳化炸药组合物的改进和变化。这些类型炸药的制备方法是,在乳化剂存在下,用液体碳质燃料将溶于水中的有机氧化剂盐进行乳化。这些组合物一般是由混入其中的小气泡或所含截留有气体的材料来敏化的。例如,US3706607,US3711345和US3790415中介绍了气泡的现场混入方法,即利用其中的化学试剂的分解而在乳液中化学产生气体。一般而言,是将所说发泡剂加到经乳化的其他成份的混合物中,在气泡产生时,所说组合物的粘度应能截留气泡。US4008180报导了乳化炸药的化学发泡方法,具体做法是将产气材料注入乳液流中,然后再把此液流输入一个或多个包装接受器中。其后,此产气材料进行反应释放气体,从而在包装中将乳液发泡。
上述方法象用混合或类似办法将所说的产气物质分散于整个炸药乳液中的类似方法一样并非没有缺点。为使产气剂分散充分,必须在混合步骤中将此化学产气剂粉碎成小颗粒并使这些颗粒分散在整个乳化炸药中。由于这样的混合步骤使所说的化学产气剂在整个乳液中的分散基本是随机的,于是其中有大量乳液将不产生气体。由于产气物质和气泡分散不均匀,因而炸药会缺乏雷管敏感性。为使化学产气剂的分散有所改善,公开的南非专利说明书85/3253推出了一种办法,即使用两种成份的化学产气系统。此系统中,将一种活性成份与碳质燃料相混合,把第二种活性成份与含盐水相混合。随后再将此碳质燃料相和含盐水相乳化以制备在整个乳化组合物中气泡分散均匀的体系。虽然此法有优点,但是此乳液的两相中的两种活性成份的量均须仔细控制。而且,为了使很小的气泡在整个乳液中分散合理,必须将此两种细粒状的活性成份现场合并,以使之分散在整个乳化物上。
本发明提供了一种将由无机氧化剂盐、液体碳质燃料、水和乳化剂组成的乳化炸药进行化学发泡制备炸药的改进方法。此方法包括把乳液产气剂配制成其中的产气剂的活性成份是不连续相的油包水型乳液形式,于油包水型乳化炸药中加入所说的乳液产气剂。所说产气剂本身就是一种油包水型乳液,它是采用惯常的混合或搅拌方法分散于所说的乳化炸药的。产气剂活性成份与乳化炸药的不连续相中所含的无机氧化剂盐反应而产生分散于整个乳化炸药中的小气泡。
用于本发明的产气活性物质是亚硝酸钠。含在乳化的产气剂的不连续相中的亚硝酸钠与含在乳化炸药组合物的不连续相中的氧化剂盐成份反应。此工艺中所用的乳化的产气剂的确切量是变化的,其具体用量取决于所制备的产品中所欲要的最终密度和将乳化的产气剂加到此乳化炸药中时配方的温度。一般说来,混入所说乳化炸药混合物中的量(按重量计)为0.5%-30%,优选1%-12%。一般在48-77℃的普通混合温度下,将乳化的产气剂加到所说乳化炸药中,而其优选的办法是,混合物要有足够的粘度使得在产气反应生成泡沫时,能截留小的气泡。
按标准乳化炸药制备方法来制备乳化的产气剂。把需要量的亚硝酸钠和选择性成份金属硝酸盐溶解在水中以制备水溶液,把此水液徐徐加到由油和表面活性剂组成的混合物中,于高剪切力下,于介质中将其混合几分钟直至形成乳液。作为一种产气剂来说,在将其加入到乳化炸药前,活性成份亚硝酸钠是稳定的,随后则将与存在于乳化炸药不连续相中的硝酸铵反应而产生气泡,产气反应的速度取决于混合程度、混合物的温度、介质的PH值、及存在的催化剂等。本发明的乳化产气剂含(按重量计):0.5%-30%的亚硝酸钠、5%-90%的水、1%-50%的碳质液体和1%-25%的乳化剂。除其中的亚硝酸钠成份外,此乳化的产气剂也可含其他选择性成份,例如硝酸钠、硝酸钙、细分散的铝、染料、增稠剂和气泡稳定剂。各成份的优选比例选择为接近总的氧平衡,即在乳化的产气剂和乳化炸药中的燃料和氧化剂的量要正好能足以完全反应。可选择地,乳化的产气剂本身就能配制成氧平衡、或接近氧平衡,这样,工艺过程中就能调节产气剂的量以控制气体生成量而对总的氧平衡又无影响。
将发明的乳化的产气剂与乳化炸药进行混合的优点基于这一事实,即粘度相近的液体组合物比粘度不同的液体组合物混合更加容易而且完全。利用本发明的方法将两种分开的粘度相近的油包水型乳液进行混合,消耗少的能量即可达到混合充分而有效。
本发明的优点将通过下面的实施例和表作进一步说明。
实施例1
配制若干份经乳化的含有不同量亚硝酸钠和其他成份的产气剂。将这些经乳化的产气剂和乳化炸药组合物混合,然后再装入包装袋(直径为25mm)。测定每一组合物的密度,最小起爆药量和爆速(VOD)。经乳化的产气剂的成份示于表Ⅰ中。
试验所用的乳化炸药组合物的组成列于下表Ⅱ中。
表Ⅱ
乳化炸药 A B C
成分重量%
表面活性剂 1.7 1.9 1.9
碳质燃料 4.3 3.2 3.0
硝酸铵 62.1 62.7 59.4
硝酸钠 15.0 15.2 14.4
硝酸钙 4.7 4.7 4.5
水 12.2 12.3 11.7
铝 - - 5.1
试验结果列于下表Ⅲ中。
对表Ⅲ进行分析即可看出如将本发明的经乳化的产气组合物同几种其他不同炸药组合物配方一道使用时,其最终产品则具有优异的炸药性能。
Claims (5)
1、含有氧化剂盐、碳质燃料、水和乳化剂和乳化炸药的化学发泡方法,其中将产气物料与所说乳化炸药进行混合发生反应,放出气体使所说乳化炸药起泡,其特征在于所说的产气物料含亚硝酸钠水液的油包水型乳液、碳质燃料和乳化剂。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于所说产气乳液中含(按重量计):0.5%-3.0%亚硝酸钠、5%-90%水、1%-50%碳质燃料和1%-25%乳化剂。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,按重量计,产气乳液的用量为总的组合物的1%-30%。
4、根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于,按重量计,产气乳液的用量为总的组合物的1%-12%。
5、根据权利要求1-4的任一权利要求的方法,其特征在于产气乳液还含有添加剂,它选自氧化剂盐类、细分散的铝、染料、增稠剂和气泡稳定剂。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8802209 | 1988-02-02 | ||
GB888802209A GB8802209D0 (en) | 1988-02-02 | 1988-02-02 | Chemical foaming of emulsion explosive compositions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1036007A true CN1036007A (zh) | 1989-10-04 |
Family
ID=10630876
