CN103579377B - 具有堆叠配置的抬升式光电二极管 - Google Patents

具有堆叠配置的抬升式光电二极管 Download PDF

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CN103579377B
CN103579377B CN201310153809.3A CN201310153809A CN103579377B CN 103579377 B CN103579377 B CN 103579377B CN 201310153809 A CN201310153809 A CN 201310153809A CN 103579377 B CN103579377 B CN 103579377B
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lifting type
semiconductor substrate
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image sensor
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CN103579377A (zh
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万孟勋
朱怡欣
陈思莹
陈保同
刘人诚
杨敦年
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Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co TSMC Ltd
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Abstract

一种器件包括:具有形成在其中的抬升式光电二极管的图像传感器芯片、以及位于图像传感器芯片下方并且接合至图像传感器芯片的器件芯片。该器件芯片具有电连接至抬升式光电二极管的读出电路。本发明还提供了一种具有堆叠配置的抬升式光电二极管。

Description

具有堆叠配置的抬升式光电二极管
本申请要求以下临时提交的美国专利申请的优先权:申请序列号No.61/677,851,于2012年7月31日提交,并且名为“Elevated Photodiodewith Stacked Scheme”,其内容结合于此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体领域,更具体地,本发明涉及一种具有堆叠配置的抬升式光电二极管。
背景技术
图像传感器,并且特别是背照式(BSI)图像传感器变得越来越普遍并且在多种应用中使用。作为集成电路技术的趋势,该趋势朝向用于图像传感器的越来越小的特征,以允许较低成本和较高封装密度。当像素间距缩小至亚微米范围,光电二极管区域被限制并且因此很难保持诸如信噪比(SNR)、量子效率(QE)、灵敏度等的性能。
抬升式光电二极管(elevated photodiode)可以克服在传统结构和用于制造这样的结构的方法中的一些缺点。然而,需要用于所谓的抬升式光电二极管的特定处理调谐,并且相同的特定处理调谐将由专用集成电路(ASIC)处理条件限制。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中所存在的问题,根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种封装件,包括:图像传感器芯片,其中形成有抬升式光电二极管;以及器件芯片,位于所述图像传感器芯片下方并且接合至所述图像传感器芯片,所述器件芯片具有电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管的读出电路。
在所述封装件中,所述图像传感器芯片包括:半导体衬底,位于所述抬升式光电二极管下方;以及第一互连结构,位于所述半导体衬底下方并通过所述半导体衬底中的部件电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管。
