CN103519021A - Corn-free pig feed - Google Patents
Corn-free pig feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103519021A CN103519021A CN201310494092.9A CN201310494092A CN103519021A CN 103519021 A CN103519021 A CN 103519021A CN 201310494092 A CN201310494092 A CN 201310494092A CN 103519021 A CN103519021 A CN 103519021A
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 241000235058 Komagataella pastoris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003752 hydrotrope Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1C QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000235648 Pichia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000283074 Equus asinus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 231100000678 Mycotoxin Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002636 mycotoxin Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019752 Wheat Middilings Nutrition 0.000 abstract 3
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 108010001682 Dextranase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 4
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 4
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014590 basal diet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001228 trophic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102000002659 Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010043324 Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004913 chyme Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000035404 Autolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010057248 Cell death Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 zytase Proteins 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a corn-free pig feed which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 68-64% of wheat middling, 2-3% of pichia pastoris, 3-2% of animal hide glue, 2.9-3.8% of cottonseed meal, 5-6% of corn germ meal, 14-16% of bran, 4% of premix, 0.1-0.2% of choline chloride and 1% of a microorganism additive. Water is added into the raw materials, and the raw materials are stacked and fermented for 5-7 days and are fed to pigs directly. According to the corn-free pig feed, wheat middling takes the place of corn completely, the use amount of bean pulp is reduced, the wheat middling is increased, and cheap raw materials of pichia pastoris and animal hide glue with low values are abandoned, so that the resource is saved, the feed cost is lowered, the mycotoxin is reduced, and the productivity of pigs is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of feed, be specifically related to a kind of without corn pig feed.
Background technology
The development of aquaculture, has aggravated " people and animals strive grain ".Corn, dregs of beans are the conventional feedstuff of aquaculture, for the main component in pig, fowl feed formula, the adding proportion of corn in formula for pig forage generally surpasses 60%, corn, dregs of beans sum of the two generally surpass 80% ratio, and corn bean pulp type daily ration is China's main typical swine rations at present.Recent years, corn price went up over 20%, caused feed cost to increase, and had restricted the development of aquaculture.Corn easily goes mouldy simultaneously, and mycotoxin poisoning happens occasionally.China's dregs of beans seriously relies on overseas market.For meeting the demand of cotton dregs for cultivation, every year need be from a large amount of feeding dregs of beans of external import.Utilize the raw materials such as cheap inferior powder to produce high-quality feed, not only can reduce feed cost, and can realize the increment of substandard products raw material, promote the saving of resource and the development of aquaculture.Utilize low product value material to produce high-quality feed formula and become the problem that each plant, feed factory are generally concerned about.
Inferior powder, claims again black flour, bloom, or third-class powder etc. below, is to take one of byproduct that wheat seed obtains after raw material grinds various flour.Mouthfeel is poor when edible, so be often used in animal and fowl fodder.Inferior powder contains a certain amount of non-starch viscous polysaccharide, easily ekes out a living, and affects searching for food of pig fowl, and easily forms viscosity dough material in livestock and poultry stomach, is unfavorable for digesting and assimilating of livestock and poultry.When feeding inferior dried bean noodles powder daily ration, not only easily cause dust from flying, shed waste, and easily stimulate livestock and poultry respiratory, cause livestock and poultry cough.Because inferior powder belongs to high viscosity feedstuff, in order to improve the utilization rate of time powder, in inferior powder daily ration, the normal SNSP degradation enzyme preparation that adds, to reduce the viscosity of dough material in pig fowl intestines and stomach, improves it and absorbs.After adding SNSP degradation enzyme preparation in ration, the adding proportion of time powder in daily ration is generally piglet 5-10%, growing-finishing pig 10-15%, milking sow 20-25%, laying hen 5-10%.
Inferior powder is compared with corn, and the energy value of inferior powder is low, and protein content is high.Inferior powder is subject to the high impact of non-starch viscous polysaccharide content, and the utilization rate of adding time powder after SNSP digestive enzyme in daily ration is still lower.How further utilizing the low product value materials such as time powder, reducing large high-quality feedstocks such as corn, dregs of beans is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of without corn pig feed, this feed conversion time complete replacement of corn of powder, reduce dregs of beans consumption, increase the use of the low value cheap raw materials such as time powder, discarded Pichia pastoris, animal skin glue, economize on resources, reduce feed cost, reduce mycotoxin, improve the production performance of pig.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of without corn pig feed, it is characterized in that, by the raw material of following weight ratio, made: inferior powder 68-64%, Pichia pastoris 2-3%, animal skin glue 3-2%, cotton dregs 2.9-3.8%, corn germ cake 5-6%, wheat bran 14-16%, premix 4%, Choline Chloride 0.1-0.2%, microbe additive 1%, each raw material sum is 100%.
Preparation method: Pichia pastoris, animal skin glue and Choline Chloride is soluble in water, then the hydrotrope and the mixture of time powder, cotton dregs, corn germ cake, wheat bran, premix and microbe additive are mixed, then heap fermentation 5-7 days.By above-mentioned fermentation material Direct-fed live pig.The addition of described water is Pichia pastoris, animal skin glue and Choline Chloride gross mass 6-10 times.
