CN103472256B - Based on flowing two-dimension speed field measurement method and the device of area array CCD spatial filter - Google Patents
Based on flowing two-dimension speed field measurement method and the device of area array CCD spatial filter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of two-dimension speed field measurement device based on area array CCD spatial filter and measuring method, wherein measurement mechanism comprises a laser instrument, a lens combination, an area array CCD and an image processor.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: when synchronous device without the need to powerful laser instrument, high-resolution CCD and complexity, can realize the velocity survey of the measurand whole audience; Make full use of matrix CCD as spatial filter and detector, combine with image processor, system equipment is simple, convenient data processing, avoid correlation method image procossing amount of calculation large, slow and the Traditional Space filter method of search speed cannot realize the problems such as flowing velocity field measurement, and have lower requirement to the installation of instrument, debugging and environment for use thereof, the fluid flow fields that can be applicable under different occasion is measured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to speed measurement techniques field, be specifically related to a kind of flowing two-dimension speed field measurement method based on area array CCD spatial filter and device.
Background technology
For the measurement of two dimensional surface speed, mainly contain Particle-beam Tracing tachometric method (Particle Tracer Velocimetry, be called for short PTV), particle image ve locity method (Particle Image Velocimetry, be called for short PIV) and laser speckle velocimetry (LaserSpeckle Velocimetry is called for short LSV).PTV/PIV is the very important instrument of one of the Study of Fluid mechanics that the eighties in 20th century grows up, but current commercial PIV instrument and equipment is complicated, and expensive, this just significantly limit the application and development of PIV measuring instrument.
1977, speckle measuring technology was introduced into field of fluid mechanics, was used for measuring the movement velocity in flow field, was referred to as laser speckle velocimetry, and developed into particle image velocimetry method gradually, applied particularly extensive in flow field velocity is measured.Its basic process utilizes laser to irradiate flowing object to be measured to form speckle, accepts speckle, finally carry out Treatment Analysis to speckle pattern, then obtain required velocity information with photelectric receiver.In the art, speckle image processing is emphasis, is also difficult point.At present, the loading by means of digital image correlation method that adopts processes more, and its ultimate principle is the methods analyst speckle image by images match, analyzes on this basis and obtains tested the speed degree.When Applied Digital DIC Method carries out object velocity to be measured measurement, higher to the quality requirements of image, when object velocity to be measured is too fast, it is fuzzy that image will become, and the velocity range measured when therefore the method is for measuring object to be measured is little; In algorithm, some algorithm is simple but calculated amount is large, and as early stage thickness search procedure, programming is simple, be easy to realize, but search speed is slow.
Existing space wave filter, as parallel slits grating, linear optical fiber bundle, linear photoconductor detector array, also the measurement to flowing velocity can be realized, just these filter construction intervals g is difficult to ensure to have higher accuracy, need subsequent amplification circuitry simultaneously, comparatively complicated, be not easy to the system integration, what is more important existing space filter method often only can realize the measurement of fluid single-point speed, and cannot realize flowing velocity field measurement.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the deficiency existed when the present invention is directed to particle image processing and existing space filter method flow field survey, propose the method and apparatus of the fluid velocity field measurement based on CCD spatial filter, selectivity interlacing is carried out to the flow image of shooting and samples every row, to simulate the spa-tial filter properties of grating, and then fluid two-dimension speed field measurement can be realized by the method for spectrum analysis.The inventive method and device only need utilize the gas laser of low-power, small-sized continuous luminous as light source, high speed CCD camera is utilized to obtain the image of flowing object to be measured, and then analyze and obtain the velocity field of object of flowing, have be easy to realize, data processing is easy, measurement range is large, low cost and other advantages.
Technical scheme: the present invention is based on spatial filtering measuring principle, propose a kind of utilize area array CCD spatial filter to carry out two-dimension speed field measuring method and device, its basic ideas: laser instrument is as line source, laser line light source irradiates the flowing object to be measured containing particle, matrix CCD is utilized to take as image detector convection cell, obtain the flow image containing velocity information, selectivity interlacing is carried out to the flow image of CCD shooting and samples every row, and by the method for spectrum analysis, and then flowing two-dimension speed field can be obtained, thus achieve and treat the optical non-contact measurement that flow measurement moves object velocity.