在所述封装件中,所述图像传感器芯片进一步包括位于所述半导体衬底中的存储节点,所述存储节点将所述抬升式光电二极管和所述第一互连结构互连。
在所述封装件中,所述抬升式光电二极管进一步包括:底部电极,位于所述存储节点上方并与所述存储节点相接触;光电转换层,位于所述底部电极上方;以及顶部电极,位于所述光电转换层上方。
在所述封装件中,所述图像传感器芯片包括:半导体衬底;以及通孔,从所述半导体衬底的顶面延伸至底面,所述通孔将所述读出电路电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管。
在所述封装件中,所述图像传感器芯片进一步包括位于所述半导体衬底上方的互连结构,并且所述抬升式光电二极管位于所述互连结构上方。
在所述封装件中,进一步包括:深沟道隔离件,形成环绕所述抬升式光电二极管的底部电极和光电转换层的隔离环。
在所述封装件中,所述隔离环延伸通过所述图像传感器芯片的半导体衬底。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种封装件,包括:图像传感器芯片,包括:第一半导体衬底;抬升式光电二极管,覆盖所述第一半导体衬底;第一互连结构,电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管;以及器件芯片,位于所述图像传感器芯片下方并接合至所述图像传感器芯片,其中,所述器件芯片包括:第二半导体衬底;读出电路,位于所述第二半导体衬底的顶面,所述读出电路电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管;和第二互连结构,覆盖所述第一半导体衬底。
在所述封装件中,所述第一互连结构位于所述第一半导体衬底下方,并且所述读出电路通过所述第一互连结构和所述第二互连结构电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管。
在所述封装件中,进一步包括:存储节点,位于所述第一半导体衬底中并且连接在所述抬升式光电二极管和所述第一互连结构之间。
在所述封装件中,所述第一互连结构位于所述第一半导体衬底上方,其中,所述读出电路通过穿过所述第一半导体衬底的通孔电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管。
在所述封装件中,进一步包括:深沟道隔离件,包括:第一部分,形成环绕所述抬升式光电二极管的底部电极和光电转换层的隔离环;以及第二部分,穿过所述图像传感器芯片的所述第一半导体衬底。
在所述封装件中,进一步包括:滤色器,覆盖所述抬升式光电二极管并与所述抬升式光电二极管对准;以及微透镜,覆盖所述滤色器并与所述滤色器对准。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了一种方法,包括:在图像传感器晶圆的半导体衬底上方形成抬升式光电二极管;以及将所述图像传感器晶圆和器件晶圆接合在一起,所述器件晶圆包括电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管的读出电路。
在所述方法中,进一步包括:减薄所述图像传感器晶圆的背面,以暴露出所述半导体衬底中的存储节点;以及执行形成所述抬升式光电二极管的步骤,包括:在所述存储节点上方形成接触所述存储节点的底部电极;在所述底部电极上方形成光电转换层;和在所述光电转换层上方形成顶部电极,其中,在所述接合步骤之后,所述器件晶圆和所述抬升式光电二极管位于所述半导体衬底的相对侧。
在所述方法中,进一步包括:减薄所述图像传感器晶圆的背面;从所述图像传感器晶圆背面形成通孔;以及执行所述接合步骤,其中,所述图像传感器晶圆的背面接合至所述器件晶圆。
