CN103586109A - Crushing, pulping and sorting apparatus for kitchen waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for crushing, pulping and sorting kitchen waste, which includes a cavity, a central shaft, a steel hammer, an inner cylinder, a feeding port, and a slurry outlet; Driven central shaft, the upper part of the cavity is provided with a feed inlet, inside the cavity there is an inner cylinder with a certain distance from the outer wall of the cavity, the lower part of the inner cylinder is provided with a sieve plate, and the bottom of the chamber between the sieve plate and the outer wall of the cavity is provided with a Slurry outlet; there are at least two rows of steel hammers on the central axis, and each row of steel hammers is evenly distributed on the central axis in a spiral or in a row; the steel hammers are flat and have a rectangular cross-section, which can rotate on the plane of the flat, and the steel There is an inclination angle between the hammer relative to the vertical plane of the central axis, and the side surface of the steel hammer is irregular in zigzag shape. The device of the invention can realize pulping of kitchen waste, adjustment of water content and screening of light matter, and has the advantages of high degree of integration, perfect function, compact structure and the like.

Description

A device for crushing, pulping and sorting food waste

technical field

The invention relates to the field of garbage treatment, in particular to an efficient device for crushing, pulping and sorting kitchen garbage.

Background technique

Kitchen waste is the domestic waste formed by residents in the process of living and consumption. It is rich in organic matter, high in moisture content (80-90%), perishable, easy to cause adverse effects on environmental sanitation, and easy to breed pathogenic microorganisms and mycotoxins Spread bacteria and viruses. Food waste has obvious resource characteristics and pollutant characteristics, but for a long time, my country has lacked a reasonable recovery mechanism for food waste, which not only leads to environmental pollution, but also causes food waste such as "waste oil" and "garbage pigs". Security incidents occur frequently. By establishing a complete management system and incentive mechanism for recycling, transportation, and centralized treatment, it is possible to make resourceful use of kitchen waste, turn waste into wealth, and turn harm into profit. It can not only develop a circular economy, but also solve kitchen waste. Food safety issues caused by waste, to avoid the current phenomenon of waste oil back to the dining table and so on.

Food waste is generally processed through crushing, sand removal, and oil separation, and then anaerobic fermentation can be used for power generation and biodiesel production. Due to the high water content of food waste, it cannot be treated like ordinary waste, and a special treatment device is required. After the food waste is generally recycled by restaurants or communities, it needs to be beaten to obtain a slurry after the food waste is crushed. During this process, the hard-to-break and other materials that are not suitable for subsequent processing will be initially removed in the waste. After the obtained slurry is desanded and other operations, oil recovery and fermentation can be carried out to turn waste into treasure. The oil in it can be recycled as biodiesel, and the solid can be used as raw material for fermentation to produce biogas; the biogas residue can be used as organic fertilizer; even the materials that are difficult to break and not suitable for subsequent processing can be processed. Recycle metal. Finally, the recycling of all components is realized, which minimizes the harm of food waste to the environment.

The Chinese patent application with the publication number CN10225347A discloses a hammer-knife garbage crusher, which crushes food waste in the following manner: the material collides with the hammer handle connected to the rotating shaft and the anvil knife on the wall plate to achieve crushing. ; The softer flexible material is sheared and crushed by the active shearing edge set on the breaking hammer and the passive shearing edge in the hammer cutting crushing chamber. This patent has the following defects:

1. Heavy materials are directly crushed without sorting, which will cause mechanical wear and shorten the life of the equipment. For materials that cannot be crushed, such as iron and stone, forcible crushing may even lead to jamming and damage to the motor;

2. Light materials that cannot be broken will hinder the crushing process, and even stay in the crushing cavity and cannot be discharged;

3. The structure is complex, resulting in inconvenient disassembly, resulting in difficult maintenance and prone to problems.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kitchen waste treatment device which can effectively process the kitchen waste, make it into slurry and can preliminarily sort the food waste.

In order to solve this technical problem, the device of the present invention mainly includes: a cavity, a central shaft, a steel hammer, an inner cylinder, a material inlet, a material outlet, a slurry outlet, and an impurity outlet.

The feed inlet is set above the cavity, and its specific setting is common knowledge of those skilled in the art, and its shape can be circular or square.

The cavity is a cylindrical cavity with a circular inner cylinder. There is a certain distance between the inner cylinder and the cavity. It can also be arranged in a gourd-like shape formed by connecting multiple cylindrical cavities to improve For separation efficiency, each unit in the gourd-shaped cavity has a central shaft connected with a steel hammer, but the number of cylindrical cavities should not be too large, otherwise the pulping separation effect will decrease instead.