Described powder is that wheat seed is that raw material grinds the byproduct obtaining after various flour, and crude protein content is 12.9-15.1%.
Described animal skin glue is animal glue, horse skin glue, donkey-hide gelatin or pig skin gelatin, and it is respectively the colloid thing that adds its quality 8-10 water to be doubly brewed into by ox-hide, horse skin, donkey hide or pigskin, is and partly solidifies shape.
Described Pichia pastoris is: the discarded Pichia pastoris that the Pichia pastoris of usining is press-filtered out from fermentation tank as the production plant of expression of enzymes carrier, its protein content>=62%, Pichia yeast viable count>=1.0 * 10
12cFU/g, contains several polysaccharide degrading enzymes such as zytase, cellulase, dextranase.
Described microbe additive: microorganism is one or both in bacillus subtilis or lactic acid bacteria, wherein total viable count>=1.0 * 10
9cFU/g.
Mechanism of the present invention is:
1, yeast is high protein feed raw material.Discarded Pichia pastoris contains zytase, cellulase, dextranase, and the SNSP that can degrade in time powder reduces chyme viscosity in intestines and stomach, improves the production performance of pig.
2, also secretase or acidic materials of bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, can reduce the viscosity of time powder chyme in animal gastrointestinal tract, make up the deficiency of discarded Pichia pastoris activity simultaneously.
3, Choline Chloride, as a kind of feed addictive, can strengthen the activity of the microorganisms such as Pichia pastoris, bacillus, regulates the pH of the Pichia pastoris aqueous solution simultaneously, prevents yeast autolysis.
4, animal skin glue is a kind of protein feed raw material, and cheapness can provide animal multiple essential amino acid, has nourishing function.
5, the present invention, by reasonable compatibility and fermentation procedure between each raw material, has not only guaranteed the nutritional need of pig, has also greatly improved the utilization rate of inferior powder, has realized real the following powder and has replaced corn completely.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: utilize time complete replacement of corn of powder, reduce dregs of beans consumption, increase the use of the low value cheap raw materials such as time powder, discarded Pichia pastoris, animal skin glue, economize on resources, reduce feed cost, reduce mycotoxin, improve the production performance of pig.
The specific embodiment
Example 1
On pig farm, Pingyin, select body weight 60.0 ± 0.5kg Du to greatly enhance 64 of tri-crossbreedings, be divided at random control group and test group, every group of 4 repetitions, 8 pigs of every repetition.Control group fed corn daily ration, test group is time powder daily ration, Diet Formula and cost of material are in Table 1.The corn daily ration of control group is that its specific targets are: digestible energy 13.4MJ/kg, crude protein 14.8%, lysine 0.72% according to the basal diet of national pig trophic level preparation in 2004.Raise in advance 7 days phases, formal 42 days phases.In whole process of the test, pig is raised on cement flooring, manually dry clear excrement.In process of the test, add up feed intake, daily gain, feedstuff-meat ratio.Test data adopts SAS software (8.1 version) to carry out T check analysis.Result of the test is in Table 2.
The compound method of inferior powder daily ration is: according to table 1 by Pichia pastoris (Pichia pastoris viable count>=1.3 * 10
12cFU/g, the enzyme of secretion is zytase, dextranase), animal glue (being the colloid thing that adds the water of 9 times of its quality to be brewed into by ox-hide) and Choline Chloride soluble in water, then by the hydrotrope and inferior powder, cotton dregs, corn germ cake, wheat bran, premix and microbe additive (bacillus subtilis viable count>=1.0 * 10
9cFU/g, viable count of lactobacillus>=1.2 * 10
9cFU/g) mixture mixes, and then heap fermentation is 5 days.By above-mentioned fermentation material Direct-fed live pig.The addition of described water is Pichia pastoris, animal glue and Choline Chloride gross mass 6 times.
From table 1 and table 2, find out, inferior powder daily ration can improve the daily gain of tri-crossbreeding, reduction material anharmonic ratio (
p< 0.05), and inferior powder daily ration (test group) is than corn daily ration (control group) daily ration cost approximately 13.6%, and the remarkable in economical benefits of raising pigs improves.
Example 2
On pig farm, Liaocheng, select 80 of body weight 55.5 ± 0.5kg DLY tri-crossbreedings, be divided at random control group and test group, every group of 5 repetitions, 8 pigs of every repetition.Control group fed corn daily ration, test group is time powder daily ration, Diet Formula and cost of material are in Table 3.The corn daily ration of control group is that its specific targets are: digestible energy 13.4MJ/kg, crude protein 15.5%, lysine 0.81% according to the basal diet of national pig trophic level preparation in 2004.Raise in advance 7 days phases, formal 50 days phases.In whole process of the test, pig is raised on cement flooring, manually dry clear excrement.In process of the test, add up feed intake, daily gain, feedstuff-meat ratio.Test data adopts SAS software to carry out T check analysis.Result of the test is in Table 4.
