CN103423869A - 一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉 - Google Patents
一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103423869A CN103423869A CN201310351741XA CN201310351741A CN103423869A CN 103423869 A CN103423869 A CN 103423869A CN 201310351741X A CN201310351741X A CN 201310351741XA CN 201310351741 A CN201310351741 A CN 201310351741A CN 103423869 A CN103423869 A CN 103423869A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- furnace
- heat
- conduction oil
- main combustion
- Prior art date
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- 239000003921 oils Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000002485 combustion reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000839 emulsions Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011819 refractory materials Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000446 fuels Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002910 solid wastes Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutants Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagrams Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000809 air pollutants Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carriers Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reactions Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric oxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉，涉及劣质煤、固体废弃物、城市与工业污泥、生物质燃料的循环流化床燃烧设备，具体涉及导热油的加热装置。它主要由给料装置、主燃室、副燃室、燃尽室、旋风分离器组成，主燃室与燃尽室中布置有导热油盘管，旋风分离器之后可以布置省煤器与空预器，也可以布置余热锅炉。本发明导热油的加热装置采用卧式循环流化床技术，改变了传统采用链条炉加热的结构形式；改变了传统循环流化床锅炉单级、立式循环的结构，有效降低了锅炉高度，降低了对厂房建设高度的要求；通过合理的结构布局，有效避免了循环流化床锅炉易磨损的问题，并且对燃料具有广泛的适应性，燃烧效率高，并且具有较低污染物排放量。
Description
一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种导热油炉，具体地说是一种采用卧式循环流化床技术的导热油炉。
背景技术
[0002] 导热油炉是一种以热传导液为加热介质的新型特种锅炉，具有低压高温工作特性。有机热载体炉的工作压力虽然比较低，但炉内热传导液温度高，且大多具有易燃易爆的特性，一旦在运行中发生泄漏，将会引起火灾，爆炸等事故，甚至造成人员伤亡和财产损失。因此，对有机热载体炉的通常要求是在确保安全性的前提下的高能效，由于以往循环流化床锅炉运行中对受热面的磨损问题，使得循环流化床炉型一直没有在有机热载体炉中获得推广、应用。目前的导热油炉主要采用手烧炉排、链条炉排、型煤炉排等燃烧方式，这些燃烧方式不仅要燃用优质烟煤，而且热效率低、能源浪费严重、大气污染物排放量高。
[0003] 中国专利CN 2924401Y公布了一种“沸腾导热油炉”技术，该技术将沸腾燃烧方式应用到导热油炉上，采用常规立式循环流化床锅炉技术，一级回灰，锅炉高度较高，厂房土建投资高；该技术在炉膛的密相区设置有导热油管，存在管壁磨损与安全运行隐患；同时该技术将二次风作为返料风使用，失去了针对不同燃料特性或者锅炉负荷变化时炉膛配风的灵活性；另外该技术对生物质燃料的燃烧没有提及，其布置结构与配风方式是否能够燃烧生物质尚待检验。中国专利CN1786565A公布了一种卧式循环流化床燃烧设备及其循环燃烧方法，该技术在有效降低了炉膛高度的同时仍具有较长的高温流程，但该技术主燃室、副燃室和燃尽室均采用膜式壁结构，对于导热油盘管的布置也并未做出说明。
发明内容
[0004] 针对现有技术存在的不足和缺陷，本发明的目的在于提出一种采用卧式循环流化床技术的导热油锅，以期解决现有导热油炉只能燃烧优质烟煤，且燃烧效率低，大气污染物排放量高的问题。
