CN103551851B - A kind of sheet metal part combined shaping method of bottom belt bulge-structure and mould - Google Patents
A kind of sheet metal part combined shaping method of bottom belt bulge-structure and mould Download PDFInfo
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- CN103551851B CN103551851B CN201310471791.1A CN201310471791A CN103551851B CN 103551851 B CN103551851 B CN 103551851B CN 201310471791 A CN201310471791 A CN 201310471791A CN 103551851 B CN103551851 B CN 103551851B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/002—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种底部带凸起结构的金属板材零件复合成形方法及模具，所述底部带凸起结构包括拉深件主体部和凸起部，所述拉深件主体部和凸起部为一体化结构，其特征在于，有金属板料一次成形时包括如下步骤：(一)落料：落料冲裁出拉深坯料；(二)背压拉深：拉深上一步落下的坯料，并且背压块在拉深过程中施加背压力压缩拉深件底部，实现边拉深边压缩，金属材料在拉深的同时流入成形凸起的小凹模中，主体部与凸起部同时成形。本发明加工载荷较小，受力、变形均匀，加工过程平稳，能减少凸起出的缩孔缺陷，加工材料厚度适应性大。本发明不仅保证了产品的质量，延长了模具寿命，还提高了产品的生产效率，降低了生产成本。
The invention relates to a compound forming method and mold for a metal plate part with a raised structure at the bottom. The raised structure at the bottom includes a main part of a drawing part and a raised part, and the main part and the raised part of the drawing part are The integrated structure is characterized in that the forming of the metal sheet includes the following steps: (1) blanking: blanking and punching out a drawn blank; (2) back pressure deep drawing: drawing the blank dropped in the previous step, And the back pressure block applies back pressure to compress the bottom of the drawn part during the drawing process, realizing compression while drawing, the metal material flows into the small die forming the protrusion while drawing, and the main body and the protrusion are formed at the same time . The invention has small processing load, uniform stress and deformation, stable processing process, can reduce protruding shrinkage cavity defects, and has great adaptability to the thickness of processed materials. The invention not only ensures the quality of the product and prolongs the life of the mold, but also improves the production efficiency of the product and reduces the production cost.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种底部带凸起结构的金属板材零件复合成形方法及模具，属于底部带凸起的金属板料拉深件及其类似零件的生产领域，涉及塑性成形技术中的冲裁、拉深、挤压等工艺与复合成形模具设计。The invention relates to a compound forming method and mold for a metal plate part with a raised bottom structure, which belongs to the production field of drawn metal parts with a raised bottom and similar parts, and relates to punching and drawing in plastic forming technology Deep, extrusion and other processes and composite forming die design.
背景技术Background technique
众所周知，轻量化是电子产品制造的一个发展趋势，在满足材料性能要求和产品功能的前提下，主要靠结构简捷化和零部件数最小化来实现。对于在电子产品中起固定作用的腔体、箱体和盒体等，在其内表面成形各种凸起来固定元件是结构简捷化的一种表现，凸起与其一体化设计也减少了零件的数目，满足轻量化的制造要求。As we all know, lightweight is a development trend of electronic product manufacturing. Under the premise of meeting the material performance requirements and product functions, it is mainly achieved by simplifying the structure and minimizing the number of parts. For cavities, boxes and boxes that play a fixed role in electronic products, forming various protrusions on their inner surfaces to fix components is a manifestation of simplified structure, and the integrated design of protrusions and them also reduces parts. The number meets the lightweight manufacturing requirements.
现用于在金属板料上成形凸起的加工方法主要有熔接、机加工、铸造、粉末冶金、反挤压加工法等。其中反挤压加工法在加工精度和加工成本方面都有优势，用的很多。The processing methods currently used to form protrusions on sheet metal mainly include welding, machining, casting, powder metallurgy, and reverse extrusion processing. Among them, the reverse extrusion processing method has advantages in processing accuracy and processing cost, and is used a lot.