在所述方法中,形成所述抬升式光电二极管的步骤包括:使所述半导体衬底的背面凹进直到所述背面低于深沟槽隔离区的顶部,从而形成凹部,所述深沟槽隔离区穿过所述半导体衬底以形成环;在所述凹部中并且在所述半导体衬底的背面上方形成底部电极,所述底部电极被所述环所环绕;以及在所述底部电极上方形成光电转换层。
在所述方法中,形成所述抬升式光电二极管的步骤进一步包括:在所述深沟槽隔离区和所述光电转换层上方形成接触所述深沟槽隔离区和所述光电转换层的透明顶部电极。
在所述方法中,进一步包括:形成覆盖所述抬升式光电二极管并对准所述抬升式光电二极管的滤色器;以及形成覆盖所述滤色器并与所述滤色器对准的微透镜。
附图说明
为了更完整地理解实施例以及其优点,现在结合附图对以下说明作出参考,其中:
图1是根据一些典型实施例的第一实施例结构的示意性横截面图。
图2是根据一些典型实施例的第一实施例结构的示意性横截面图。
图3a至图3c示出根据一些典型实施例的图1中的说明性实施例器件的制造的中间步骤的横截面图;以及
图4a至图4c示出根据一些典型实施例的图2中的说明性实施例器件的制造的中间步骤的横截面图。
具体实施方式
以下详细论述本发明的实施例的制造和使用。然而,应该想到,实施例提供可以在多种特定上下文中具体化的多个可应用发明思想。所论述的特定实施例仅是示意性的,并且不限制本发明的范围。
根据多种典型实施例提供一种包括堆叠在第二芯片上的抬升式光电二极管的第一芯片的封装和形成相同封装的方法。示出形成封装件的中间阶段。论述多种实施例。贯穿多个视图和说明性实施例,相似参考数字被用于指定相似元件。
特别地,在提出所示出的实施例之前,通常论述多种所示和所涉及的实施例的方面。本发明的实施例提供包括具有抬升式光电转换层(有时在此称为光电转换层)的传感器晶圆的堆叠器件和器件晶圆,以形成抬升式光电二极管图像传感器。在一些实施例中,图像传感器晶圆100和器件晶圆200(图1)被堆叠用于面对面接合。在其他实施例中,图像传感器晶圆100和器件晶圆200(图2)被堆叠用于正面对背面接合。在一些实施例中,隔离结构在像素之间形成以改进串扰隔离性能。本发明的多种实施例可以为所得到的图像传感器提供高占空因数。对邻近像素之间的电串扰的抗扰性是一些实施例的有利特征。本发明的实施例还提供用于在每个晶圆上的灵活处理调谐。
现转向所示出的实施例,图1在横截面图中示意性地示出图像传感器晶圆100和器件晶圆200以正面对正面(face-to-face)接合布置方式进行堆叠。在图像传感器晶圆100上示出两个像素单元110,但是在图像传感器晶圆100上通常形成更多像素单元100。本领域技术人员将认识到,图像传感器晶圆100的组件包括所示出的像素单元110,并且为了清楚起见,这样的组件在此不被详细描述。同样地,可以接收并且处理来自像素单元110的电信号的器件晶圆200的组件在此被示意性地示出,但是不详细地描述,因为那些详情对于本发明的理解是不必要的,和/或一旦被告知本发明的本领域技术人员将明白。
图2示出堆叠图像传感器晶圆100和器件晶圆200,其中,晶圆100和200按照正面对正面接合配置被配置。注意,图像传感器晶圆100的不同结构,特别是存储节点112和互连结构114的位置,用于正面对背面(face-to-back)接合配置。
制造封装件(诸如图1中所示的封装件)的中间步骤在图3a至图3c中被示意性示出。图3a示出制造的中间阶段的结构。在图3a所示的阶段中,形成其中包括多个相同图像传感器芯片100’的图像传感器晶圆100。存储节点112和互连结构114已形成在传感器晶圆100上,并且图像传感器晶圆100已按照正面对正面结构接合至器件晶圆200(其中,先前已形成适当的有源器件和无源器件以及其互连)。存储节点112由注入区域形成。在一些实施例中,存储节点112被连接至转移栅极晶体管118,其被配置成电互连存储节点112和电断开相同像素单元110中的相应浮动扩散区。在可选实施例中,转移栅极晶体管118形成在器件晶圆200中而不是在图像传感器晶圆100中。在说明性实施例中,互连结构114被示出为包括一层互连。应该想到,多层的互连结构114可以在多个介电层121中形成,在一些实施例中,多个介电层可以包括低-k介电层。