[0005] 本发明的技术方案如下:一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉，它包括给料装置、主燃室、副燃室、燃尽室、旋风分离器、分离器出口烟道和引风机；主燃室下部布置布风板，在布风板的下端布置一次风装置；主燃密相区布置耐磨耐火浇注层；副燃室与燃尽室下方布置回灰斗，回灰斗下方布置一级返料装置；旋风分离器下方布置二级返料装置；一级返料管与二级返料管的出口分别与主燃室密相区连接，其特征在于:所述主燃室与燃尽室中分别布置导热油进口集箱、导热油出口集箱和两级导热油盘管，两级导热油盘管采用串联形式盘旋于主燃室和燃尽室内壁；所述主燃室、副燃室和燃尽室均为绝热炉膛。
[0006] 上述技术方案中，流经旋风分离器的热烟气经分离器出口烟道进入尾部烟道，尾部烟道内布置有省煤器进口集箱、省煤器和空气预热器；导热油经省煤器进口集箱进入省煤器，与热烟气逆流换热后进入燃尽室中的导热油进口集箱。
[0007] 本发明的又一技术方案是:该导热油炉还包括余热锅炉，烟气流经空气预热器后，经连接烟道与余热锅炉相连。或者是分离器出口烟道与余热锅炉直接相连，流经旋风分离器的热烟气经分离器出口烟道进入余热锅炉。
[0008] 本发明的技术特征还在于:在主燃室密相区与稀相区的交界处、副燃室和燃尽室的下方布置二次风装置。在主燃室密相区与稀相区的交界处、副燃室和燃尽室的下方布置烟气再循环接口，烟气再循环接口通过烟道与锅炉引风机出口烟道相连，实现烟气再循环。一级返料管与水平线夹角为0°〜45°，二级返料管与水平线夹角为30°〜60°。耐磨耐火浇注层布置高度为主燃室高度的1/4〜1/3，密相区底部耐磨耐火浇注层围成的炉膛截面与稀相区炉膛的截面积之比为0.2〜0.3。
[0009] 本发明具有以下优点及突出性的技术效果:①由于采用卧式循环流化床技术，燃料适应性广、高温烟气流程较长、燃烧效率高，并且通过一次风与二次风的配比，可有效燃用劣质煤、固体废弃物、城市与工业污泥、生物质燃料。②由于采用卧式循环流化床技术，炉膛内部低温燃烧，有效控制了氮氧化物的生成，同时通过向炉膛内部输送石灰石，可实现炉内脱硫，脱硫效率高，锅炉尾部大气污染物排放量低。③在主燃室密相区布置耐磨耐火浇注层，耐磨耐火浇注层包裹部分导热油盘管，并且通过选取合理的截面积，也有效控制了烟气流速，减轻了对导热油盘管的磨损。④由于采用卧式循环流化床技术，通过降低锅炉高度，有效减少了厂房建设时的初始投资。 附图说明
[0010] 图1为本发明提供的一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉实施例的结构原理示意图。
[0011] 图2为卧式循环流化床导热油炉炉膛截面示意图。
[0012] 图3为本发明的另一种实施例的结构原理示意图，即在分离器出口烟道之后布置省煤器和空气预热器的示意图。
[0013] 图中:1 一给料装置；2 —布风板；3 —二次风装置；4 一导热油盘管；5 —主燃室；
6 一副燃室；7 —回灰斗；8--级返料装置；9--级返料管；10 —燃尽室；11 一分尚器；
12 一二级返料装置；13 —二级返料管；14 一省煤器；15 —空气预热器；16--次风室；
17 —耐磨耐火浇注层；18 —分离器出口烟道；19 一烟气再循环接口 ；20 —导热油进口集箱；21 —导热油出口集箱；22 —省煤器进口集箱。
具体实施方式
[0014] 下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式及工作过程作进一步的说明。
[0015] 图1为本发明一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉示意图，它包括给料装置1、主燃室
5、副燃室6、燃尽室10、旋风分离器11、分离器出口烟道18和引风机；主燃室5下部布置布风板2，在布风板2的下端布置一次风装置16 ;主燃室5密相区布置耐磨耐火浇注层17 ;副燃室6与燃尽室10下方布置回灰斗7，回灰斗7下方布置一级返料装置8 ;旋风分离器11下方布置二级返料装置12 ;—级返料管9与二级返料管13的出口分别与主燃室密相区连接；主燃室5和燃尽室10中分别布置导热油进口集箱20、导热油出口集箱21和两级导热油盘管4，两级导热油盘管4采用串联形式盘旋于主燃室和燃尽室的炉膛内壁；主燃室5、副燃室6和燃尽室10均为绝热炉膛；在主燃室5密相区与稀相区的交界处、副燃室6和燃尽室10的下方布置烟气再循环接口 19，烟气再循环接口 19通过烟道与锅炉引风机出口烟道相连，实现烟气再循环；在主燃室5密相区与稀相区的交界处、副燃室6和燃尽室10的下方布置二次风装置3，二次风装置3通过风道与鼓风机出口风道相连，两处二次风装置3可单独使用和调节；一级返料管9与水平线夹角为0°〜45°，二级返料管13与水平线夹角为30°〜60° ;耐磨耐火浇注层17布置高度为主燃室高度的1/4〜1/3，密相区底部耐磨耐火浇注层17围成的炉膛截面与稀相区炉膛的截面积之比为0.2〜0.3。
[0016] 流经旋风分离器11的热烟气可以经分离器出口烟道18直接进入余热锅炉，导热油经燃尽室中的导热油进口集箱20进入两级串联的导热油盘管4内进行吸热升温，最后进入导热油出口集箱21。热烟气则在余热锅炉内继续放热降温至一定温度后，排放至大气中。余热锅炉则可利用烟气释放的热量来制备蒸汽或者热水。
[0017] 流经旋风分离器11的热烟气经分离器出口烟道18进入布置有省煤器14和空气预热器15的尾部烟道，热烟气在尾部烟道内放热后可继续被引至余热锅炉，余热锅炉则可利用烟气继续释放的热量制备蒸汽或者热水。
[0018] 图2为本发明锅炉炉膛截面示意图，导热油盘管4布置在主燃室5与燃尽室10中，两级导热油盘管采用串联的形式，盘旋于炉膛内壁。导热油经燃尽室中的导热油进口集箱20进入导热油盘管内进行吸热，然后经导管被引至主燃室中的导热油盘管内继续吸热，之后经过导热油出口集箱21被引出锅炉，完成导热油的吸热过程。
