CN103541718A - Method for chart interpretation of water content of oil well - Google Patents
Method for chart interpretation of water content of oil well Download PDFInfo
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- CN103541718A CN103541718A CN201210422689.8A CN201210422689A CN103541718A CN 103541718 A CN103541718 A CN 103541718A CN 201210422689 A CN201210422689 A CN 201210422689A CN 103541718 A CN103541718 A CN 103541718A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for chart interpretation of the water content of oil well. The method comprises the steps that 1, multiple experiments are carried out through an oil well simulation experiment device and the standard water holding rate inside the oil well is measured; 2, according to experiment results of the step 1, a form and an array for chart interpretation of the water holding rate-the water content and a general interpretation chart are made; 3, a total flow numerical value of fluid inside the oil well is obtained according to flow logging information; 4, according to the logging information or drilling data, a well deviation numerical value of a well section to be treated is obtained; 5, according to the characteristics of a water holding rate instrument and a log response, the water holding rate inside the oil well is calculated; 6, chart interpretation is conducted on the water holding rate and the oil-water yield is calculated. The method for chart interpretation of the water content of the oil well is suitable for interpretation of the water content of any non-flow-collecting water holding rate instrument, the water content is no longer obtained according to manual qualitative judgments, the water content is obtained in a quantitative mode according to the interpretation chart, and the interpretation accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the liquid producing profile log interpretation technique field in oil field, particularly relate to a kind of method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well.
Background technology
Oil well needs the well logging that do not stop production aborning, object be measure under oil well inner fluid flow regime, the profit output at different depth place.Realize the well logging of this target liquid producing profile log.
The instrument of existing measurement production profile, can measuring well inner fluid, a plurality of parameters of hole condition, " seven parameters " such as specific retention, flow, density, temperature, pressure, gamma, magnetic orientation, but well logging oily for measuring, that aquatic products amount is target, solving profit output also needs another important parameter-moisture content.Moisture content can not be used logger directly to measure, and can only from the well-log information of logging instrument, by interpretation technique, obtain.The well-log information common feature of seven parameters and other multi-parameter combination logging instrument devices is: the parameter that can directly utilize while explaining profit output only has flow, 2 parameters of specific retention, and other parameters are auxiliary parameter (depth information is essential).Specific retention logger is divided into two large class, afflux and non-collective flows.Non-collective flow retention rate instrument is directly measured the specific retention in pit shaft, namely full hole water cut meter.Such as the electric capacity water cut meter of non-collective flow, radioactive fluid densometer, horizontal well array capacitor water holding instrument, horizontal well array resistors retention rate instrument etc., it is all full hole water cut meter.Collecting type retention rate instrument generally can only one-point measurement in well, and the full hole retention rate instrument of non-collective flow can one-point measurement, also can be along with instrument moves middle measurement.
Holdup Y is divided into specific retention Yw and oil holdup Yo, containing rate C, divides moisture content Cw and oil content Co.In oil well, the practical significance of holdup is " dutycycle ", is the volume ratio of certain phase fluid volume and cumulative volume.Containing rate, being " output ratio ", is the output of certain phase fluid and the ratio of total output.
The parameter that logger is directly measured in well is total flow and holdup, the direct single-phase output of mixed flow profit in measuring well, be output ratio-be immeasurable parameter containing rate, can only use the holdup in well-log information, be aided with other parameters and come " explanations " to contain rate.
It is a global problem that moisture content is explained always.For a long time, moisture the solving of full hole water cut meter well-log information lacks effective explanation means always.Although be not interrupted the research that moisture content is explained both at home and abroad, achievement can not meet need of production.When carrying out moisture content explanation, prior art is divided into some " models " borehole fluid to be set up and explains formula for model, solves moisture content.Wherein representative technology has equal flow model, drift flow model, slip Model etc., use a large amount of " formula " implying moisture content, in fact, all models, formula exist the parameter that common deficiency-use logger cannot be measured, as surface tension, drift velocity coefficient, phase breadth coefficient, friction factor, slippage velocity etc., these not confirmable parameters, need to bring formula into after artificial estimation, result of calculation is dissatisfied, again revises these parameters, until result reaches the result of " meeting rule in well ".In fact, this explains the process of moisture content, or the process of artificial judgment, up to the present also do not have a kind of formula (combinatorial formula) can accurately explain moisture content (producing water ratio of fluid) in well, the moisture content of real logging data explains that (asking profit output) is although can draw the concrete numerical value of moisture content (profit output numerical value), be all explanation personnel according to specific retention size, with reference to parameter, dependence " experience " such as flow (output), profit total outputs, judge, precision does not guarantee.Final sumbission is used the fuzzy language of " main water yield formation, less important water yield formation " and so on to describe.Rather than this layer product * * m
3/ d oil, * * m
3the accurate description of/d water.Particularly output (flow) is less than 100m
3the stripper well section of/d, the interpretation errors of moisture content is very large, and this solves for take the liquid producing profile log that profit output is final goal, is great technology shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method that can be applicable to the general chart interpretation water ratio in oil well of any non-collective flow retention rate instrument, hole deviation, sleeve pipe.
Object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: by the method for chart interpretation water ratio in oil well, the method of this use chart interpretation water ratio in oil well comprises: step 1, use simulation oil well experimental facilities to carry out many experiments, under the fixed condition of standard aqueous rate, total flow, hole deviation angle, casing inner diameter, specific retention in measuring well; Step 2, according to the experimental result of step 1, find moisture content and other parameter particularly with the corresponding relation of specific retention, formulate form, matrix and general interpretation chart that specific retention-moisture content is explained; Step 3, use traffic well-log information obtains borehole fluid total flow numerical value; Step 4, obtains the hole deviation numerical value of pending well section according to well-log information or drilling data; Step 5, according to retention rate instrument feature and log response, calculates specific retention in well; And step 6, the matrix that the form that the general interpretation chart that this specific retention-moisture content that use step 2 is set up is explained or this specific retention-moisture content are explained or this specific retention-moisture content are explained is explained moisture content, calculating profit output.
