CN103416205A - Flue-cured tobacco open field culture round hole type transplanting method - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco open field culture round hole type transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103416205A CN103416205A CN2013103734962A CN201310373496A CN103416205A CN 103416205 A CN103416205 A CN 103416205A CN 2013103734962 A CN2013103734962 A CN 2013103734962A CN 201310373496 A CN201310373496 A CN 201310373496A CN 103416205 A CN103416205 A CN 103416205A
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 44
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- DHKHZGZAXCWQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[K] Chemical compound [N].[K] DHKHZGZAXCWQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005903 Gamma-cyhalothrin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001582888 Lobus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-GCMPRSNUSA-N gamma-cyhalothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-GCMPRSNUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco open field culture round hole type transplanting method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out land preparation, ditching, applying a basic fertilizer and ridging; (2) carrying out punching to form round holes on ridge bodies by adopting a puncher; (3) vertically placing the tobacco seedlings into the round holes in a mode that roots are downwards to carry out transplanting; (4) sprinkling root fixing water in which a seedling improvement fertilizer is dissolved along the hole walls and at the same day, spraying a pesticide; and (5) after transplanting seedlings for 3 to 5 days, checking and supplementing the seedlings, applying an additional fertilizer after 10 days, filling the round holes after 15 days, earthing to ditches until ridge bodies are full after 35 days, and then entering the management stage. The method has the following advantages that 1, the transplanting round holes have small diameters so as to cause low damage to the ridge bodies and a mulched plastic film; 2, the method has no compressing effect on soil in the holes; 3, tobacco seedling transplanting efficiency is improved; 4, the tobacco seedlings are promoted to early grow and quickly tiller and growth neatness of the tobacco seedlings is improved; and 5, the method is simple to operate and is easy to popularize. The method is suitable for planting flue-cured tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method.
Background technology
Tobacco planting mainly adopts the method for the rear transplanting of first growing seedlings at present.Grow seedlings and mainly adopt floating seedlings and the moistening two kinds of modes of growing seedlings of pallet, all adopt the cultivation technique without soil in the plant nutrition principle, with seedling medium, substitute natural soil.Be sown into tobacco seed after utilizing expanded polystyrene lattice dish filling matrix while growing seedlings on matrix, then seedling-cultivating tray after planting floated in the nursery pond that contains nutrient solution or keeps seedling-cultivating tray moistening, complete sprouting, growth and the seedling process of cigarette seedling.Transplanting is the important technical links in cured tobacco production, and known flue-cured tobacco transplanting mode is first ridging, then on ridge, beats nest, then puts into the cigarette seedling, and earthing, compacting, water normal root water.Make nest general using hoe and carry out, labour intensity is large, operating efficiency is lower, and transplanting time drags longlyer, affect the cigarette strain regularity of growing; To the ridge body, destroy larger simultaneously.
In recent years, flue-cured tobacco transplanting method is innovated.Patent No. ZL201110203197.5 " flue-cured tobacco mulch film well cellar type seedling transplanting method " and patent application No. 201110388595.9 " non-mulching-film well pit type cured tobacco young seedling transplanting methods " have also solved after the unfavorable transplanting of part flue-cured tobacco growing district transplanting time drought, cigarette transplantation of seedlings the problems such as seedling stage is long, can also shorten seedling raise period, also can improve cigarette strain growth regularity.The punch device simultaneously matched with well cellar for storing things formula young seedling transplanting method also designs, as ZL201220430089.1 " backpack flue-cured tobacco seedling is transplanted puncher " and ZL201220430100.4 " portable flue-cured tobacco seedling is transplanted puncher ".But this kind of transplanting method only is applicable to the little transplantation of seedlings of flue-cured tobacco, and the punching diameter is larger, larger to ridge body destruction, during punching, soil had to the implementation of compression use, and unfavorable cigarette shoot root is growth.The cigarette seedling of planting in hand-hole as heavy rain after the transplanting in addition, can be impaired because of water logging.
Summary of the invention
The transplanting method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of flue-cured tobacco outdoor cropping, to reach the purpose that improves flue-cured tobacco transplanting efficiency, shortening flue-cured tobacco transplanting time, improves the tobacco growth regularity.
The inventor adopts flue-cured tobacco outdoor cropping circular hole formula transplantation technique scheme to comprise the following steps:
(1) before flue-cured tobacco transplanting 7～10 days, put kind of a cigarette ground in order, open center line bar basal dressing at the bottom of ，Yan ridge, railway carriage or compartment, ridging then, the full circular arc type that is of ridge body, the ridge face is flat and in small, broken bits;
(2) adopt special-purpose punching device to beat circular hole on the body of ridge;
(3) floating seedlings mode or tray seedling growth mode are educated to healthy and strong cigarette shoot root section and vertically put into circular hole down, cigarette seedling lobus cardiacus flushes with aperture, and other blades stretch out aperture;
(4) after the cigarette transplantation of seedlings enters circular hole, along the every hole of hole wall, drench into normal root water, in normal root water, dissolve in and carry seed manure.Sprayed the insecticide control soil insect same day in transplanting.
(5) transplant and looked into seedling after 3～5 days and fill the gaps with seedlings, after 10 days, all the other being topdressed to be watered to drench applies in circular hole, after 15 days, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, with soil, fills up circular hole, 35 days afterwards upper railway carriage or compartment to the ridge of ridging height reach 30cm.Then carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bud picking of pinching in time, ripe rear picking and roasting in time.