[0019] 图3为本发明的另一种实施例的结构原理示意图，即在分离器出口烟道之后布置省煤器和空气预热器的示意图。流经旋风分离器11的热烟气可以经分离器出口烟道18进入尾部烟道，流经旋风分离器11的热烟气可以经分离器出口烟道18进入尾部烟道，尾部烟道内布置有省煤器14、空气预热器15和省煤器进口集箱22 ;导热油经省煤器进口集箱22进入省煤器11，与热烟气逆流换热后进入燃尽室10中的导热油进口集箱20，导热油继续在主燃室与燃尽室内的导热油盘管4中吸热升温，最后进入导热油出口集箱21。热烟气则在尾部烟道内继续放热降温至一定温度后，排放至大气中。
[0020] 本发明的工作原理及过程如下:
[0021] 燃料通过人工或者机械动力被输送至给料装置I上，在一次风室16的作用下布风板2上的床料成流化状态，床料与燃料混合燃烧；高温烟气流经主燃室5、副燃室6和燃尽室10 ;通过二次风装置3向炉膛补充燃料燃烧所需的氧气，主燃室5稀相区与燃尽室10中布置导热油盘管4 ;通过配风与控制返料，将高温烟气控制在800〜900°C之间，同时足够长的高温烟气流程保证了燃料的充分燃烧，并且炉膛内部也完成了脱硫与控制氮氧化物的生成；通过布置在副燃室6和燃尽室10下方的回灰斗7与旋风分离器11，飞灰被捕捉并被一级返料装置8和二级返料装置12分别通过一级返料管9和二级返料管13输送至主燃室5，构成灰循环，在控制炉膛温度的的情况下，使物料充分燃烧。通过布置在主燃室密相区与稀相区的交界处、副燃室和燃尽室下方的烟气再循环接口与二次风装置，实现烟气再循环与二次风的有效调节，再循环烟气来自引风机出口烟道，烟气温度较低；二次风来自大气，温度为环境温度。通过烟气再循环接口与二次风装置，冷烟气与冷风被引至炉膛，可有效控制炉膛温度，避免炉膛出现结焦、超温等影响安全运行的因素。
[0022] 导热油在导热油盘管内吸热升温后进入导热油出口集箱；热烟气则在炉膛内燃烧放热后，进入布置有省煤器与空气预热器的尾部烟道或者余热锅炉内继续放热降温至排放温度后，排至大气。
Claims (8)
1.一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉，它包括给料装置(I)、主燃室(5)、副燃室(6)、燃尽室(10)、旋风分离器(11)、分离器出口烟道(18)和引风机；主燃室(5)下部布置布风板(2)，在布风板(2)的下端布置一次风装置(16);主燃室(5)密相区布置耐磨耐火浇注层(17);副燃室(6)与燃尽室(10)下方布置回灰斗(7)，回灰斗(7)下方布置一级返料装置(8);旋风分离器(11)下方布置二级返料装置(12);—级返料管(9)与二级返料管(13)的出口分别与主燃室密相区连接，其特征在于:在所述主燃室(5)和燃尽室(10)中分别布置导热油进口集箱(20)、导热油出口集箱(21)和两级导热油盘管(4)，两级导热油盘管(4)采用串联形式盘旋于主燃室和燃尽室的炉膛内壁；所述主燃室(5)、副燃室(6)和燃尽室(10)均为绝热炉膛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉，其特征在于:流经旋风分离器(11)的热烟气经分离器出口烟道(18)进入尾部烟道，尾部烟道内布置有省煤器进口集箱(22)、省煤器(14)和空气预热器(15);导热油经省煤器进口集箱(22)进入省煤器(11)，与热烟气逆流换热后进入燃尽室(10)中的导热油进口集箱(20)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉，其特征在于:烟气流经空气预热器(15 )后，经连接烟道与余热锅炉相连。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉，其特征在于:所述分离器出口烟道(18)与余热锅炉直接相连，流经旋风分离器(11)的热烟气经分离器出口烟道(18)进入余热锅炉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉，其特征在于:在主燃室(5)密相区与稀相区的交界处、副燃室(6)和燃尽室(10)的下方布置二次风装置(3)。
6.根据权利要求1〜5任一权利要求所述的一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉，其特征在于:在主燃室(5)密相区与稀相区的交界处、副燃室(6)和燃尽室(10)的下方布置烟气再循环接口( 19)，烟气再循环接口( 19)通过烟道与锅炉引风机出口烟道相连，实现烟气再循环。
7.根据权利要求1〜5任一权利要求所述的一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉，其特征在于:一级返料管(9)与水平线夹角为0°〜45°，二级返料管(13)与水平线夹角为30°〜60。。
8.根据权利要求1〜5任一权利要求所述的一种卧式循环流化床导热油炉，其特征在于:耐磨耐火浇注层(17)布置高度为主燃室高度的1/4〜1/3，密相区底部耐磨耐火浇注层(17)围成的炉膛截面与稀相区炉膛的截面积之比为0.2〜0.3。
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| CN107687632A (zh) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-02-13 | 杭州锅炉集团股份有限公司 | 导热油与水蒸汽双介质联产循环流化床锅炉 |
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