挤压成形凸起靠在凸模上施加很大的加工载荷，将坯料挤压至屈服再流入凹腔内成形，加工载荷大，模具寿命短，板料受力集中，属于局部成形，在凸起处易出现缩孔等缺陷，并且反挤压成形凸起的坯料不能太薄，局限较大。Extrusion forming The protrusion leans against the punch to apply a large processing load, and the billet is extruded until it yields and then flows into the cavity for forming. The processing load is large, the life of the mold is short, and the force on the sheet is concentrated, which belongs to partial forming. Defects such as shrinkage cavities are prone to occur at the starting point, and the raised billet formed by reverse extrusion cannot be too thin, and the limitation is relatively large.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的装置是一种集冲裁(落料)、拉深、压缩于一体，在金属板料上一次冲压形成带凸起的拉深件的复合成形模具。本发明所述三种变形工序，采取先串后并式组合方式，即在压力机的一次行程中，先落料分离得到拉深坯料，然后将坯料边拉深边反挤得到零件。模具由模柄、上模座、上模板、凸模、凹模、拉杆、拉环、托板、拉套、压边圈、凸凹模、下模板、卸料板、导套、下模座、螺母、钢珠、护珠套、弹簧、橡胶块组成，模柄、拉杆、上模板、凹模和凸模固定在上模座上，凸模上开有的小凹腔即成形凸起的凹模。拉杆、托板、拉套、橡胶块、压边圈、弹簧、钢珠和护珠套等构成常压边力压边机构，其工作原理是：上模开始下行，拉杆通过钢珠传力带动整个压边机构随上模下行，压边圈压住板料，弹簧和橡皮被压缩，上模继续下行，钢珠被拉杆、拉套带入导套的孔槽内，并脱离出拉套的孔槽，此后拉杆随上模继续下行，压边机构其余零件停止不动，压边力保持恒定不变，直至拉深反挤过程结束；上模上行，拉杆的孔槽经过拉套的孔时，在导套和拉套的作用下，钢珠回到拉杆的孔槽，并脱离出导套的孔槽，使压边机构与上模连为一体随上模复位。该压边机构可通过调节托板与钢珠之间的距离使压边力达到最佳值，其优势在于结构紧凑，压边力与拉深行程无关且在整个拉深过程中保持不变，尤其适应于压边机构须装在上模的深拉深复合模具。下模座上安装有凸凹模，卸料机构和导套，卸料机构通过弹簧和螺钉装在下模板上，导套内开有孔槽配合压边机构的拉套容纳钢珠，下模座对应凸凹模开有相应大小的直通孔，背压块穿过下模座直通孔提供背压力，并联合拉深凸模在拉深过程中边拉深边压缩工件底部金属板料，进而形成凸起结构。The device of the present invention is a compound forming die which integrates punching (blanking), drawing and compression, and forms a drawn part with protrusions by one stamping on a metal sheet. The three deformation processes described in the present invention adopt the combination method of series first and then parallel, that is, in one stroke of the press, the blanks are firstly separated to obtain drawn blanks, and then the blanks are drawn while back-extruded to obtain parts. The mold consists of a mold handle, an upper mold base, an upper template, a punch, a die, a tie rod, a pull ring, a supporting plate, a pull sleeve, a blank holder, a punch and a die, a lower template, a stripping plate, a guide sleeve, a lower mold base, Composed of nuts, steel balls, ball protectors, springs, and rubber blocks. Die handles, pull rods, upper molds, dies and punches are fixed on the upper die base. The small concave cavity on the punch is the convex die. . Tie rods, pallets, pull sleeves, rubber blocks, blank holder rings, springs, steel balls and bead sheaths constitute a constant pressure blank holder mechanism. The edge mechanism goes down with the upper die, the blank holder presses the sheet, the spring and the rubber are compressed, the upper die continues to descend, the steel ball is brought into the hole groove of the guide sleeve by the pull rod and the pull sleeve, and escapes from the hole groove of the pull sleeve. Afterwards, the tie rod continues to move downward along with the upper die, and the other parts of the blank holder mechanism stop moving, and the blank holder force remains constant until the end of the deep drawing and reverse extrusion process; Under the action of the sleeve and the pull sleeve, the steel ball returns to the hole groove of the pull rod, and breaks away from the hole groove of the guide sleeve, so that the blank holder mechanism and the upper die are connected as a whole and reset with the upper die. The blank-holding mechanism can make the blank-holding force reach the optimum value by adjusting the distance between the supporting plate and the steel ball. It is suitable for the deep drawing composite die where the blank holder must be installed on the upper die. Convex and concave dies, unloading mechanism and guide sleeve are installed on the lower mold base. The unloading mechanism is mounted on the lower template through springs and screws. There are holes in the guide sleeve to match the pull sleeve of the blank holder to accommodate steel balls. The lower mold base corresponds to the convex and concave. The die has a through hole of corresponding size, and the back pressure block passes through the through hole of the lower die base to provide back pressure, and combines with the drawing punch to compress the metal sheet at the bottom of the workpiece while drawing during the drawing process, thereby forming a raised structure .