图像传感器晶圆100还包括半导体衬底120,其可以为硅衬底,或可以由诸如硅锗、硅碳、III-V化合物半导体材料等的其他半导体材料形成。贯穿说明书,包括互连结构114的衬底120的一侧被称为衬底120的正面(该侧还被称为图像传感器晶圆100的正面),并且相对侧被称为背面。因此,在图3a中,图像传感器晶圆100的正面朝下。
为了简单起见,在图像传感器晶圆100上示出两个像素单元110。值得注意的是,更多像素单元110在本发明的预期范围内。像素单元110由诸如深沟槽隔离(DTI)结构的隔离部件124分隔开,深沟槽隔离结构由诸如氧化物(例如,氧化硅)和/或氮化物(例如,氮化硅)的介电材料形成或包括诸如氧化物和/或氮化物的介电材料。DTI结构124可以从衬底120的背面延伸到衬底120中。此外,在一些实施例中,DTI结构124可以穿透衬底120,并且从120A的前表面(朝下的表面)延伸至背面120B。在图3a中的结构的顶视图中,DTI结构124可以互连以形成连续网格,像素单元110包括在网格开口处的部分和网格的外部并且垂直对准网格开口的部分。换句话说,DTI结构124包括每个都环绕每个像素单元110的一部分的多个环状物。
图3a还示出器件晶圆200的横截面图,其中包括多个相同器件芯片200’。器件晶圆200包括衬底220和在衬底220的前表面形成的逻辑电路223。在一些实施例中,衬底220为硅衬底。可选地,衬底220由诸如硅锗、硅碳、III-V化合物半导体材料等的其他半导体材料形成。根据一些典型实施例,逻辑电路223包括读出电路222。每个读出电路222都可以包括多个晶体管,诸如行选择器226、源极跟随器228和复位晶体管230。行选择器226、源极跟随器228和复位晶体管230可以形成像素单元110的一部分,每个像素单元110都包括行选择器226之一、源极跟随器228之一、和复位晶体管230之一。因此,每个像素单元110可以延伸到器件晶圆200中以包括读出电路222之一。
逻辑电路222还可以包括诸如数模转换器(ADC)、相关双采样(CDS)电路、行解码器等的一个或多个图像信号处理(ISP)电路,其还可以被认为是读出电路的一部分。互连结构214形成在逻辑电路223之上并且电连接至逻辑电路223。互连结构214包括多个介电层221中的多个金属层和在介电层221中设置的金属线和通孔。在一些典型实施例中,介电层221包括低k介电层。低k介电层可以具有低于约3.0的低k值。介电层221可以进一步包括由具有大于3.9的k值的非低k介电材料形成的钝化层。在一些实施例中,钝化层包括氧化硅层、氮化硅层、未掺杂硅酸盐玻璃层和/或其他。
金属焊盘142和242分别形成在晶圆100和200的表面处,其中,金属焊盘142和242可以分别具有与介电层121和221中的顶部之一的顶表面基本平齐的顶表面。金属焊盘142和242还可以包括铜、铝和其他可能的金属。金属焊盘142被接合至相应金属焊盘242,使得晶圆100和200中的器件彼此电连接。在一些实施例中,作为接合的结果,每个像素单元110都包括晶圆100中的一部分和晶圆200中的一部分,其彼此电连接以形成可以响应于光子激励生成电信号并且响应于用于读出并且复位电信号的命令存储和输出电信号的集成功能像素单元。
如图3a所示,在晶圆100和200接合之后,将图像传感器晶圆100的背面(用箭头145表示)。所得到的半导体衬底120可以具有小于约10μm的厚度,或小于约5μm的厚度。可以例如通过机械研磨/抛光、通过化学机械抛光、通过蚀刻等来减薄图像传感器晶圆100。厚度是技术节点和期望器件性能的伪像(artifact),并且可以通过常规实验被调整。
如图3b所示,进一步减薄衬底120的背面的部分,以暴露在相应像素单元110中的相应存储节点112。可以通过选择性地蚀刻衬底120实现减薄,并且不蚀刻DTI结构124。作为结果,衬底120的背面120B低于DTI衬底124的顶端124A。像素电极144在与相应存储节点112的电通信中形成。在一些实施例中,像素电极144还被称为底部电极144。