The central shaft is a rotating shaft connected to the motor, and a certain number of steel hammers are installed on it along the axial direction. One end of the steel hammer is fixed on the central shaft with bolts, and the other end is at a distance from the inner cylinder. When the motor drives the central shaft to rotate, the driven steel hammer collides violently with the incoming material, thus breaking the material. The crushed material is thrown onto the inner cylinder. The lower part of the inner cylinder is a sieve plate with sieve holes. There is still a certain space between the sieve plate and the outer wall of the chamber. The crushed material passes through the sieve under the action of extrusion and centrifugal force. The plate enters the cavity between the cavity and the inner cylinder, and finally slides down to the slurry outlet at the lower end of the cavity, thereby realizing the crushing, pulping and sorting of kitchen waste. The distance between the top of the steel hammer and the sieve plate or the inner cylinder is preferably 50mm, if the distance is too large, the crushing efficiency will be reduced.

At least one row of symmetrical steel hammers is arranged along the axis of the central axis, and four rows are recommended. The steel hammer is flat and has a rectangular cross-section, and its side view is an irregularly shaped sawtooth structure, as shown in Figure 5. The upper end of the tooth-like structure is a rectangle or trapezoid; when the structure is trapezoidal, the inner end of the trapezoid (the bottom of the trapezoid) is slightly larger than the outer end (the top of the trapezoid, where it connects to the central axis), preferably, the ratio of the top and bottom of the trapezoid If it is greater than 7:10 (such as 3:4), too small a ratio will cause the connection to be too fragile. In addition, the ratio of the height of the trapezoid or rectangle to the length of the bottom side of the trapezoid is 4-6:1, and the ratio of the height of the trapezoid to the length of the sawtooth segment is 1:1-3. The lower end of the irregular structure is a sawtooth structure, and the lower part also has a hole for fixing. In order to protect the steel hammer from being worn by hard substances, the steel hammer is fixed between two stoppers with bolts. When encountering hard substances, such as iron blocks or stones, the steel hammer will be bounced off. The surface of the stopper and the bolts used for fixing, as well as the corners and corners of the cavity should be as smooth as possible, without protrusions or corners, so as to prevent the contact and fixation of garbage, especially the contact of fiber materials. Here, both sides of the steel hammer can be connected to the center shaft, and when one end is worn out, it can be reversed and continued to be used.

The steel hammers are installed in line on the central axis, and there are 4 rows distributed according to the circumference. Each steel hammer and the vertical plane of the main shaft have an included angle of no more than 8°, which can generate axial thrust when rotating, so that the material can move forward. .

Improvement on the above installation method, the steel hammer can be installed in a spiral on the shaft, and can generate uniform thrust when rotating, making the crushing more uniform, as shown in Figure 6.

Optionally, when the kitchen waste cannot be fully crushed with one central shaft, two or more main shafts can be set to prolong the crushing time and carry out alternate crushing to improve the crushing effect, and do not need too much steel when processing materials Hammer, at this time the cavity correspondingly changes into the aforementioned gourd-like cavity.

The sieve plate is arranged at the lower part of the cavity, and is used for sieving out large particles of material and flowing out of slurry. In order to ensure the best crushing effect, only the sieve plate is set on the lower part of the inner cylinder of the horizontal cylindrical cavity, and the rest of the inner cylinder is only used for the transportation of food waste. Preferably, the part with the sieve plate in the lower part accounts for about 1/3 of the circumference of the inner cylinder (120° arc in the lower part). The pore size of the sieve hole on the sieve plate decreases gradually along the material conveying direction or remains constant, correspondingly, the number of holes per unit area remains constant or decreases gradually. Optionally, the present invention can also use a sieve plate with a fixed sieve hole diameter and hole spacing and uniform distribution.

In order to avoid unbroken light materials being blocked by the screen surface, a fan is installed at the inlet, which can generate an air flow from the separator inlet to the outlet, so as to convey the light materials to the outlet. The size of the air flow should be appropriate, it is better to be able to blow up lighter materials.

In order to prevent the long fiber material from being entangled on the steel hammer or the central shaft, the device can be intermittently reversed during operation, and the distance and time of the reverse can be set in advance or after operating the separator.

When separating food waste, sometimes there is a high solid content, which can be solved by installing a water adding system at the entrance of the device.