本发明的背压拉深法能一体化成形底部带凸起的拉深件，与传统加工方法相比，加工载荷较小，受力、变形均匀，加工过程平稳，能减少凸起出的缩孔现象，加工材料厚度适应性大。本发明的模具能够将落料、拉深、挤压等工序复合在一起一次复合拉深成形出底部带凸起的拉深件。本发明不仅保证了产品的质量，延长了模具寿命，还提高了产品的生产效率，降低了生产成本。The back pressure drawing method of the present invention can integrally form the drawn part with protrusions on the bottom. Compared with the traditional processing method, the processing load is small, the force and deformation are uniform, the processing process is stable, and the shrinkage of the protrusions can be reduced. Pore phenomenon, large adaptability to the thickness of the processed material. The mold of the present invention can combine blanking, deep drawing, extrusion and other processes into one composite deep drawing to form a deep drawn part with protrusions on the bottom. The invention not only ensures the quality of the product and prolongs the life of the mold, but also improves the production efficiency of the product and reduces the production cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过参照附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例，本发明的以上和其它方面及优点将变得更加易于清楚，在附图中：The above and other aspects and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
图1为本发明的一种底部带凸起结构的金属板材零件复合成形方法及模具的纵剖面结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section structure of a composite forming method of a sheet metal part with a raised structure at the bottom and a mold of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
在下文中，现在将参照附图更充分地描述本发明，在附图中示出了各种实施例。然而，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实施，且不应该解释为局限于在此阐述的实施例。相反，提供这些实施例使得本公开将是彻底和完全的，并将本发明的范围充分地传达给本领域技术人员。Hereinafter, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various embodiments are shown. However, this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
在下文中，将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例。Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
参考附图1，一种底部带凸起拉深件金属复合成形工艺方法，所述底部带凸起拉深件包括拉深件主体部和凸起部，所述拉深件主体部和凸起部为一体化结构，其特征在于，由金属板料一次成形时包括如下步骤：Referring to accompanying drawing 1, a metal composite forming process for a deep drawing part with protrusions at the bottom, the drawing part with protrusions at the bottom includes a main part of the drawing part and a protrusion part, and the main part of the drawing part and the protrusion The part is an integrated structure, which is characterized in that the forming of a metal sheet includes the following steps:
(一)落料：落料冲裁出拉深坯料；(1) Blanking: Blanking and punching out drawn blanks;
(二)背压拉深：拉深上一步落下的坯料，并且背压块在拉深过程中施加背压力压缩拉深件底部，实现边拉深边压缩，金属材料在拉深的同时流入成形凸起的小凹模中，主体部与凸起部同时成形。(2) Back pressure deep drawing: draw the billet that fell in the previous step, and the back pressure block applies back pressure to compress the bottom of the drawn part during the drawing process, realizing compression while drawing, and the metal material flows into the shape while drawing In the raised small die, the body part and the raised part are formed at the same time.
一种实现上述方法的落料背压拉深复合模具，能将金属板料一次成形为底部带凸起的拉深件，所述模具由上模座(1)、凹模固定板(2)、凸模(3)、模柄(4)、拉杆(5)、螺母(6)、拉板(7)、拉套(8)、弹簧(9)、钢珠(10)、护珠套(11)、螺钉(12)、下模板(13)、下模座(14)、导套(15)、背压块(16)、弹簧(17)、凸凹模(18)、卸料板(19)、压边圈(20)、橡胶块(21)、凹模(22)组成。上模座(1)的中心处设有模座孔，而且设有固定凸模(3)用的沉头通孔、连接拉杆(5)用的沉头孔、固定凹模固定板(2)用的沉头通孔和用于凹模固定板(2)定位用的销钉孔；凸模(3)上设有用于固定的螺钉孔和用于成形小凸起的小孔，其中螺钉孔也与上模座(1)中的沉头通孔对正，底部成形小凸起的小孔设置在正中心；凹模固定板(2)上设有通孔和销钉孔，且该通孔与上模座(1)中的沉头通孔对正，销钉孔和上模座(1)中的销钉孔对正；凹模固定板(2)下面设有凹模(22)，凹模(22)上设有螺钉孔；拉杆(5)上设有起固定作用的螺钉孔和限位作用的钢珠孔，它除了传递载荷之外还可充当导柱的作用；拉板(7)上设有拉杆孔、凹模环孔、固定压边圈(20)的沉头通孔和凸模(3)的过孔，在拉板(7)的下方中心部位设有橡胶块(21)；在橡胶块(21)的下方就是压边圈(20)，橡胶块(21)和压边圈(20)上分别设有通孔和螺钉孔；拉套(8)上设有螺纹和钢珠孔；凸凹模(18)上设有螺钉孔和销钉孔；导套(15)上设有钢珠槽和螺纹，它为旋入式导套，有一个小凸台；下模板(13)上设有螺纹孔和通孔以及小凹圆；下模座(14)上设有螺纹孔、沉头通孔两种以及通孔，其中沉头通孔分别要与凸凹模(18)和下模板(13)中的螺纹孔对正；背压块(16)可以在凸凹模(18)中自由滑动；弹簧(17)的大小与下模板(13)中的小凹圆大小相近；卸料版(19)上设有螺钉孔且与下模座(14)中的通孔对正。A blanking back-pressure deep-drawing composite mold for realizing the above method, which can form a metal sheet into a drawn part with a raised bottom at one time. The mold is composed of an upper die base (1), a die fixing plate (2) , punch (3), mold handle (4), pull rod (5), nut (6), pull plate (7), pull sleeve (8), spring (9), steel ball (10), bead guard (11 ), screw (12), lower template (13), lower mold holder (14), guide sleeve (15), back pressure block (16), spring (17), punch and die (18), stripping plate (19) , blank holder ring (20), rubber block (21), die (22) form. The center of the upper mold base (1) is provided with a mold base hole, and is provided with a countersunk through hole for fixing the punch (3), a countersunk hole for connecting the tie rod (5), and a fixed die fixing plate (2). The countersunk through hole used and the pin hole used for the positioning of the die fixing plate (2); the punch (3) is provided with a screw hole for fixing and a small hole for forming a small protrusion, wherein the screw hole