当其他导电材料在本发明的预期范围内时,用于底部电极144的可用材料的实例包括A1、TiN、Cr等。可以使用诸如化学汽相沉积(CVD)、物理汽相沉积(PVD)、等离子体增强化学汽相沉积(PECVD)、金属有机化学汽相沉积(MOCVD)、溅射等技术沉积底部电极144。在所示实施例中,底部电极144形成约0.3μm到约0.8μm之间的厚度。底部电极144可以与相应的下部存储节点112接触以建立电连接。
光电转换层146形成在底部电极144形成并且与底部电极144电通信(并且可以接触),如图3c所示。透明顶部电极148形成在光电转换层146之上并且与光电转换层146电通信。举例来说,并且不受限制,光电转换层146可以包括无定形硅、量子点层、有机材料等。而且,顶部电极148可以包括铟锡氧化物(ITO),但是一旦被告知本发明,本领域的技术人员通过常规实验将认识到合适选择。可以通过DTI结构124将光电转换层146彼此分开。顶部电极148可以为具有与光电转换层146和DTI结构124的顶表面接触的底表面的连续层。每个底部电极144、光电转换层146和顶部电极148的相应覆盖部分形成抬升式光电二极管149,其与在半导体衬底中构建的传统光电二极管不同。
返回参考图1,根据一些典型实施例,诸如滤色器150、微透镜152等的附加组件形成在图像传感器晶圆100的背面上。所得到的堆叠晶圆100和200被锯开成封装件,其中,每个封装件都包括来自图像传感器晶圆100的一个芯片100’和来自器件晶圆200的一个芯片200’。
图4a至图4c示出诸如图2中所示的正面对背面结构的封装件的制造的中间步骤。除非另外指出,这些实施例中的组件的材料和形成方法基本与在图1和图3a至图3c中所示的实施例中由相似参考数字表示的相似组件相同。图2和图4a至图4c中所示的关于形成处理的详述、材料和规格的组件可以在图1和图3a至图3c中所示的实施例的论述中找到。
如上所述,被用于正面对背面配置的图像传感器晶圆100与适用于面对面配置的图像传感器晶圆100不同。例如,如图4a所示,光电二极管149(包括透明顶部电极148、光电转换层146和底部电极144)在衬底120和互连结构114之上形成。通过一个或多个中间传导互连结构114,存储节点112和相应光电二极管149彼此电连接,如所示。在这些实施例中的隔离结构124’可以具有与光电转换层146的顶表面平齐的顶表面、以及与底部电极144的底表面平齐的底表面。
在图4a所示的制造阶段,图像传感器晶圆100基本是完整的,其中,滤色器150和/或微透镜152邻近光电二极管149形成。图像传感器晶圆100被示出装配到诸如玻璃衬底的载体54上。这可以使用粘合层56将载体54粘合到图像传感器晶圆100实现。石英、硅、或其他材料可以代替玻璃使用。在将图像传感器晶圆100装配到载体54之后,例如,使用类似于关于图3a描述的那些的处理,减薄图像传感器晶圆100的背面(由箭头145表示)。
注意,在这些实施例中,在晶圆减薄处理中不必须暴露出存储节点112。这部分因为从存储节点的顶部形成与存储节点112的电接触,即,远离晶圆100的背面的表面。在图像传感器晶圆100减薄至期望厚度之后,氧化层58形成在背面上,如图4b所示。在一些实施例中,氧化层58包括氧化硅,并且可以使用诸如PECVD的沉积方法形成。从图像传感器晶圆100的背面的表面延伸至互连结构114还形成有时被称为通孔60并且有时被称为衬底通孔或硅通孔(TSVs)的通孔60。多种电连接可以以此方式作出。虽然图4b中示出一个通孔60,但是可以形成多个通孔以及由此导致的多个电连接。此外,每个像素单元110可以包括一个或多个通孔。虚线125被划出以表示通孔60和晶圆100中的器件之间的可能电连接。
图4c示出将图像传感器晶圆100的背面接合至器件晶圆的正面的处理。虚线225还被划出以表示通孔60和逻辑电路223之间的电连接。器件晶圆200可以例如与图3a所示出的基本相同。然而,在图4c的实施例中,器件晶圆200在其正面(具有互连结构214的一侧)具有适合接合表面,以确保到图像传感器晶圆100的充分粘合和接合。该表面可以为处理后的氧化物表面、高抛光硅表面、或提供用于与图像传感器晶圆100的“背”面上的氧化物层的充分接合的任何其他表面。在接合处理中务必适当地将图像传感器晶圆100和器件晶圆200对准,以确保在相应晶圆100和200上形成的触点互相对准,以在相应晶圆100和200上的器件之间形成良好电接触。此外,载体54和粘合层56可以被去除,并且执行分割,以将所接合的晶圆100和200锯成多个封装件,每个封装件都包括来自晶圆100的芯片100’和来自晶圆200的芯片200’,得到根据典型实施例的图2中所示的结构。