Based on a two-dimension speed field measurement device for area array CCD spatial filter, it is characterized in that, comprising:
One laser instrument, for sending emergent light;
One lens combination, for the light-struck trace particle imaging of described outgoing;
One area array CCD, for gathering the image of described lens combination imaging;
One image processor, is divided into different subregions by area array CCD, and each subregion, as a spatial filter, is then converted to gray-scale value matrix gathering the every two field picture obtained; On this basis this gray-scale value matrix is also divided into different sensitive sub-region, each sensitive sub-region is as a space velocity measured zone, respectively to all sensitive sub-region grey scale pixel values, carry out selectivity interlacing and every the cumulative mode of row to simulate shading and the printing opacity effect of traditional raster wave filter, finally Fourier transform is carried out to cumulative gray scale original signal sequence in the same sensitizing range of all images gathered, obtain the peak frequency of signal; The vector velocity of each sensitive sub-region is calculated according to the peak frequency obtaining signal; Above-mentioned process is carried out to all sensitive sub-region, can realize in area array CCD field range, fluid two-dimension speed distribution measuring.
Described laser instrument is He-Ne laser instrument or the diode laser of continuous luminous.
Described lens combination comprises two ordinary optical camera lenses, and the magnification of lens combination is 0.8, and focal length is 69mm, f number 1.4.
Based on a measuring method for the two-dimension speed field of area array CCD spatial filter, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step one, in flowing object to be measured, add the trace particle that volumetric concentration is 0.0005% ~ 0.005%, laser instrument line source emergent light is radiated at the flowing object to be measured containing trace particle, due to the scattering process of light, utilize matrix CCD can obtain a series of Particles Moving image, utilize the image acquisition units collection of image processor and be stored in the storage element of image processor;
Second step, matrix CCD array partition is become different subregions, each subregion is as a spatial filter, then gray-scale value matrix is converted to gathering the image obtained, this gray-scale value matrix is also divided into different sensitive sub-region on this basis, and each sensitive sub-region is as a space velocity measured zone;
3rd step, respectively to all sensitive sub-region grey scale pixel values, carry out selectivity interlacing and every the cumulative mode of row to simulate shading and the printing opacity effect of traditional raster wave filter, finally Fourier transform is carried out to cumulative gray scale original signal sequence in the same sensitizing range of all images gathered, obtain the peak frequency of signal; Horizontal velocity V
xby in sensitive sub-region every the time-domain spectral peak frequency f of row row grey scale pixel value cumulative sum sequence
xobtain, and vertical speed V
yby the time-domain spectral peak frequency f of interlacing row grey scale pixel value cumulative sum sequence in sensitive sub-region
yobtain, concrete velocity survey is closed and is:
V
x＝g·f
x/M (1)
V
y＝g·f
y/M (2)
In formula, g is the interval in sensitive sub-region between column or row, and M is the rate mu-factor of image, is determined by the optical lens parameter of lens combination;
4th step, to the horizontal direction speed V obtained in sensitive sub-region
xwith vertical direction speed V
y, ask vector, the vector velocity V of this sensitive sub-region can be obtained:
5th step, above-mentioned steps three and four is repeated to each sensitive sub-region of matrix CCD array partition, the vector V in each sensitive sub-region can be obtained, therefore can realize area array CCD field range inner fluid two-dimension speed distribution measuring.
The present invention is based on the measurement mechanism of the flowing two-dimension speed field measurement method of above-mentioned matrix CCD, comprise the image processor of laser instrument, lens combination, area array CCD and band image acquisition units (image pick-up card) and storage unit, the wherein optional conventional computing machine of image processor, laser instrument is line source, its inside, with cylindrical mirror, realizes the expansion of pointolite to line source; Lens combination is connected with area array CCD by bayonet socket, and area array CCD is connected with the image pick-up card of computing machine by signal cable.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: when synchronous device without the need to powerful laser instrument, high-resolution CCD and complexity, can realize the velocity survey of the measurand whole audience; Make full use of matrix CCD as spatial filter and detector, combine with image processor, system equipment is simple, convenient data processing, avoid correlation method image procossing amount of calculation large, slow and the Traditional Space filter method of search speed cannot realize the problems such as flowing velocity field measurement, has lower requirement to the installation of instrument, debugging and environment for use thereof, can be applicable to fluid flow field survey under different occasion.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the flowing two-dimension speed field measurement device based on CCD spatial filter of the present invention; Wherein, laser instrument line source 1, lens combination 2, area array CCD 3, image processor 4.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram divided based on the two-dimension speed distribution measuring sensitizing range of area array CCD spatial filter.
