CN103505901A - 基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统 - Google Patents
基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103505901A CN103505901A CN201310451050.7A CN201310451050A CN103505901A CN 103505901 A CN103505901 A CN 103505901A CN 201310451050 A CN201310451050 A CN 201310451050A CN 103505901 A CN103505901 A CN 103505901A
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- lithium bromide
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- exchanger
- water
- flue gas
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium bromide Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwJyBoZWlnaHQ9JzMwMCcgeD0nMCcgeT0nMCc+IDwvcmVjdD4KPHRleHQgeD0nNjguNDUxOCcgeT0nMTcwJyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjQwcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojM0I0MTQzJyA+TDwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nOTQuNzI4NScgeT0nMTcwJyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjQwcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojM0I0MTQzJyA+aTwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMTA1LjIyJyB5PScxNTQnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjZweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID4rPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxODIuNjQ5JyB5PScxNzAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTEnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiM3RjRDMTknID5CPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScyMTAuMjQ5JyB5PScxNzAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTEnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiM3RjRDMTknID5yPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScyMjQuMDI4JyB5PScxNTQnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTEnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjZweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiM3RjRDMTknID4tPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910001517 lithium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract 14
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011229 interlayers Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统。所述系统，其中表面换热器（3）布置在烟囱（4）的入口处，所述的表面换热器（3）通过管路与溴化锂制冷机（5）相连通构成闭合循环回路，该表面换热器（3）上设置有收集凝结水的槽型通道，所述的溴化锂制冷机（5）的入口经管路与汽轮机（7）的低压段抽汽口相连通，汽轮机（7）的出口及经溴化锂制冷机（5）冷凝的凝结水经管路与热井（6）相连通；所述的烟气经表面换热器（3）冷凝后的凝结水和脱硫塔（2）的出水通过管路连入通过槽型通道及管路送入脱硫塔（2）与表面换热器（3）间设置的烟道夹层（10）内。该系统在设备改动不大的前提下，可实现高效率的水资源回收。
Description
基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于节能回收技术领域，具体涉及一种基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统。