所示的实施例提供图像传感器晶圆的处理可以被优化用于形成像素元件的有利部件。而且,处理可以被优化用于形成诸如在器件晶圆中的读出电路的支持电路。由于图像传感器晶圆和器件晶圆具有不同处理需求,这是有利的。从而,通过将制造处理分开,图像传感器晶圆和器件晶圆的制造处理不互相影响。而且,通过形成抬升式光电二极管,由于其不受在相应晶圆中的金属路径或任何晶体管影响,光电二极管的填充因数可以被最大化。
根据一些典型实施例,一种器件包括:图像传感器芯片,在其中形成抬升式光电二极管(elevated photodiode);以及器件芯片,位于图像传感器芯片下方并且接合至图像传感器芯片,器件芯片具有电连接至抬升式光电二极管的读出电路。
根据其他实施例,一种器件包括图像传感器芯片和器件芯片。图像传感器芯片包括第一半导体衬底、上覆盖第一半导体衬底的抬升式光电二极管、以及电连接至抬升式光电二极管的第一互连结构。器件芯片在图像传感器芯片下面并且接合至图像传感器芯片。器件芯片包括第二半导体衬底、以及第二半导体衬底的顶表面处的读出电路。读出电路被电连接至抬升式光电二极管。器件芯片进一步包括上覆盖第一半导体衬底的第二互连结构。
根据另外的其他实施例,一种方法包括:在图像传感器晶圆的半导体衬底之上形成抬升式光电二极管;以及将图像传感器晶圆和器件晶圆接合在一起,其中,器件晶圆包括电连接至抬升式光电二极管的读出电路。
虽然详细描述了实施例及其优点,但是应该理解,在不脱离由所附权利要求限定的实施例的精神和范围的情况下,可以在此做出多种改变、替换和更改。此外,本申请的范围不旨在限于处理、机器、制造以及在说明书中描述的事物、手段、方法和步骤的组合的特定实施例。本领域普通技术人员从所披露的实施例可以容易地想到,根据本发明可以利用执行与在此描述的相应实施例基本相同的功能或者实现与其基本相同的结果的当前存在或随后开发的处理、机器、制造、事物、手段、方法或步骤的组合。从而,所附权利要求旨在包括在这样的处理、机器、制造、事物、手段、方法或步骤的组合的范围内。另外,每个权利要求都构成单独实施例,并且多个权利要求和实施例的结合在本发明的范围内。

Claims (20)

1.一种封装件,包括:
图像传感器芯片,所述图像传感器芯片包括:
抬升式光电二极管;以及
半导体衬底,位于所述抬升式光电二极管下方;以及
器件芯片,位于所述图像传感器芯片下方并且接合至所述图像传感器芯片,所述器件芯片具有电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管的读出电路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的封装件,其中,所述图像传感器芯片包括:
第一互连结构,位于所述半导体衬底下方并通过所述半导体衬底中的部件电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管。
3.根据权利要求2所述的封装件,其中,所述图像传感器芯片进一步包括位于所述半导体衬底中的存储节点,所述存储节点将所述抬升式光电二极管和所述第一互连结构互连。
4.根据权利要求3所述的封装件,其中,所述抬升式光电二极管进一步包括:
底部电极,位于所述存储节点上方并与所述存储节点相接触;
光电转换层,位于所述底部电极上方;以及
顶部电极,位于所述光电转换层上方。
5.根据权利要求1所述的封装件,其中,所述图像传感器芯片包括:
半导体衬底;以及
通孔,从所述半导体衬底的顶面延伸至底面,所述通孔将所述读出电路电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管。