Object of the present invention also can be achieved by the following technical measures:
In step 1, often carry out the experiment of 1 point, obtain 1 group of experimental result, this experimental result has comprised flow, moisture content, hole deviation and these 4 parameters of specific retention in flow velocity or certain sleeve pipe, when 3 parameters in these 4 parameters are determined, the value of moisture content parameter is also determined.
In step 2, when setting up the form of this specific retention-moisture content explanation, from many groups of these experimental results, find the corresponding relation between moisture content and flow velocity, hole deviation, specific retention, form the form that this specific retention-moisture content is explained.
The form that this specific retention-moisture content is explained is different according to hole deviation, is divided into a plurality of forms, and each form becomes the specific retention-moisture content interpret table under this hole deviation condition.
Upper two row of this specific retention-moisture content interpret table are flow, flow velocity, the left side 1 row are moisture content data, the data of middle and lower part are the interior specific retention data of the well of experiment measuring, and the left side the 2nd row are that flow increases gradually with the right side, and top the 4th row is the specific retention result that moisture content reduces gradually below.
In step 2, when setting up the matrix of this specific retention-moisture content explanation, by data in this specific retention-moisture content interpret table, remove flow parameter, just form the matrix that this specific retention-moisture content is explained.
In step 2, when setting up the general interpretation chart of this specific retention-moisture content explanation, under certain hole deviation parameter, using flow as abscissa, simultaneously also by corresponding flow velocity abscissa the most, specific retention is as ordinate, moisture content is as the curve under this plane rectangular coordinates, this experimental result of the different flow that is 0% moisture content is combined as a curve, moisture content is that this experimental result of 10% different flow is combined as another curve, until this experimental result of the different flow of 100% moisture content is combined as the last item curve.
In step 5, in calculating this well, during specific retention, for the water cut meter of single detective probe, specific retention explains that design formulas is:
Specific retention Yw=1-(measured value-water number)/(oily value-water number)
Measured value in formula is the instrument output valve in the actual measured results of certain point, and water number is the measurement result under pure water environment in well, is the scale value of instrument, and oil value is the measurement result under pure oil environment in well, is also instrument calibration value.
In step 5, in calculating this well, during specific retention, for many probes combined instrument, adopt mean value method to calculate specific retention in this well, mean value method is N the specific retention result equalization of popping one's head in,
In formula, Yw is specific retention in well, the probe number that N is array probe, and Ywi is the specific retention of i probe.
In step 5, in calculating this well, during specific retention, for many probes combined instrument, adopt weighting method to calculate specific retention in this well, after weighting method has increased the coefficient relevant with probe positions, summation is as specific retention in well,
In formula, Yw is specific retention in well, and Qi is the weights of i probe, and Ywi is the specific retention of i probe.
In step 6, when the general explanation chart interpretation moisture content that uses this specific retention-moisture content to explain, comprise the following steps: according to this section of hole deviation numerical value of well section, select suitable plate; This total flow numerical value is converted into instrument flow velocity around; And according to the numerical value of specific retention in this flow velocity, this well, the general interpretation chart that uses this specific retention-moisture content to explain reads moisture content.
In this total flow numerical value being converted into the step of instrument flow velocity around, logger enters after well, and the flow section of borehole fluid reduces, and forces fluid in instrument flow faster around, and the design formulas that this speed changes is in 5.5in sleeve pipe:
V1=11.574Q/Л(R
2-r
2)
In formula, V1 is retention rate instrument this flow velocity around, and unit is cm/s, and Q is flow in well, and unit is m
3/ d, R is sleeve pipe radius, and unit is cm, and r is retention rate instrument radius, and unit is cm.
The method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well in the present invention, according to profit flowing experiment in well, moisture content interpretation chart, form, the matrix of the seriation of Rule Summary foundation, according to plate or form or Matrix Solving moisture content, avoided that artificial judgment moisture content varies with each individual, the problem of low precision; The moisture content interpretation chart of seriation (form, matrix) is not limited by concrete instrument, is applicable to the instrument of any full hole water cut meter; Not being subject to oil well condition restriction, being applicable to any hole condition, is that the general moisture content of oil well is explained foundation.The method makes the explanation of moisture content from artificial qualitative judgement, brings up to plate quantitative interpretation, has greatly improved Explanation Accuracy.High-precision explanation conclusion, for instructing oil well to increase that oil is taped the latent power, to improve crude output significant.The method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well in the present invention, realized first the quantitative interpretation of moisture content, the backward situation of " there are no laws to abide by (there is no rule; vary with each individual), have no data available (OIH water is originally unknown number to be measured), without accuracy guarantee (error is much all cannot be investigated) " while being through with former artificial judgment moisture content, for oil well liquid-producing profile logging, explaining, is great technological break-through.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of a specific embodiment of the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the explanation schematic diagram of oil well water capacity, moisture content parameter meaning;
Fig. 3 is the moisture content interpretation chart of peupendicular hole in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is horizontal well moisture percentage interpretation chart in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is moisture content interpretation chart in the horizontal well of 1 ° of hole deviation in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of KT112 well horizontal segment wellbore trace in one embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
For above and other object of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent, cited below particularlyly go out preferred embodiment, and coordinate appended graphicly, be described in detail below.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of a specific embodiment of the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well of the present invention.In step 101, use simulation oil well experimental facilities to test, under the condition of standard aqueous rate, total flow, hole deviation angle, casing inner diameter, specific retention in measuring well.