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN89101636A Pending CN1036007A (zh) | 1988-02-02 | 1989-02-02 | 乳化炸药的化学发泡法 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4875951A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0327205A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH01226787A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1036007A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU609930B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1319015C (zh) |
GB (2) | GB8802209D0 (zh) |
IE (1) | IE890308L (zh) |
MW (1) | MW389A1 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO890409L (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA89391B (zh) |
ZM (1) | ZM389A1 (zh) |
ZW (1) | ZW989A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110950722A (zh) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-04-03 | 湖北东神天神实业有限公司 | 一种防止敏化气泡逸出的乳化炸药用发泡剂及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5397399A (en) * | 1994-06-22 | 1995-03-14 | Mining Services International | Emulsified gassing agents containing hydrogen peroxide and methods for their use |
US5670739A (en) * | 1996-02-22 | 1997-09-23 | Nelson Brothers, Inc. | Two phase emulsion useful in explosive compositions |
US5920030A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1999-07-06 | Mining Services International | Methods of blasting using nitrogen-free explosives |
US6800154B1 (en) | 1999-07-26 | 2004-10-05 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsion compositions |
US6982015B2 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2006-01-03 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Reduced energy blasting agent and method |
GB0506605D0 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2005-05-11 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Improvements in and relating to monitoring |
WO2007048192A1 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-05-03 | Newcastle Innovation Limited | Gassing of emulsion explosives with nitric oxide |
PE20080896A1 (es) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-08-21 | African Explosives Ltd | Sistema explosivo que tiene una emulsion basica y una solucion sensibilizante |
EP2125675A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2009-12-02 | Newcastle Innovation Limited | Methods for gassing explosives especially at low temperatures |
KR101077849B1 (ko) * | 2008-06-18 | 2011-10-28 | 정인범 | 친환경 연료 활성화 장치 |
CN102060634B (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-09-19 | 山东天宝化工有限公司 | 乳化炸药及其快速化学发泡敏化方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4409044A (en) * | 1982-11-18 | 1983-10-11 | Indian Explosives Limited | Water-in-oil emulsion explosives and a method for the preparation of the same |
NZ206983A (en) * | 1983-02-15 | 1988-02-29 | Ici Australia Ltd | Dynamite explosive composition |
AU578460B2 (en) * | 1984-04-19 | 1988-10-27 | Ici Australia Limited | Water in oil emulsion explosives and stabilizers therefor |