6.根据权利要求5所述的封装件,其中,所述图像传感器芯片进一步包括位于所述半导体衬底上方的互连结构,并且所述抬升式光电二极管位于所述互连结构上方。
7.根据权利要求1所述的封装件,进一步包括:深沟道隔离件,形成环绕所述抬升式光电二极管的底部电极和光电转换层的隔离环。
8.根据权利要求7所述的封装件,其中,所述隔离环延伸通过所述图像传感器芯片的半导体衬底。
9.一种封装件,包括:
图像传感器芯片,包括:
第一半导体衬底;
抬升式光电二极管,覆盖所述第一半导体衬底;
第一互连结构,电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管;以及
器件芯片,位于所述图像传感器芯片下方并接合至所述图像传感器芯片,其中,所述器件芯片包括:
第二半导体衬底;
读出电路,位于所述第二半导体衬底的顶面,所述读出电路电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管;和
第二互连结构,覆盖所述第一半导体衬底。
10.根据权利要求9所述的封装件,其中,所述第一互连结构位于所述第一半导体衬底下方,并且所述读出电路通过所述第一互连结构和所述第二互连结构电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管。
11.根据权利要求10所述的封装件,进一步包括:存储节点,位于所述第一半导体衬底中并且连接在所述抬升式光电二极管和所述第一互连结构之间。
12.根据权利要求9所述的封装件,其中,所述第一互连结构位于所述第一半导体衬底上方,其中,所述读出电路通过穿过所述第一半导体衬底的通孔电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管。
13.根据权利要求9所述的封装件,进一步包括:深沟道隔离件,包括:
第一部分,形成环绕所述抬升式光电二极管的底部电极和光电转换层的隔离环;以及
第二部分,穿过所述图像传感器芯片的所述第一半导体衬底。
14.根据权利要求9所述的封装件,进一步包括:
滤色器,覆盖所述抬升式光电二极管并与所述抬升式光电二极管对准;以及
微透镜,覆盖所述滤色器并与所述滤色器对准。
15.一种形成半导体器件的方法,包括:
在图像传感器晶圆的半导体衬底上方形成抬升式光电二极管;以及
将所述图像传感器晶圆和器件晶圆接合在一起,所述器件晶圆包括电连接至所述抬升式光电二极管的读出电路。
16.根据权利要求15所述的形成半导体器件的方法,进一步包括:
减薄所述图像传感器晶圆的背面,以暴露出所述半导体衬底中的存储节点;以及
执行形成所述抬升式光电二极管的步骤,包括:
在所述存储节点上方形成接触所述存储节点的底部电极;
在所述底部电极上方形成光电转换层;和
在所述光电转换层上方形成顶部电极,其中,在所述接合步骤之后,所述器件晶圆和所述抬升式光电二极管位于所述半导体衬底的相对侧。
17.根据权利要求15所述的形成半导体器件的方法,进一步包括:
减薄所述图像传感器晶圆的背面;
从所述图像传感器晶圆背面形成通孔;以及
执行所述接合步骤,其中,所述图像传感器晶圆的背面接合至所述器件晶圆。
18.根据权利要求15所述的形成半导体器件的方法,其中,形成所述抬升式光电二极管的步骤包括:
使所述半导体衬底的背面凹进直到所述背面低于深沟槽隔离区的顶部,从而形成凹部,所述深沟槽隔离区穿过所述半导体衬底以形成环;
在所述凹部中并且在所述半导体衬底的背面上方形成底部电极,所述底部电极被所述环所环绕;以及
在所述底部电极上方形成光电转换层。
19.根据权利18所述的形成半导体器件的方法,其中,形成所述抬升式光电二极管的步骤进一步包括:在所述深沟槽隔离区和所述光电转换层上方形成接触所述深沟槽隔离区和所述光电转换层的透明顶部电极。
20.根据权利要求15所述的形成半导体器件的方法,进一步包括:
形成覆盖所述抬升式光电二极管并对准所述抬升式光电二极管的滤色器;以及
形成覆盖所述滤色器并与所述滤色器对准的微透镜。
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