Fig. 3 is nano-fluid flow velocity field measurement result in horizontal pipe.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, illustrate the present invention further.Should understand these embodiments to be only not used in for illustration of the present invention and to limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
Principle of work of the present invention: to treating to plant trace particle in fluid measured, trace particle is subject to laser line light source and irradiates, and high speed face array CCD 3, under the control of software for calculation, is gathered by image processor 4 and obtains flow field figure picture, and be stored in image processor; In image processor 4, first image processing software chooses multiple sensitive sub-region to the multiple image obtained, then in every sub regions, selectivity interlacing is carried out to row and column and every the cumulative mode of row to simulate shading and the printing opacity effect of traditional raster wave filter, finally to cumulative interlacing with every row original gradation burst, carry out the peak frequency f that Fourier's change obtains signal
xand f
y, and calculate the speed of sensitive sub-region, can obtain and treat the field distribution of fluid measured two-dimension speed.
As shown in Figure 1, the flowing two-dimension speed field measurement device based on CCD spatial filter of the present invention mainly comprises light source 1, lens combination 2, staggered scanning CCD3, image processor 4.Light source can adopt continuous wave laser line source 1 (as He-Ne laser instrument 1).Lens combination 2 comprise two ordinary optical camera lenses (magnification 0.8 of lens combination 2, focal length 69mm, f number 1.4, design parameter can experimentally demand select), be connected with high speed face array CCD 3 by C bayonet socket.High speed face array CCD 3 is connected with image processor by signal cable.Under the control of the image data processing software in image processor 4, the total tunes such as image acquisition, storage and process can be completed.
Composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2, below in conjunction with nano-fluid flowing velocity field measurement in horizontal pipe, illustrate the course of work of the present invention and flow chart of data processing:
1. due in nano-fluid containing nano particle, the flowing of base fluid fluid can be followed, therefore without the need to treating to add trace particle in fluid measured.Laser instrument line source 1 emergent light is fan-shaped light sheets, under the irradiation of sheet light source, the scatter spot that in nano-fluid, each self-forming of nano particle one is little, utilizes high speed face array CCD sensor 3 to obtain array of fluid moving image, utilizes image processor 4 gather and be stored in processor.
2. ccd sensor array partition is become the subregion that 25x25 different, each subregion comprises 10x10 pixel, as a spatial filter, corresponding becomes different sensitive sub-region gathering the sequence image gray-scale value matrix trace inequality obtained, and each subregion is as a space velocity measured zone.
3. respectively following process is done to each sensitive sub-region:
1) in a certain subregion, horizontal velocity V
xtreatment step as follows: for m two field picture, from the first row of sensitive sub-region, the image intensity value of first row is added to obtain C
m1(which two field picture what wherein subscript m represented is), after 1 row, then is added to obtain C by the gray-scale value of next column pixel
m2, the rest may be inferred, can obtain C through 5 accumulation process
m1, C
m2, C
m3, C
m4, C
m5.Area array CCD utilizes this mode cumulative every row, just can simulate shading and the printing opacity effect of traditional raster wave filter, then C
m1, C
m2, C
m3, C
m4, C
m5addition obtains C
m, namely have:
C
m＝C
m1+C
m2+C
m3+C
m4+C
m5(4）
Image is opened for the n in the same sampling period, a sequence C=(C can be obtained
1, C
2..., C
m... C
n), wherein n is the frame number of image, then sequence C is carried out Fourier transform and obtains Power Spectrum Distribution figure, from Power Spectrum Distribution figure, just can obtain peak frequency f
x, this subregion fluid levels speed can be determined.