NO155691C (no) * | 1984-11-30 | 1987-05-13 | Dyno Industrier As | Fremgangsmaate for aa redusere tettheten i en sprengstoffblanding av typen vann-i-olje-emulsjon. |
SE459419B (sv) * | 1985-05-08 | 1989-07-03 | Nitro Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av ett emulsionsspraengaemne av typen vatten-i-olja, en braenslefas foer anvaendning vid saadant foerfarande samt ett spraengaemnessystem |
SE451196B (sv) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-09-14 | Nitro Nobel Ab | Forfarande for framstellning av ett emulsionssprengemne av typ vatten-i-olja och en oxidationskomposition for anvendning av forfarandet |
IN171629B (zh) * | 1986-07-07 | 1992-11-28 | Aeci Ltd | |
ZW11287A1 (en) * | 1986-11-04 | 1989-01-25 | Aeci Ltd | Process for the production of an explosive |
US4756726A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-07-12 | Terry Peace | Regenerable dehumidifier |
US4790890A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1988-12-13 | Ireco Incorporated | Packaged emulsion explosives and methods of manufacture thereof |
-
1988
- 1988-02-02 GB GB888802209A patent/GB8802209D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-01-12 EP EP89300236A patent/EP0327205A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-01-12 GB GB8900642A patent/GB2215328A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-01-16 MW MW3/89A patent/MW389A1/xx unknown
- 1989-01-17 ZA ZA89391A patent/ZA89391B/xx unknown
- 1989-01-20 ZM ZM3/89A patent/ZM389A1/xx unknown
- 1989-01-23 ZW ZW9/89A patent/ZW989A1/xx unknown
- 1989-01-25 AU AU28771/89A patent/AU609930B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-01-31 IE IE890308A patent/IE890308L/xx unknown
- 1989-02-01 CA CA000589830A patent/CA1319015C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-02-01 NO NO89890409A patent/NO890409L/no unknown
- 1989-02-02 JP JP1022739A patent/JPH01226787A/ja active Pending
- 1989-02-02 US US07/305,463 patent/US4875951A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-02 CN CN89101636A patent/CN1036007A/zh active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110950722A (zh) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-04-03 | 湖北东神天神实业有限公司 | 一种防止敏化气泡逸出的乳化炸药用发泡剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU609930B2 (en) | 1991-05-09 |
GB8900642D0 (en) | 1989-03-08 |
JPH01226787A (ja) | 1989-09-11 |
GB8802209D0 (en) | 1988-03-02 |
ZA89391B (en) | 1990-12-28 |
EP0327205A1 (en) | 1989-08-09 |
NO890409L (no) | 1989-08-03 |
AU2877189A (en) | 1989-08-03 |
NO890409D0 (no) | 1989-02-01 |
MW389A1 (en) | 1989-10-11 |
IE890308L (en) | 1989-08-02 |
CA1319015C (en) | 1993-06-15 |
US4875951A (en) | 1989-10-24 |
ZM389A1 (en) | 1989-06-30 |
GB2215328A (en) | 1989-09-20 |
ZW989A1 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
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