In step 101, by simulated experiment, measure the concrete numerical value of 4 major parameters such as moisture in oil well, flow (output, flow velocity) hole deviation, water holding, for the research of lower step-rule lays the first stone.Standard aqueous, water holding etc. are that these parameters have high-precision feature, and error is less than 0.3%.
Fig. 2 is the explanation schematic diagram of oil well water capacity, moisture content parameter meaning, in Fig. 2, So be profit while flowing in sleeve pipe oil occupy the area of sleeve pipe cross section, Sw is the area that water occupies, S is the casing profile gross area, S=So+Sw.Lo is in unit interval T, the distance of oil flow, the distance that Lw is water flow.Water holding, moisture description be oil-water two-phase flow body mixed flow time volume distributed median ratio, specific retention is in well within the scope of well section L, the ratio of water volume and cumulative volume, represents with Yw.Technos custom represents specific retention decimally, its number range is 1.0～0.0, and 1 fluid in representing between certain tagma only has water, there is no oil, and 0 represents in certain interval is pure oil in fluid, for example Yw=0.83, represents that in this interval fluid, water has occupied 83% space.Specific retention numerically also equals the ratio of water footprint area and the gross area in section S, in Fig. 2, and specific retention Yw=Sw/S.Moisture content is in unit interval T, flows through the ratio of water volume and fluid volume in the fluid of tube section S, is also output capacity, producing water ratio.Technos custom represents moisture content by letter C, in Fig. 2, and moisture content C=(Sw*Lw)/(Sw*Lw+So*Lo).Numerical value represents with percentage, scope 100%～0%, and 100% represents output pure water, 0% represents the pure oil of output.
Specific retention is that OIH water is in flowing, be subject to ambient conditions restriction, the volume of the profit of self-assembling formation occupies (holding) proportionate relationship, it is the parameter that can use apparatus measures, full hole water cut meter is exactly the instrument of specific retention in measuring well, but the output of instrument, generally voltage, frequency, the electrical signal information such as pulse, obtaining specific retention numerical value first needs these information to change (specific retention explanation, the previous technical process that moisture content is explained), concrete retention rate instrument principle, structure is different, there is feature separately, this conversion (explanation water holding) process is also different, this process solves specific retention.Specific retention has the characteristic in space (region), and at some point, specific retention is nonsensical, on certain face, though the meaningful logger of specific retention can not be measured; Profit volume ratio in the cumulative volume of pit shaft one segment distance is " specific retention in well ", or pit shaft specific retention, pipe in specific retention.The specific retention explanation of logger must be treated respectively according to instrument trait, but how to change regardless of principle of instrument, structure, explains how the technology of specific retention realizes, and the result obtaining is consistent, i.e. specific retention in well.Therefore, solve the interior moisture content (output capacity of water) of well so the measurement of the major parameter-specific retention leaning on.Do not limit specific logger, no matter use what holdup instrumentation amount, solve the result that moisture content just needs specific retention.
Moisture content is an important parameter indispensable while solving profit output, and it is the output capacity of water, but current logger can't be measured this parameter.Measuring apparatus can only be measured specific retention, total flow, and prior art can't be used these measurement results to obtain moisture content, can only qualitatively judge when needed.In order to address this problem, the present invention starts with from Research on Oil OIH water two-phase fluid mixed flow rule, sums up the quantitative relation between the parameters such as the interior moisture content of well and specific retention, flow, thereby has found a kind of method of quantitative interpretation moisture content.
In well, the corresponding relation of specific retention and moisture content is very complicated, and moisture content C is the function of specific retention Yw, but is not function of a single variable, also has other parameter influence moisture content.Moisture content C=f (specific retention Yw, flow Q, hole deviation θ ...).Although the relation between moisture in well, water holding, hole deviation, 4 parameters of flow is complicated, but still regular existence.Explore the effective means of these rules and carry out exactly simulated experiment.
Device therefor condition in one carries out the specific embodiment of flow velocity, moisture content, hole deviation, 4 parameter measurements of specific retention: pit shaft internal diameter, 160mm～30mm is transparent, can measure specific retention, can be 0～± 90 ° of inclination; Oil, discharge scope: 0-1000m
3/ d, precision 0.2%.Oil-diesel oil for fluid, viscosity 5mPa.s, density 0.83g/cm
3, water-tap water, viscosity 1.16mPa.s density 0.999g/cm
3.
Scope of experiment is flow 0～500 side/sky; Moisture content: 0～100%;-90 °～+ 90 ° of pit shaft range of tilt angles (horizontal well is defined as 0 °, is positive-angle to upper reaches); Normal fluid stereometer measuring tank 1 cover, precision 0.05%;
Experimental implementation step is: the profit of constant flow rate is injected in the simulation well that internal diameter is determined, hole deviation is definite and is flowed, wait for that fluid reaches flow equilibrium; Instantaneous valve of closing pit shaft two ends, intercepts out the whole fluids in this section of pit shaft; These fluids are inserted in transparent container standing, until use standard meter measuring tank to measure liquid volume and water volume after water-oil separating, calculating the volume of water and the ratio of cumulative volume is exactly the interior specific retention of well under experiment condition.
In flow (fluid velocity), hole deviation, moisture content, 4 parameters of casing inner diameter, having 1 change, is exactly 1 experimental point, measures 1 group of water holding data.
Casing inner diameter in these experiment parameters rate of flow of fluid in well that is used for converting
V=Q/ЛR2 (1)
In formula, V is fluid mean flow rate, and unit is cm/s; Q is flow, and unit is cm
3/ s; R is wellbore radius, and unit is cm;
Carry out the experiment of 1 point at every turn, obtain 1 group of experimental result.These results have comprised flow velocity, moisture content, hole deviation, 4 parameters of specific retention.
Above-mentioned scope of experiment has comprised the whole circumstances that oil well is possible, need to carry out the experiment of a large amount of experimental points.