V
x＝g·f
x/M (1)
2) for the vertical speed V in subregion
y, adopt the interlacing grey scale pixel value of similar process to add up, obtain time series D=(D
1, D
2... D
n), sequence D is carried out Fourier transform and obtains Power Spectrum Distribution figure, from Power Spectrum Distribution figure, just can obtain peak frequency f
y, this subregion fluid orthogonal speed can be determined.
V
y＝g·f
y/M (2)
3) to the horizontal direction speed V in subregion
xwith vertical direction speed V
ycarry out vector summing, the speed V of each sensitive sub-region can be obtained.
4) above-mentioned steps 3 and 4 is repeated to 25x25 sensitive sub-region of matrix CCD array partition, the vector V in each sensitive sub-region can be obtained, therefore can realize CCD field range inner fluid two-dimension speed distribution measuring.Fig. 3 is nano-fluid flow velocity field measurement result in horizontal pipe.
Claims (1)
1. adopt the measuring method based on the two-dimension speed field measurement device of area array CCD spatial filter, wherein, two-dimension speed field measurement device comprises:
One laser instrument, for sending emergent light;
One lens combination, for the light-struck trace particle imaging of described outgoing;
One area array CCD, for gathering the image of described lens combination imaging;
One image processor, is divided into different subregions by area array CCD, and each subregion, as a spatial filter, is then converted to gray-scale value matrix gathering the every two field picture obtained; On this basis this gray-scale value matrix is also divided into different sensitive sub-region, each sensitive sub-region is as a space velocity measured zone, respectively to all sensitive sub-region grey scale pixel values, carry out selectivity interlacing and every the cumulative mode of row to simulate shading and the printing opacity effect of traditional raster wave filter, finally Fourier transform is carried out to cumulative gray scale original signal sequence in the same sensitizing range of all images gathered, obtain the peak frequency of signal; The vector velocity of each sensitive sub-region is calculated according to the peak frequency obtaining signal; Above-mentioned process is carried out to all sensitive sub-region, can realize in the battle array field range of CCD face, fluid two-dimension speed distribution measuring;
It is characterized in that, measuring method comprises the steps:
Step one, in flowing object to be measured, add the trace particle that volumetric concentration is 0.0005% ~ 0.005%, laser instrument line source emergent light is radiated at the flowing object to be measured containing trace particle, due to the scattering process of light, utilize matrix CCD can obtain a series of Particles Moving image, utilize the image acquisition units collection of image processor and be stored in the storage element of image processor;
Second step, matrix CCD array partition is become different subregions, each subregion is as a spatial filter, then gray-scale value matrix is converted to gathering the image obtained, this gray-scale value matrix is also divided into different sensitive sub-region on this basis, and each sensitive sub-region is as a space velocity measured zone;
3rd step, respectively to all sensitive sub-region grey scale pixel values, carry out selectivity interlacing and every the cumulative mode of row to simulate shading and the printing opacity effect of traditional raster wave filter, finally Fourier transform is carried out to cumulative gray scale original signal sequence in the same sensitizing range of all images gathered, obtain the peak frequency of signal; Horizontal velocity V
xby in sensitive sub-region every the time-domain spectral peak frequency f of row row grey scale pixel value cumulative sum sequence
xobtain, and vertical speed V
yby the time-domain spectral peak frequency f of interlacing row grey scale pixel value cumulative sum sequence in sensitive sub-region
yobtain, concrete velocity survey is closed and is:
V
x＝g·f
x/M (1)
V
y＝g·f
y/M (2)
In formula, g is the interval in sensitive sub-region between column or row, and M is the rate mu-factor of image, is determined by the optical lens parameter of lens combination;
4th step, to the horizontal direction speed V obtained in sensitive sub-region
xwith vertical direction speed V
yask vector, the vector velocity V of this sensitive sub-region can be obtained:
5th step, above-mentioned steps three and four is repeated to each sensitive sub-region of matrix CCD array partition, the vector V in each sensitive sub-region can be obtained, therefore can realize CCD field range inner fluid two-dimension speed distribution measuring.
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