The compound method of inferior powder daily ration is: according to table 3 by Pichia pastoris (Pichia yeast viable count>=2.5 * 10
12cFU/g, secretase is zytase, cellulase), donkey-hide gelatin (being the colloid thing that adds the water of 8 times of its quality to be brewed into by donkey hide) and Choline Chloride soluble in water, then by the hydrotrope and time powder, cotton dregs, corn germ cake, wheat bran, premix and microbe additive (viable count of lactobacillus>=1.5 * 10
9cFU/g) mixture mixes, and then heap fermentation is 7 days.By above-mentioned fermentation material Direct-fed live pig.The addition of described water is Pichia pastoris, donkey-hide gelatin and Choline Chloride gross mass 10 times.
From table 3 and table 4, find out, inferior powder daily ration can improve tri-crossbreeding daily gain (
p< 0.05), although inferior powder daily ration (test group) and corn daily ration (control group) expect that anharmonic ratio is without significant difference, inferior powder daily ration is than corn daily ration daily ration cost approximately 20.3%, the remarkable in economical benefits of raising pigs improves.
Example 3
On pig farm, Yanggu County, select 40 of body weight 63.0 ± 0.5kg DLY tri-crossbreedings, be divided at random control group and test group, every group of 4 repetitions, 5 pigs of every repetition.Control group fed corn daily ration, test group is time powder daily ration, Diet Formula and cost of material are in Table 5.The corn daily ration of control group is that its specific targets are: digestible energy 13.4MJ/kg, crude protein 14.5%, lysine 0.70% according to the basal diet of national pig trophic level preparation in 2004.Raise in advance 7 days phases, formal 42 days phases.In whole process of the test, pig is raised on cement flooring, manually dry clear excrement.In process of the test, add up feed intake, daily gain, feedstuff-meat ratio.Test data adopts SAS software to carry out T check analysis.Result of the test is in Table 6.
The compound method of inferior powder daily ration is: according to table 5 by Pichia pastoris (Pichia yeast viable count>=2.0 * 10
12cFU/g, the enzyme of secretion is zytase, cellulase, dextranase), horse skin glue (being the colloid thing that adds the water of 8 times of its quality to be brewed into by horse skin) and Choline Chloride soluble in water, then by the hydrotrope and inferior powder, cotton dregs, corn germ cake, wheat bran, premix and microbe additive (bacillus subtilis viable count>=1.0 * 10
9cFU/g, viable count of lactobacillus>=1.0 * 10
8cFU/g) mixture mixes, and then heap fermentation is 5 days.By above-mentioned fermentation material Direct-fed live pig.The addition of described water is Pichia pastoris, horse skin glue and Choline Chloride gross mass 8 times.
From table 5 and table 6, find out, inferior powder daily ration can improve tri-crossbreeding daily gain (
p< 0.05), although inferior powder daily ration (test group) and corn daily ration (control group) expect that anharmonic ratio is without significant difference, inferior powder daily ration is than corn daily ration daily ration cost approximately 13.1%, the remarkable in economical benefits of raising pigs improves.
Claims (5)
1. one kind without corn pig feed, it is characterized in that, by the raw material of following weight ratio, made: inferior powder 68-64%, Pichia pastoris 2-3%, animal skin glue 3-2%, cotton dregs 2.9-3.8%, corn germ cake 5-6%, wheat bran 14-16%, premix 4%, Choline Chloride 0.1-0.2%, microbe additive 1%, each raw material sum is 100%; Pichia pastoris, animal skin glue and Choline Chloride is soluble in water, then the hydrotrope and the mixture of time powder, cotton dregs, corn germ cake, wheat bran, premix and microbe additive are mixed, then heap fermentation 5-7 days; Described animal skin glue is animal glue, horse skin glue, donkey-hide gelatin or pig skin gelatin.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind ofly it is characterized in that without corn pig feed, the microorganism in described microbe additive is one or both in bacillus subtilis or lactic acid bacteria, wherein total viable count>=1.0 * 10
9cFU/g.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of without corn pig feed, it is characterized in that, described Pichia pastoris is: the discarded Pichia pastoris that the Pichia pastoris of usining is press-filtered out from fermentation tank as the production plant of expression of enzymes carrier, its protein content>=62%, Pichia yeast viable count>=1.0 * 10
12cFU/g.
4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind ofly it is characterized in that without corn pig feed, described animal glue, horse skin glue, donkey-hide gelatin or pig skin gelatin are respectively the colloid things that adds its quality 8-10 water to be doubly brewed into by ox-hide, horse skin, donkey hide or pigskin.
5. a kind of as described in any one in claim 1-4 is characterized in that without corn pig feed, the addition of described water be Pichia pastoris, animal skin glue and Choline Chloride gross mass 6-10 doubly.
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| CN201310494092.9A CN103519021B (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | Corn-free pig feed |
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| CN201310494092.9A CN103519021B (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | Corn-free pig feed |
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| CN103519021B CN103519021B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104605154A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-13 | 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Fermented feed |
| CN114601054A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-06-10 | 四川省旺达饲料有限公司 | Novel piglet feed and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114601054A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-06-10 | 四川省旺达饲料有限公司 | Novel piglet feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103519021B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
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