Carry out the as follows to N group experimental result of N point experiment
Above experimental data, a similar matrix, wherein every a line, it is the array of an experimental point, this array is implying a rule: flow velocity, moisture content, hole deviation, 4 parameters of specific retention, as long as other 3 parameters determine, the value of all the other 1 parameters be also determine and be unique.Be that after flow velocity, hole deviation, 33 parameters of specific retention are determined, moisture content is the function of these 3 variablees.This is also to set up plate, explains the basis of moisture content.
Each parameter change of above-mentioned matrix, experiment just need to increase a point (increase a line), describe in oil well profit flow in various situations, the experimental data of the experimental point that needs are a large amount of.Parameter flow velocity is set in to 0-50cm/s scope (rule that is greater than 50cm/s is known, only needs checking), and hole deviation parameter is whole possible scope ,-90～+ 90 ° of gamuts, and moisture content is also 0-100% gamut.Within the scope of these, adopt first large-spacing, the mode of rear increase (interval encryption), has accumulated a large amount of experimental datas.Like this, a large amount of experiments have accumulated abundant experimental results, for the method for research OIH water flow rule, research explanation moisture content, carry and laying the foundation.Concrete data are in Table 1, table 2, and table 1 and table 2 be the fraction data of abundant experimental results just also.Flow process enters into step 102.
In step 102, according to the experimental result of step 101, find moisture content and other parameters especially with the corresponding relation of specific retention, formulate form, matrix and general interpretation chart that specific retention-moisture content is explained.
In step 102, by summing up OIH water flow rule, according to experimental data, set up general moisture content interpretation chart, form, matrix; " general " there are 3 implications, the one, plate does not limit instrument, and the specific retention obtaining after the data interpretation of any holdup instrument is all applicable; The 2nd, limited range not, any hole condition is applicable (output, moisture content do not limit for hole deviation-gamut, sleeve pipe-not specific) all; The 3rd, once foundation, can be for a long time, Reusability; The plate of realizing this general utility functions will not be several plates, but a serial plate-chart book.
Profit flows in oil well, has regularity its inherence, complicated, and these rules, especially have the rule of substantial connection with explaining moisture content, and by simulation experiment study for many years, analysis and summary experimental result, obtains following rule:
Although 1, the relation between moisture in well, water holding, hole deviation, 4 parameters of flow velocity is complicated, but still regular existence, after hole deviation, flow velocity, specific retention 3 parameters are determined, moisture content exists unique, definite numerical value corresponding with it.
2, hole deviation angle is distributed with the different rules that affects to specific retention in well, and in peupendicular hole, hole deviation changes within the scope of occurring ± 10 °, little on specific retention impact; Horizontal well is contrary, and hole deviation is to affect the key factor that horizontal well specific retention distributes, 0 °～± 3 ° of levels among a small circle in, hole deviation minor alteration can cause the larger change of specific retention.
3, in close relations between moisture content, specific retention, flow velocity in well, after flow velocity is greater than 40cm/s, moisture content is approximately equal to specific retention; But along with flow velocity reduces, moisture content is subject to the parameter influence degree such as hole deviation, flow velocity to be increased, and moisture content becomes the function of the variablees such as specific retention, flow velocity, hole deviation.
4, in well, moisture content is confirmable, and condition is to know the concrete numerical value of flow velocity, hole deviation, 3 parameters of specific retention simultaneously.And flow velocity, hole deviation, specific retention are to determine in the data that can log well by logger, moisture content parameter can quantitative interpretation.
Summing up profit mobile rule in sleeve pipe, find the corresponding relation between moisture content and other parameter values from experimental data, is exactly moisture content interpretation chart, form or matrix.
(1) moisture content is explained the foundation of form
From experimental data, find the corresponding relation between moisture content and flow velocity (output), hole deviation, specific retention, just formed moisture content and explained form.
This form, different according to hole deviation, be divided into a plurality of forms, each form becomes the moisture content interpret table under this hole deviation condition, and concrete form is as table 1
Table 1: specific retention-moisture content interpret table of peupendicular hole (hole deviation=90 °)
The feature of table 1 is, upper two row are flow, flow velocity, is the condition of the known standard determined in experiment, and the left side 1 row are moisture content data, are also known conditions fixing in experiment, specific retention data in the well that the data of middle and lower part are experiment measuring.The left side the 2nd row, with the right side, are that flow increases gradually, and top the 4th is below row, the specific retention result that moisture content reduces gradually.Table 1 data also embody mobile basic law in oil-water well: high yield (flow velocity) moisture content waits and specific retention substantially, at flow velocity, reach the rightest 1 row of the table 1 of 47.95cm/s, specific retention and moisture content difference are less than 1%, the specific retention that logger is measured, and actual is exactly moisture content in well; But after flow velocity reduces, the difference of moisture content and specific retention increases gradually; Moisture content has with specific retention the functional relation that numerical value is corresponding one to one; But specific retention is not the unique factor that affects moisture content in well, obtain moisture content, also need to determine hole deviation, flow (or flow velocity) condition.
In table 1, every a line represents 1 group of data that moisture content is identical, here moisture content 100%-0% is divided for 11 groups (OK), actually can also increase any group, for example moisture content 91%, he is between moisture content 90% and 100%, can increase this 1 row by the way that increases experiment, also can use linear interpolation method, utilize adjacent data in table 1 to insert.In table 1, each row represents 1 group of data that flow (flow velocity) is identical, here flow is divided for 9 groups (row), actually can also increase any group, and flow is greater than 70m
3/ d, is used linear interpolation method, is less than 70m
3/ d needs to increase experimental point.
Table 1 is the moisture content decryption table of peupendicular hole, uses this table just can carry out moisture content explanation.Concrete using method, the plate of setting up in follow-up step 106 use step 102 or form or matrix are introduced in explaining moisture content " plate using method ".