背景技术
[0002] 我国火力发电量占全国总发电量80%以上，火力发电厂的耗水量巨大。全国水资源公报和行业统计显示:全国火电用水量占工业用水量的45%。据统计，我国火电厂平均耗水量为3.1〜3.5kg/ (kw.h),而发达国家的发电水耗为2.52kg/ (kW*h),南非发电厂水耗仅为1.25kg/ (kW*h)，因此，在我国火电厂节水工程仍是一项任重道远的工程。尤其现在大型火电厂大多采用湿法脱硫系统，脱硫后烟气携带大量水蒸气进入烟道和烟囱，造成电厂耗水巨大。对北方缺水地区往往不得不采用运行成本更高、脱硫效率较低、但能节水的干法脱硫系统。
[0003] 典型电厂中的用水单元分为循环冷却水系统、化学除盐水系统(锅炉补给水系统)、灰渣用水系统、工业冷却水系统、生活及消防水系统、杂用水系统和脱硫用水系统。火电厂要节水，则必须从这几方面入手。
[0004]目前主要有以下几种节水措施:(1)废水回收利用，实现全厂废水零排放；(2)提高循环水浓缩倍率；(3)除灰系统的改进；(4)采用空冷技术；(5)安装水量计量表并定期对水质进行监测；(6)水汽系统优化；(7)减少电厂废水产生。
[0005] 现在电厂重要的一项考核指标为脱硫效率，要求不低于90%。所以高效的湿法脱硫技术被越来越多的大型电厂所采用，脱硫耗水量也占电厂耗水量的一大部分。现在脱硫水的回收主要是通过脱硫塔内循环进行，但是经过湿法脱硫后的烟气中的水蒸气，一直没有回收的措施。脱硫后的烟气携带30%以上的水蒸气，如果不加回收直接排放大气当中，将会造成巨大的水资源浪费。本发明因此而来。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明目的在于提供一种基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统，很好的解决了现有技术中水分浪费严重的问题，特别能够实现在北方地区采用湿法脱硫，实现极低耗水排放、脱硫高效、运行成本更低。
[0007] 为了解决现有技术中的这些问题，本发明提供的技术方案是:
[0008] 一种基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统，包括顺序设置的与锅炉的烟气通道相连通的脱硫塔和烟®，其特征在于所述脱硫塔和烟®间设置表面换热器；所述表面换热器布置在烟®的入口处，所述的表面换热器通过管路与溴化锂制冷机相连通构成闭合循环回路，该表面换热器上设置有收集凝结水的槽型通道，所述的溴化锂制冷机的入口经管路与汽轮机的低压段抽汽口相连通，汽轮机的出口及经溴化锂制冷机冷凝的凝结水经管路与热井相连通；所述的烟气经表面换热器冷凝后的凝结水和脱硫塔的出水通过管路连入通过槽型通道及管路送入脱硫塔与表面换热器间设置的烟道夹层内。[0009] 优选的技术方案是:所述的汽轮机与溴化锂制冷机相连通的管路上还设置有减压阀。
[0010] 优选的技术方案是:所述的与表面换热器构成闭合回路的溴化锂制冷机的出水温度为6〜20°C。
[0011] 优选的技术方案是:脱硫塔的出水管路、表面换热器的冷凝水出水管路与进入烟道夹层的管路间设置有凝结水三通阀门。
[0012] 本发明的另一目的在于提供一种基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫方法，包括以下步骤:
[0013] I)首先，将溴化锂制冷机的蒸汽入口与汽轮机的低压段抽汽口相连，蒸汽经溴化锂制冷机后形成的凝结水经管路与热井相连；
[0014] 2)其次，在烟®的入口烟道中布置带有收集凝结水槽型通道的表面换热器，然后将表面换热器通过管路与溴化锂制冷机相连通构成闭合循环回路，溴化锂制冷机出来的冷水送入表面换热器进行换热；
[0015] 3)锅炉中的烟气经管道进入脱硫塔，由脱硫塔脱硫后的烟气进入烟囱中设置的表面换热器，由表面换热器对烟气进行冷凝，冷凝后的冷凝水通过换热器槽型通道回收或经管道直接送入脱硫塔与表面换热器之间的烟道夹层。
[0016] 优选的技术方案是:所述的与表面换热器构成闭合回路的溴化锂制冷机的出水温度为6〜20°C。
[0017] 本发明能充分利用电厂汽轮机低压蒸汽抽气，采用溴化锂制冷原理实现制冷回收脱硫系统排气含水。本发明为了减少高热的烟气对表面换热器的冲击，在表面换热器前的烟道夹层内充入冷凝水，可以对烟气进行先行冷却，这对已有湿法脱硫系统电厂节水有重要意义，且可实现在北方地区采用湿法脱硫系统，实现极低耗水排放、脱硫高效、运行成本更低。本方案与电厂其他节水方法不同，直接利用溴化锂制冷原理回收烟气中的带水；将表面换热器增加在烟®前烟道中，冷工质与烟气在表面换热器中进行换热，烟气中的水经过凝结得到回收；该方案在设备改动不大的前提下，可实现高效率的水资源回收。
附图说明
[0018] 以下结合附图进行具体说明:
[0019] 图1是本发明基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统的整体结构示意图。具体实施方式
[0020] 以下结合具体实施例对上述方案做进一步说明。应理解，这些实施例是用于说明本发明而不限于限制本发明的范围。实施例中采用的实施条件可以根据具体厂家的条件做进一步调整，未注明的实施条件通常为常规实验中的条件。
[0021] 实施例
[0022] 如图1所示，本发明包括与锅炉I的烟气通道相连通的脱硫塔2和烟囱4，在烟囱4的入口烟道中布置有表面换热器3，所述的表面换热器3通过管路与溴化锂制冷机5相连通构成闭合循环回路，溴化锂制冷机5的出水温度为6〜20°C，将此冷水送入表面换热器3与烟气进行换热冷凝烟气含水，该表面换热器3上设置有收集凝结水的槽型通道，烟气经表面换热器3冷凝后的凝结水通过槽型通道及管路送入脱硫塔2，且在该管路上还设置有凝结水阀门8 ;所述的溴化锂制冷机5的蒸汽入口经管路与汽轮机7的低压段抽汽口相连通，且在该管路上还设置有减压阀9，利用汽轮机7的抽汽口将蒸汽抽出，通过减压阀9将抽出的蒸汽减至溴化锂制冷机5所需压力送入溴化锂制冷机5 ;汽轮机7的出口及经溴化锂制冷机5冷凝的凝结水经管路与热井6相连通。表面换热器3前的烟道为夹层烟道，其内填充冷凝水，可以初步对烟气进行冷却；其冷凝水来源自表面换热器3或脱硫塔2，也可以通过其他方式泵入温度较低的水进行循环使用。