The present invention has following advantage:

1. The use of movable steel hammer not only reduces the degree of mechanical wear, but also has a simple structure and is easy to disassemble;

Moreover, both sides of the steel hammer can be used, and one side can be used after being worn out, saving costs;

2. It avoids the accumulation of garbage in one place without being processed, and can generate thrust to discharge the garbage that cannot be broken;

3. It is equipped with a fan, which can discharge light garbage that cannot be crushed; and the design of the positive and negative rotation of the central axis can effectively prevent long fibers from being entangled;

4. It can handle waste with high solid content,

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 1 device

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of embodiment 1 device

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of embodiment 2 device

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the steel hammer, where a is the A-direction view of the steel hammer, and b is the B-direction view of the steel hammer

Fig. 5 is the installation schematic diagram of the steel hammer of embodiment 1

Fig. 6 is the installation schematic diagram of the steel hammer of embodiment 2

Detailed ways

Figures 1 to 6 show two optimal implementations of the present invention, the difference being that the cavity adopts one (as shown in Figure 2) or two cylinders (as shown in Figure 3), and the installation of the steel hammer is different (Figure 2 5, Figure 6), the two different devices will be introduced below.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the device mainly includes a feed inlet, a horizontal cylindrical cavity, a central axis, a steel hammer installed on it, a slurry outlet, and an inner cylinder.

The cavity is a cylinder with a diameter of 70cm, inside which there is a cylindrical inner cylinder whose size matches it; there is a feeding port on the cavity, which is a round hole with a diameter of 30cm, which can be closed when not feeding , to prevent the leakage of odor. There is a central shaft in the center of the cavity, which is connected to an external motor, and the central shaft can rotate forward and reverse. There is a circular inner cylinder in the cavity, and the distance between the circular inner cylinder and the outer wall of the cavity is 5 cm.

A steel hammer is installed on the central shaft. The shape of the steel hammer is shown in Figure 4. Its side (A view) is a rectangle of 20×200mm, and it is an irregular shape with sawtooth seen from the other side (B view). Its upper part is a trapezoid, the length of the upper side of the trapezoid is 15mm, the length of the lower side is 19mm, the height of the trapezoid is 80mm, and there is a round hole with a diameter of 12mm at a distance of 15mm from the upper side, which is used for fixing the steel hammer by means of bolts. The method of steel hammer is common knowledge in this field. The lower part of the irregular shape is a sawtooth structure, which is similar to the "connection" of multiple frustums from the head to the tail (bottom edge to bottom edge - top edge to top edge). Here, the basic unit of the frustum is viewed from the side It is a trapezoidal structure, its shorter base is equal in length, and its longer base gradually increases from inside to outside or from top to bottom on the corresponding figure, and a round hole with a diameter of 12mm is also set at a distance of 15mm from the bottom . The steel hammer is smoothed, which can effectively reduce the entanglement of the steel hammer on light materials such as cloth, and improve the crushing efficiency; the flexible fixation of the steel hammer can effectively prevent the steel hammer from being damaged.

There is also a water adding system at the feed inlet to improve the material separation effect of food waste with a high solid content. The amount of water added is determined according to the solid content of the material to be added.

There is also a fan on the inlet side of the cylindrical cavity, which can generate air flow for conveying light materials to the outlet. The size of the fan varies according to the different wastes to be processed and the size of the cavity. It is 15m ³ /min; the nominal pressure of the fan is kept within a certain range, such as 34kPa.

The inner cylinder of the cylindrical cavity is a sieve plate with a sieve hole, and there is a chamber between the sieve plate and the outer wall of the cavity; the aperture of the sieve hole is 24mm at the entrance, and gradually decreases to 10mm along the material conveying direction or the aperture remains the same. , the number of pores per unit area remains constant or decreases gradually. Optionally, the present invention can also use the following stainless steel filter screen, the sieve hole diameter is 8mm, and the hole distance is between 12-16mm and evenly distributed. The distance between the sieve plate and the steel hammer is 50mm, if it is too large, it will affect the separation effect and cause the material to stagnate. The lower part of the chamber is provided with a slurry outlet, and the slurry entering the chamber through the sieve plate flows out from the slurry outlet. The sieve plate is set within 120° of the bottom of the inner cylinder, accounting for about 1/3 of the circumference of the inner cylinder. The slurry enters the chamber through the sieve plate and is collected into the slurry outlet.

As shown in Figure 5, a certain number of steel hammers are installed on the central axis in the form of spiral arrangement along the axial direction. Evenly arranged on the same circumference; and the distance between adjacent helixes is 100mm; the inclination angle a of the flat plate of the steel hammer or its plane relative to the axial vertical plane of the shaft is 8 degrees, which can generate a certain thrust to make the garbage Move forward.