Table 2: specific retention-moisture content interpret table in the well under horizontal well (hole deviation=0 °) condition
Table 2 is specific retention-moisture content interpret table in the well under horizontal well (hole deviation=0 °) condition, under other hole deviation condition, same method, set up and similarly explain form, like this, use the array of more than 1000 experimental point in experimental data, the form that to have set up respectively hole deviation be-30 ° ,-20 ° ,-10 ° ,-5 ° ,-3 ° ,-1 °, 0 °, 1 °, 3 °, 5 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 15 of this class form meters, have formed form set.
(2) moisture content is explained the foundation of matrix
Moisture content is explained to data in form, remove flow parameter, just form moisture content and explain " matrix ".
The matrix is not here the matrix in mathematical meaning, and just its form class is like math matrix, and he does not meet the operation rule of math matrix, just for moisture content, explains, is suitable for the data typing of interpretation software, the purposes such as building database.Table 1 data, remove flow parameter, show as:
More than hole deviation 90(peupendicular hole) the middle matrix of explaining moisture content, in like manner, 15 parts of forms, set up 15 similar matrixes, its using method and form, plate consistent (the different expression-forms of same data source), the plate of also setting up in step 106 use step 102 or form or matrix are explained in moisture content plate using method and are introduced.
(3) foundation of moisture content interpretation chart collection
In order to use intuitive and convenient, be applicable to manually using for many years the usage of trade of chart interpretation, further set up interpretation chart.
Fig. 3 is according to the moisture content interpretation chart of the peupendicular hole of table 1 establishment.The process of establishing of this plate is: using flow as abscissa, simultaneously also corresponding flow velocity abscissa the most, specific retention is as ordinate, moisture content is as " curve " under this plane rectangular coordinates, moisture content=0%, the data of different flow (flow velocity) are combined as a curve, another curve of 10% moisture content ... 100% moisture content becomes the last item curve.These curves (family) have comprised moisture content four corner (0-100%, pure oil-pure water) in well.The scope that has contained flow 0-500 side/sky, the four corner of specific retention 0-1, has reflected the natural law of borehole fluid.
Fig. 4 is horizontal well moisture percentage interpretation chart, and Fig. 5 is the interior moisture content interpretation chart of the horizontal well of 1 ° of hole deviation.Like this, use the array of more than 1000 experimental point in experimental data, set up respectively the plate that hole deviation is-30 ° ,-20 ° ,-10 ° ,-5 ° ,-3 ° ,-1 °, 0 °, 1 °, 3 °, 5 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 15 of this class plate meters, have formed chart book.
The foundation of chart book, explains foundation is provided for moisture content.And, according to the step method of setting up plate, can increase new plate, for example hole deviation is 2 °, the plate of 2.5 °, the scale of transverse and longitudinal coordinate in density plate, as holdup yardstick encrypts 0.01.
When explaining moisture content by the plate that uses step 102 to set up in step 106 or form or matrix, the using method of chart board introduces.
Plate, form, matrix that the moisture content that this step is set up is explained are to be the function of other parameters to moisture content in OIH water flow rule, a kind of expression-form of C=f (Q, Yw, θ), and they have formed the basis of explaining water ratio in oil well.The set of they (plate etc.).Realized under the conditions such as various oil wells, any instrument well logging generally, be applicable to the oil well of any hole deviation, (flow velocity is greater than 40cm/s – 400m to be applicable to any output
3water holding after/d (5.5in)=moisture, do not need interpretation chart), the logger of any kind (as long as can measuring well in specific retention), its accommodation is extensively, unprecedented, the blank of having filled up uninterpreted plate (having a small amount of plate) in industry, is the summary of simulation experiment study achievement for many years, significant to industry development.Flow process enters into step 103.
In step 103, use traffic well-log information obtains borehole fluid total flow numerical value, solves flow in well.
Flow is a condition that solves moisture content, solves moisture content and need to first determine the numerical value of flow.Should solve flow according to logging instrument feature, obtain after flow, flow can be converted to flow velocity according to sleeve pipe (well) internal diameter
V=Q/ЛR
2 (1)
In formula, V is fluid mean flow rate, and unit is cm/s; Q is flow, and unit is cm
3/ s; R is wellbore radius, and unit is cm.
The abscissa up and down of the interpretation chart that step 102 is set up has flow, the two coordinate scales of flow velocity simultaneously, flow restriction casing size wherein, and flow velocity does not limit sleeve pipe.According to flow instrument trait, one of obtain in flow, flow parameters, just can meet the demand of explaining moisture content.
The instrument kind of measuring flow is numerous, in various flowmeter logging data interpretation wells, the technology of flow belongs to prior art, the 130-180 page of the flow measurement of the < < production logging introduction > > (2003 petroleum industry publishing house) editing at Guo Haimin has detailed discussion, no longer describes in detail here.Flow process enters into step 104.
In step 104, use well-log information or drilling data to obtain the hole deviation numerical value of pending well section.
Hole deviation is to explain the another one condition of moisture content, if hole deviation scope is known, for example peupendicular hole, does not need to carry out this step, directly uses straight well moisture content interpretation chart.
Hole deviation angle has two sources, and the one, be derived from well-log information, the 2nd, be derived from drilling data.
Be derived from well-log information and be certain oil well in the history of exploration, exploitation, once in open hole well or sleeve pipe borehole measurement " hole deviation curve ", can directly from hole deviation curve, read the numerical value of the hole deviation angle θ of pending well section.
Be derived from the hole deviation data of drilling well, mainly refer to from " wellbore trace ", from wellbore trace data, also can obtain the numerical value of hole deviation angle θ.
The process of obtaining hole deviation data is a kind of simple, ripe technology, also seldom discusses here.Flow process enters into step 105.