[0023] 其过程是:
[0024] I)首先，将溴化锂制冷机5的蒸汽入口与汽轮机7的低压段抽汽口相连，蒸汽经溴化锂制冷机5后形成的凝结水经管路与热井6相连；
[0025] 2)其次，在烟囱4的入口烟道中布置带有收集凝结水槽型通道的表面换热器3，然后将表面换热器3通过管路与溴化锂制冷机5的相连通构成闭合循环回路，溴化锂制冷机5出来的冷水送入表面换热器3进行换热；
[0026] 3)锅炉I中的烟气经管道进行脱硫塔2，由脱硫塔2脱硫后的烟气进入烟囱4中设置的表面换热器3，由表面换热器3对烟气进行冷凝，冷凝后的冷凝水通过换热器槽型通道回收或经管道直接送入脱硫塔2。
[0027] 所述的溴化锂制冷机5的入口经管路与汽轮机7的低压段抽汽口相连通，汽轮机7的出口及经溴化锂制冷机5冷凝的凝结水经管路与热井6相连通；所述的烟气经表面换热器3冷凝后的凝结水和脱硫塔2的出水通过管路连入通过槽型通道及管路送入脱硫塔2与表面换热器3间设置的烟道夹层10内。经过湿法脱硫系统后的烟气，其中水分含量较大，因此脱硫后烟气中水分的回收，对缓解干旱地区水资源的缺乏有着重要意义；冷凝烟气带水不用电，而用汽轮机的低压抽汽，冷凝效率高。
[0028] 本发明在汽轮机抽汽方面不须增加其他抽汽口，现有的抽汽口即可；本系统中，烟气为脱硫后烟气，不会对设备造成腐蚀；
[0029] 本系统，可回收烟气中水蒸气60%〜80%。
[0030] 本发明表面换热器管内的工质为冷水，管外为烟气。
[0031] 上述实例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人是能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统，包括顺序设置的与锅炉(I)的烟气通道相连通的脱硫塔(2)和烟® (4)，其特征在于所述脱硫塔(2)和烟® (4)间设置表面换热器(3);所述表面换热器(3)布置在烟® (4)的入口处，所述的表面换热器(3)通过管路与溴化锂制冷机(5)相连通构成闭合循环回路，该表面换热器(3)上设置有收集凝结水的槽型通道，所述的溴化锂制冷机(5)的入口经管路与汽轮机(7)的低压段抽汽口相连通，汽轮机(7)的出口及经溴化锂制冷机(5)冷凝的凝结水经管路与热井(6)相连通；所述的烟气经表面换热器(3)冷凝后的凝结水和脱硫塔(2)的出水通过管路连入通过槽型通道及管路送入脱硫塔(2)与表面换热器(3)间设置的烟道夹层(10)内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统，其特征在于所述的汽轮机(7)与溴化锂制冷机(5)相连通的管路上还设置有减压阀(9)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统，其特征在于所述的与表面换热器(3)构成闭合回路的溴化锂制冷机(5)的出水温度为6〜20°C。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于溴化锂循环回收的烟气排气脱硫系统，其特征在于脱硫塔(2)的出水管路、表面换热器(3)的冷凝水出水管路与进入烟道夹层(10)的管路间设置有凝结水三通阀门(8)。
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| US4398399A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1983-08-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Hermetically circulating, absorption type refrigerator |
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| CN2807153Y (zh) * | 2005-07-07 | 2006-08-16 | 万杰集团有限责任公司 | 一种溴化锂制冷机组冷凝水余热回收利用装置 |
| CN101879379A (zh) * | 2010-07-12 | 2010-11-10 | 西安交通大学 | 一种溴化锂循环回收脱硫系统排气含水的系统及方法 |
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| US4398399A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1983-08-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Hermetically circulating, absorption type refrigerator |
| CN1189598A (zh) * | 1998-01-08 | 1998-08-05 | 江苏双良集团公司 | 二段或多段式热水型溴化锂吸收式制冷装置 |
| CN2807153Y (zh) * | 2005-07-07 | 2006-08-16 | 万杰集团有限责任公司 | 一种溴化锂制冷机组冷凝水余热回收利用装置 |
| CN101879379A (zh) * | 2010-07-12 | 2010-11-10 | 西安交通大学 | 一种溴化锂循环回收脱硫系统排气含水的系统及方法 |
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