is also Align with the countersunk through hole in the upper die base (1), and the small hole forming the small protrusion at the bottom is set at the center; the die fixing plate (2) is provided with a through hole and a pin hole, and the through hole is aligned with the The countersunk through hole in the upper die base (1) is aligned, and the pin hole and the pin hole in the upper die base (1) are aligned; the die set plate (2) is provided with a die (22) below, and the die ( 22) is provided with a screw hole; the tie rod (5) is provided with a screw hole for fixing and a steel ball hole for limiting, which can also serve as a guide column in addition to transferring load; There are tie rod holes, die ring holes, countersunk through holes for fixing the blank holder (20) and the through holes of the punch (3), and a rubber block (21) is arranged at the lower center of the pull plate (7); Below the rubber block (21) is the blank holder (20), and the rubber block (21) and the blank holder (20) are respectively provided with through holes and screw holes; the pull sleeve (8) is provided with threads and steel ball holes; The convex and concave dies (18) are provided with screw holes and pin holes; the guide sleeve (15) is provided with steel ball grooves and threads, and it is a screw-in guide sleeve with a small boss; the lower template (13) is provided with threads Holes and through holes and small concave circles; the lower die base (14) is provided with two kinds of threaded holes, countersunk through holes and through holes, wherein the countersunk through holes will be connected with the convex and concave dies (18) and the lower template (13) respectively. The threaded holes in the center are aligned; the back pressure block (16) can slide freely in the convex and concave dies (18); the size of the spring (17) is similar to the size of the small concave circle in the lower template (13); the unloading plate (19) Screw holes are provided on the top and are aligned with the through holes in the lower mold base (14).
拉深凸模(5)上开有成形凸起部的小凹模，小凹模的形状及深度决定于凸起的形状与高度，小凹模口部设圆角便于材料进入，下模设有背压块，背压块与液压油缸连接，在拉深过程中提供背压力与凸模联合压缩板料使金属进入小凹模中形成凸起结构。The drawing punch (5) is provided with a small die for forming the raised part. The shape and depth of the small die are determined by the shape and height of the protrusion. The mouth of the small die is provided with rounded corners to facilitate the entry of materials. There is a back pressure block, the back pressure block is connected with the hydraulic oil cylinder, and the back pressure is provided during the drawing process to jointly compress the sheet with the punch to make the metal enter the small die to form a convex structure.
本发明的模具的工作过程为：上模下行，至压边机构压紧坯料时，凸凹模与凹模开始落料冲裁出拉深坯料，落料后凸模与凸凹模开始拉深，拉至板料底部接触背压块时，背压块提供背压力与凸模压缩拉深件底部，上模继续下行对板料边拉深边压缩。拉深完成后，上模上行，弹性卸料板托起板料，拉深件由液压油缸供力给背压块顶出凸凹模。The working process of the die of the present invention is as follows: the upper die moves downward until the blank-holding mechanism presses the blank, the punch and die start blanking to punch out the drawn blank, and after blanking, the punch and the punch start to draw, and When the bottom of the sheet touches the back pressure block, the back pressure block provides back pressure and the punch compresses the bottom of the drawn part, and the upper die continues to go down to compress the sheet while drawing. After the drawing is completed, the upper die moves upward, the elastic unloading plate supports the sheet, and the drawn part is powered by the hydraulic cylinder to the back pressure block to push out the convex and concave dies.
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明。本发明可以有各种合适的更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various suitable modifications and variations are possible in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN106984751B (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2019-01-08 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of the metalwork plate forging forming method and mold of the two-way protrusion of bottom belt |
| CN108405732A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-08-17 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of diel of heart and brain pacemaker sealing shell |
| CN119588867A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2025-03-11 | 昆山科森科技股份有限公司 | Continuous processing device for precision parts |
| CN115229059B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-07-26 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Variable-curvature mouth frame reinforced rim strip part efficiency forming device and use method |
| CN117920867A (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-04-26 | 宁夏东方钽业股份有限公司 | Crucible stamping die |
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