In step 105, according to retention rate instrument feature and log response, calculate specific retention in well, obtain specific retention data in well.
In well, specific retention is the 3rd condition explaining moisture content.Solving of the interior specific retention of well, is the prerequisite that moisture content is explained, is also to guarantee the high-precision committed step of moisture content.The average specific retention of the pit shaft that full hole water cut meter is directly measured, non-collective flow water cut meter.In the instrument of current use, fluid density (radioactivity, differential density), the electric capacity specific retention of non-collective flow, array capacitor, array resistors etc.The specific retention of this quasi-instrument data solves generally following 2 processes
(1) scale of actual measured results in well;
(2) specific retention in well is exported-be interpreted as to instrument.
The scale of actual measured results in well: scale is the activities that the sensor output of measuring apparatus (table) is converted into engineering value.Scale need to be in actual measurement under known conditions, the minimum needs of retention rate instrument scale two calibration points-pure oil, pure water.Retention rate instrument scale is divided into scale in ground scale and well, ground scale can be used single oil product, as diesel oil, machine oil, kerosene and the surface water, as tap water, rainwater, well water, Chi Shui substitute crude oil and the formation water (or injected water) in (simulation) well.Measuring transducer is inserted respectively under the environment of pure oil, pure water, distinguish the output of surveying record instrument, obtain " oil value, water number " two calibration results of instrument.Because the character of the profit as standard has difference, such calibration results has difference (diesel oil is different from the oil value of machine oil), and when data interpretation, this class calibration results is a kind of reference value; In well, environment is different from ground condition, and the character of the profit under every mouthful of oil well, even same oil well different depth has difference, according to the feature of specific retention sensor, dissimilar instrument is inconsistent to the influence degree of some factor, response in the profit of conventional condenser type water holding sensor in well has significant difference, experiment confirms, the difference between the oil value of ground diesel oil and " the oily value " of crude oil in well, different well Crude Oils can reach 6%.In order to eliminate this environmental impact factor, be necessary to carry out the instrument calibration of environment in well.In well, the instrument calibration of environment is not the measurement of carrying out specially under pure oil, pure water environment, but use real logging data to read, in general oil well, carry out the full borehole logging tool from well head to shaft bottom, there are three the well sections that can carry out scale, the one, " dead oil " more than oil pump (relatively immobilising pure crude oil) well section, the specific retention well logging result that reads this section is exactly " the oil value " of scale in well, and it has reflected the characteristic of the real crude oil of this oil well; The 2nd, oil pump is gone up well section more than fluid producing layer position below most, this well section is the on all four well section of full well (all multi-section multi-layers) total output (flow), moisture content and well head, also be the known standard environment well section of flow, moisture content, can read the output valve of this section of flow instrument, scale range instrument, read retention rate instrument output, as explanation reference simultaneously; The 3rd, descend the well section below fluid producing layer position most, be shaft bottom " stagnant water " (being deposited on the immobilising pure water in shaft bottom) to read the retention rate instrument output of this section, as instrument " pure water " scale value.
Implement the scale of actual measured results in well, eliminated the inconsistent error causing of measuring condition, maximum can reach 6%.
Specific retention for the retention rate instrument of " in instrument output and well, specific retention has linear relationship " explains that design formulas is as follows
Specific retention Yw=1-(measured value-water number)/(oily value-water number) (2)
The instrument with linear relationship refer to radioactive fluid densometer, condenser type water cut meter specific retention be less than under 0.37 environment or the profit state of water-oil separating under measurement result.(2) measured value in formula is the instrument output valve in the actual measured results of certain point, water number is the measurement result under pure water environment in well (a relatively-stationary numerical value), be the scale value of instrument, oil value is the measurement result under pure oil environment in well, is also instrument calibration value.
For the water cut meter of single detective probe, survey data calculates through (2) formula, has just drawn the concrete outcome of specific retention Yw in well, and data is processed can enter next step 106.
For other class retention rate instrument-array water cut meter, a kind of many probe (sensor) combined instruments, formula (2) has just calculated the specific retention of probe near zone, it not the whole interval specific retention of pit shaft (specific retention in well), obtain specific retention in well, also will further solve specific retention in well.The method that solves specific retention about array instrument has " mean value method ", " weighting method " to belong to introduction instrument prior art, in the < < of SONDEX company array capacitor CAT instrument manual > >, there is explanation, only briefly introduce here.
Mean value method is N probe specific retention result equalization,
In formula, Yw is specific retention in well; N is the probe number of array probe; Ywi is the specific retention of i probe.
After " weighting method " increased the coefficient relevant with probe positions (power), summation is as specific retention in well,
In formula, Yw is specific retention in well; Qi is the weights of i probe; Ywi is the specific retention of i probe.
In obtaining well, after specific retention numerical value, data is processed and is entered step 106.
In step 106, the plate that use step 102 is set up or form or matrix are explained moisture content and then solve profit output.This step is that moisture content is explained, is also the final step that well information is explained.
Above-mentioned step 101-105, explains and lays the foundation for moisture content, explains that the parameter that moisture content needs is all known, and the plate that use step 102 is set up, form etc., can solve required moisture content numerical value.
The using method of moisture content interpretation chart:
Principle when plate is used is " in well during logger practical logging, flow rate of liquid is identical with flow velocity corresponding in plate ".As long as follow this principle, plate just can have been used.The concrete operation step that moisture content solves is as follows:
1, according to well section hole deviation, select suitable plate.For example certain well section hole deviation is 2 °, uses 1 °, 3 ° hole deviations, two cover plates to solve respectively moisture content, and result is averaged and is required result.
2, the interior flow of the well that measures (use traffic instrument) is converted into instrument flow velocity V 1 around.