There is also an annular baffle at the end of the cylindrical cavity, which narrows the opening of the cavity, effectively avoiding the flow of the organic matter slurry out of the cavity, and the baffle can also be opened for the removal of garbage that cannot be crushed.

The tail end of the cylindrical cavity is also provided with an impurity outlet for discharging unbroken substances out of the device.

When working, the material enters the device from the feed port. The central shaft driven by the motor rotates at high speed, and the driven steel hammer collides violently with the materials entering the cavity, thus crushing the materials. The crushed material is thrown onto the crusher cavity, enters the outer cavity through the sieve plate, and flows out from the lower slurry outlet. Since the steel hammer is arranged on the central axis and has a certain inclination angle, it can form a forward thrust when rotating at a high speed, and the material is pushed forward while being crushed. The unbroken material and the crushed material that cannot pass through the sieve plate are It is pushed to the end of the cavity and discharged from the impurity outlet at the end of the cavity. For lighter materials that cannot be broken, a fan installed on the side of the feed port can be used to blow them out.

Since the long fiber material may be entangled on the steel hammer, it can be intermittently reversed during operation to separate the long fiber material entangled on the steel hammer or shaft.

Example 2

The difference from Example 1 is that the present invention combines two cylindrical cavities into a gourd-shaped cavity (as shown in Figure 3), and the cavity where the inlet is located and the cavity where the outlet is located are For different chambers, the inner cylinders are correspondingly set in a gourd shape. This device can effectively prolong the crushing time and help crush materials that are difficult to crush.

At the same time, as shown in Figure 6, while retaining four rows of steel hammers, this device changes the installation method of the steel hammers to spiral installation. The steel hammers are evenly distributed on the same circumference, but the steel hammers in the same row are in different positions. On the helix, the distance between two helixes is 150mm, and the distance between two adjacent steel hammers on the same helix is 100mm.

The above two devices can be used to crush food waste, and can remove materials such as cloth, silk, plastic, etc., and the slurry prepared by the device of the present invention can be used for post-treatment of food waste, and achieve better results.

According to the above description, those skilled in the art can think of various modifications and adjustment possibilities, not limited to the above content, some changes are as follows:

- remove the fan or water adding system;

- fixing more than one steel hammer, such as two steel hammers, at the position of a steel hammer;

——Change the aperture of the sieve plate, the rotational speed of the shaft, the size and shape of the steel hammer, etc.;

——Change the number of steel hammers installed in each circle, and the helix angle of each row of steel hammers.

Claims (11)

1. A device for crushing, pulping and sorting food waste, comprising: a cavity, a central shaft, a steel hammer, a feed inlet, and a slurry outlet, characterized in that: The upper part of the cavity is provided with a feed port, and there is more than one central shaft driven by external power in the cavity, an inner cylinder is arranged in the cavity, and a sieve plate is arranged at the lower part of the inner cylinder, and the cavity between the inner cylinder and the outer wall of the cavity There is a slurry outlet at the bottom; At least one row of steel hammers is arranged on the central shaft, and the steel hammers are fixed on the central shaft with bolts, and each row of steel hammers is evenly distributed on the central shaft in a spiral or straight line; The steel hammer is in the shape of a flat plate with a rectangular cross-section, and the flat plate of the steel hammer has an inclination angle relative to the vertical plane of the central axis, and the side surface of the steel hammer has an irregular zigzag shape. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of said central axes is two. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the outer side of the steel hammer and the inner cylinder is not greater than 50mm. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inclination of the flat plate of the steel hammer relative to the plane perpendicular to the central axis is within the range of 1-20 degrees, and it is installed on two stops fixed on the central axis. Between the blocks, connect them with a helix. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the sieve plate is made of stainless steel, the sieve holes on the sieve plate have an aperture diameter of 8mm, and a distance between 12-16mm, which is uniformly distributed. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the sieve plate is located at the lower end of the inner cylinder. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a fan is provided at the feeding end of the cavity for discharging unbreakable light substances. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a water adding system is provided at the position of the feed inlet. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the tail end of the cavity is connected with an annular baffle which reduces the opening of the cavity. 10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that 4 rows of steel hammers are arranged in a straight line on the central axis, and the flat plate of the steel hammers has an angle of 8° relative to the plane perpendicular to the central axis. angle. 11. The device according to claims 1-10, characterized in that 4 rows of steel hammers are arranged in a spiral manner on the central axis, and the flat plates of the steel hammers have an included angle of 8° with respect to a plane perpendicular to the central axis .

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