Logger enters after well, and the flow section of borehole fluid reduces, and forces fluid in instrument flow faster around, and the design formulas that this speed changes is in 5.5in sleeve pipe:
V1=11.574Q/Л(R
2-r
2) (3)
In formula, V 1 is the fluid velocity of retention rate instrument periphery, and unit is cm/s, and Q is flow in well, and unit is m
3/ d, R is sleeve pipe radius, and unit is cm, and r is retention rate instrument radius, and unit is cm.
3,, according to the numerical value of speed V1, specific retention Yw, use plate to read moisture content.
In the plate of certain hole deviation (referring to Fig. 2), the abscissa of its top is flow velocity, on this coordinate, finds the point that numerical value is identical with V1, crosses this point and makes vertical line; The ordinate of plate is specific retention, and according to known specific retention Yw, the point equating with Yw finding of plate, crosses this point and make horizon; Horizon is given a some A mutually in the region of " plot of water cut " at plate with vertical line, point A must drop on the region of moisture content 100%-0%, determined the numerical value of moisture content to be asked with nearest two plot of water cuts of A point, for example A point drops between 90% moisture content and 80% moisture content, A point moisture content just 90% between 80%, concrete numerical value is used linear gauge algorithm: measuring the A o'clock distance to 90% moisture content line is a, and the distance of distance 80% moisture content line is A point moisture content of b
C=80%+(90%-80%)b/(a+b)
If A point drops on certain moisture content line, moisture content to be asked is exactly the numerical value of this moisture content line; If if A point drops on containing beyond waterline region, illustrate that specific retention data have problem (logger or specific retention calculate problem).
The use principle of form, matrix is consistent with plate, and using method is similar.
So far, moisture content is explained and is finished.But liquid producing profile log data interpretation the most, also needs the basic goal of realistic existing well logging-the solve profit output corresponding with the degree of depth.
This solves after having solved moisture content just very simple.
The degree of depth: the measurement result having had in well-log information, use the log of magnetic orientation or gamma instrument to determine the degree of depth of certain point (section), belong to mature technology, specifically introduction.
Aquatic products amount=total output (flow-obtain) * moisture content
Oil yield=total output-aquatic products amount
In well, need to carry out multilayer position while explaining, from bottom, layering (section) is upwards successively processing gradually, after the output under degree of depth of every explanation, all needs the moisture content that uses chart interpretation corresponding, profit output.
So far, whole liquid producing profile log data interpretation has been realized the target that solves profit output.
A kind of method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well that the present invention proposes.Solved the existing problem with utilization specific retention numerical value qualitative interpretation moisture content low precision.
The method adapts to straight well, inclined shaft, the multiple well environment of horizontal well, and the moisture content of the specific retention that the holdup instrument of applicable any kind is surveyed is explained.And moisture content explanation is brought up to according to plate quantitative interpretation from qualitative artificial judgment, greatly improved moisture content Explanation Accuracy.
For the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well in the present invention is better described, chosen embodiment mono-and be explained in detail.
Embodiment mono-:
TK112H well is * * oil field development horizontal well.This well finishing drilling well depth is 4986 meters, 278 meters of horizontal section lengths.In order to understand the current net horizontal section of this well stratum production fluid situation, search main water yield formation section, adopt crawl device construction technology and SONDEX multi-parameter production test new technology, this horizontal well has been carried out to the liquid producing profile log under production status, measuring well section, from 4670 meters～4977 meters, is effectively explained 4709 meters～4977 meters of intervals.
Use technology of the present invention to carry out the explanation of moisture content and other parameters
1, use simulation oil well experimental facilities to test, under the condition of known aqueous rate, total flow, hole deviation angle, casing inner diameter, specific retention in measuring well;
2,, according to the experimental result of step 1, formulate the interpretation chart of the specific retention-moisture content under the known condition of flow, hole deviation;
The interpretation chart that above 2 steps need, plate has been set up 15 covers, can meet the demand of production, can Reusability.
This example is that real logging data is explained, first needs to carry out conventional, ripe technical finesse, mainly refers to:
1) the output situation before the well logging of this well, as recent production fluid amount, moisture content;
2) tubing string of well structure, producing zone position, sleeve pipe specification, perforated zone;
3) instrument of well logging construction, the record of during well logging;
4) the scale situation of instrument;
5) pretreatment of well logging firsthand information, depth correction, curve filtering etc.;
6) need the degree of depth (scope) of interpretation process well section;
Above 6 contents are for flow, moisture content (profit output) solve the front preparatory stage, belong to used mature technology.
3, use traffic well-log information obtains borehole fluid total flow numerical value;
This total flow be corresponding depth flow (production fluid: oil+water), use the data of turbine flowmeter, calculated flow rate, can be used turbine flow to calculate in ground calibration results, and table 2 is calibration results of SONDEX array turbine SAT instrument:
Table 2SAT turbine calibration results
According to turbine well logging result, instrument output numerical value, in conjunction with calibration results, calculates the flow of well section to be explained.
This well has 8 survey sections to need segment processing, for every section, from orlop 8, explains that piecemeal total flow and this section of yield result are in Table 3:
Table 3:TK112H well production (flow) explanation results
4, use well-log information or drilling data to obtain the hole deviation numerical value of pending well section;
The current wellbore trace that uses is tried to achieve well section hole deviation numerical value, and hole deviation angle is the line between two points of AB and the angle between horizon on track, the size of angle
θ hole deviation angle in formula, (H1-H2) be the vertical depth of two points of AB poor-meter, (W1-W2) be two points of AB displacement poor-meter.
The direction of angle: net horizontal section is 0, fluid upwards flows for just, flows downward as negative.
Fig. 6 is KT112 well horizontal segment wellbore trace, uses (3) formula, and the graph data shown in Fig. 5 is carried out to computing.Obtain hole deviation numerical value in Table 4
Table 4:TK112H well, hole deviation numerical value
5,, according to retention rate instrument feature and log response, calculate specific retention in well;
The array capacitor water cut meter CAT of SONDEX company, firsthand information provides the log data of 12 probes, uses this 12 groups of data, obtains the specific retention of pending well section with mean value method.The results are shown in Table 5
Table 5:TK112H well total output-specific retention explanation results
6, the plate or form or the matrix explanation moisture content that use step 2. to set up.
Data interpretation starts to make progress one by one from orlop section, consecutive interpretation.
The interval of sequence number 8, output 50m3/d, 0.3 ° of hole deviation, specific retention 0.90, hole deviation, between 0-1 °, adapts to 0 ° and 1 ° of plate.First being converted into flow velocity
V1=11.574Q/Л(R2-r2) (1)
This casing R=6.2cm, instrument r=2cm., Q=50, V1=5.35cm/s
Use the plate of 0 °, try to achieve moisture content C0=94%, use the plate of 1 °, try to achieve moisture content C1=80% linear interpolation method, solve 0.3 ° of output 50m3/d of hole deviation, moisture content during specific retention 0.90 is C0.3=C0 * 0.7+C1 * 0.3=94% * 0.7+80% * 0.3=89.8%
This section of aquatic products amount=50 * 89.8%=44.9m3/d, this section of oil yield=50-44.9=5.1m3/d
The interval of sequence number 7,6,5,4,, 3,2,1 all according to such interpretation process, obtain the whole explanation results of this well, insert table 6
Table 6:TK112H well profit output explanation results
So far, realized the target of the full hole retention rate instrument data moisture content quantitative interpretation of liquid producing profile log.The explanation of this well explains that conclusion ，Wei oil recovery factory provides quantitative, corresponding with the degree of depth in well profit yield result.For recovering the oil, increasing upper the producing of oil provides main important references, and by improvement of operation, this well has increased output, and oil yield increases by 50%, has received Expected Results.
Claims (10)
1. by the method for chart interpretation water ratio in oil well, it is characterized in that, the method for this use chart interpretation water ratio in oil well comprises:
Step 1, is used simulation oil well experimental facilities to carry out many experiments, under the fixed condition of standard aqueous rate, total flow, hole deviation angle, casing inner diameter, and specific retention in measuring well;
Step 2, according to the experimental result of step 1, find moisture content and other parameter particularly with the corresponding relation of specific retention, formulate form, matrix and general interpretation chart that specific retention-moisture content is explained;
Step 3, use traffic well-log information obtains borehole fluid total flow numerical value;
Step 4, obtains the hole deviation numerical value of pending well section according to well-log information or drilling data;
Step 5, according to retention rate instrument feature and log response, calculates specific retention in well; And
Step 6, the matrix that the form that the general interpretation chart that this specific retention-moisture content that use step 2 is set up is explained or this specific retention-moisture content are explained or this specific retention-moisture content are explained is explained moisture content, calculating profit output.
2. the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1 comprises:
The profit of constant flow rate is injected in the simulation well that internal diameter is determined, hole deviation is definite and is flowed, wait for that fluid reaches flow equilibrium;
Instantaneous valve of closing pit shaft two ends, intercepts out the whole fluids in this section of pit shaft; And
These whole fluids are inserted in transparent container standing, until use standard meter measuring tank to measure liquid volume and water volume after water-oil separating, calculate the volume of water and the ratio of cumulative volume and obtain the interior specific retention of well under experiment condition.
3. the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step 1, often carry out the experiment of 1 point, obtain 1 group of experimental result, this experimental result has comprised flow, moisture content, hole deviation and these 4 parameters of specific retention in flow velocity or certain sleeve pipe, and when 3 parameters in these 4 parameters are determined, the value of moisture content parameter is also determined.
4. the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step 2, when setting up the form of this specific retention-moisture content explanation, from many groups of these experimental results, find the corresponding relation between moisture content and flow velocity, hole deviation, specific retention, form the form that this specific retention-moisture content is explained.
5. the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the form that this specific retention-moisture content is explained is different according to hole deviation, is divided into a plurality of forms, and each form becomes the specific retention-moisture content interpret table under this hole deviation condition.
6. the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, upper two row of this specific retention-moisture content interpret table are flow, flow velocity, the left side 1 row are moisture content data, the data of middle and lower part are the interior specific retention data of the well of experiment measuring, the left side the 2nd row are that flow increases gradually with the right side, and top the 4th row is the specific retention result that moisture content reduces gradually below.
7. the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in step 2, when setting up the matrix of this specific retention-moisture content explanation, by data in this specific retention-moisture content interpret table, remove flow parameter, just form the matrix that this specific retention-moisture content is explained.
8. the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step 2, when setting up the general interpretation chart of this specific retention-moisture content explanation, under certain hole deviation parameter, using flow as abscissa, simultaneously also by corresponding flow velocity abscissa the most, specific retention is as ordinate, moisture content is as the curve under this plane rectangular coordinates, this experimental result of the different flow that is 0% moisture content is combined as a curve, moisture content is that this experimental result of 10% different flow is combined as another curve, until this experimental result of the different flow of 100% moisture content is combined as the last item curve.
9. the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 5, in calculating this well, during specific retention, for the water cut meter of single detective probe, specific retention explains that design formulas is:
Specific retention Yw=1-(measured value-water number)/(oily value-water number)
Measured value in formula is the instrument output valve in the actual measured results of certain point, and water number is the measurement result under pure water environment in well, is the scale value of instrument, and oil value is the measurement result under pure oil environment in well, is also instrument calibration value.
10. the method with chart interpretation water ratio in oil well according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 5, in calculating this well, during specific retention, for many probes combined instrument, adopt mean value method to calculate specific retention in this well, mean value method is N probe specific retention result equalization,
In formula, Yw is specific retention in well, the probe number that N is array probe, and Ywi is the specific retention of i probe.
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