In above-mentioned (1) step, describedly open that railway carriage or compartment undertaken by row spacing 110cm; Described base manure be well-rotted farmyard manure or/and the fermentation cake fertilizer or/and composite fertilizer, the ratio that the base manure amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied 85%, total phosphorus application amount 100%; Described ridge height 20～25cm, ridge bottom width 80～85cm.
In above-mentioned (2) step, described special-purpose punching device is hand-push type cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch or foot-operated cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch; The pitch-row of described circular hole is 55cm, and Circularhole diameter 4.8cm can hold cigarette shoot root section matrix, guarantees that the cigarette seedling can put into circular hole; The circular hole degree of depth is cigarette shoot root section matrix height and cigarette seedling stem height sum.
In above-mentioned (3) step, described healthy and strong cigarette seedling refers to the cigarette seedling of being cultivated according to GB/T 25241 " tobacco intensive seedling production technical regulation ".
In above-mentioned (4) step, the amount of described normal root water is 200mL ± 10 mL; The described seed manure of carrying is compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco, and the ratio that its amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: 5% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied, and the concentration after carrying seed manure and being watered is 2.5g/100mL; Described insecticide is the gamma cyhalothrin insecticides.
Above-mentioned the (5) in step, described topdressing as compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco, and the ratio that its amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: 10% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied; The concentration of topdressing after being watered is 5.0g/100mL.
The inventor points out: the fertilizing amount that the total fertilizing amount in above-mentioned steps is recommended according to local tobacco company is determined.The inventor also points out: the structure of hand-push type cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch has been documented in No. 201320404129.X, and it consists of mud storage tube, handle, piston head, piston rod and handle; Handle is two, is separately fixed at mud storage tube top, and left-right symmetry is beneficial to two and holds and operated; There is lid the mud storage tube upper end, and aperture is arranged in lid, and lower end is open; Piston rod and piston head Joint, be linked to be integral body, form a set of piston; Piston head is contained in mud storage tube, and the piston rod upper end is fixedly connected with handle, and lower end penetrates the aperture in the mud storage tube lid, drives piston head and promotes up and down in mud storage tube.The structure of foot-operated cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch has been documented among No. 201320404236.2 patent applications, and it consists of mud storage tube and piston, handle and pedal; Wherein, handle is welded on the mud storage tube top, is beneficial to hold to be operated; There is lid the mud storage tube upper end, and aperture is arranged in lid, and lower end is open; Piston is comprised of piston rod and piston head, and piston head is in mud storage tube, and piston-rod lower end is fixed on piston head, and aperture and pedal that the upper end of piston rod covers through mud storage tube are affixed, and when foot-operated, piston rod drive piston head moves up and down in mud storage tube.
This method has made up the deficiency of conventional smoke transplantation of seedlings mode, has the following advantages: it is little 1. to transplant Circularhole diameter, to the ridge body, destroys less; Earth while 2. punching in circular hole does not compress real effect to soil in hole outside being portalled by band; 3. can reduce transplanting, the link of the topdressing amount of labour used, thereby improve cigarette transplantation of seedlings efficiency; 4. circular hole provides a good environment for tobacco seedling growth, thereby promotes cigarette seedling early growth and quick tiller, improves the tobacco seedling growth regularity; 5. simple to operate, be easy to promote.The present invention is applicable to tobacco planting.
Embodiment
Embodiment: flue-cured tobacco outdoor cropping circular hole formula transplant step is as follows:
(1) 7-10 days before flue-cured tobacco transplanting, put kind of a cigarette ground in order, by row spacing 110cm open center line row replacement well-rotted farmyard manure at the bottom of ，Yan ridge, railway carriage or compartment or/and the fermentation cake fertilizer or/and composite fertilizer makes base manure, the ratio that the base manure amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied 85%, total phosphorus application amount 100%; Then ridging, ridge height 20～25cm, ridge bottom width 80～85cm, the full circular arc type that is of ridge body, the ridge face is flat and in small, broken bits;
(2) adopt foot-operated card punch to beat circular hole on the body of ridge, the pitch-row of circular hole is 55cm, and Circularhole diameter 4.8cm is slightly larger than cigarette shoot root section matrix diameter, can hold cigarette shoot root section matrix, guarantees that the cigarette seedling can put into circular hole; The circular hole degree of depth is cigarette shoot root section matrix height and cigarette seedling stem height sum;
(3) healthy and strong cigarette shoot root section floating seedlings mode or tray seedling growth mode cultivated according to GB/T 25241 " tobacco intensive seedling production technical regulation " vertically puts into circular hole down, and cigarette seedling lobus cardiacus flushes with aperture, and other blades stretch out aperture;
(4), after the cigarette transplantation of seedlings enters circular hole, along the every hole of hole wall, drench into normal root water 200mL ± 10 mL; Dissolve in and carry seed manure in normal root water; The described seed manure of carrying is compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco, and the ratio that its amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: 5% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied, and the concentration after carrying seed manure and being watered is 2.5g/100mL; Transplant and sprayed gamma cyhalothrin insecticides control soil insect the same day.
(5) transplant and looked into seedling after 3～5 days and fill the gaps with seedlings, after 10 days, all the other being topdressed to be watered to drench applies in circular hole, described topdressing as compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco, and the ratio that its amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: 10% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied; The concentration of topdressing after being watered is 5.0g/100mL; Fill up circular hole in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage with soil after 15 days, upper railway carriage or compartment to the ridge height of earthing up afterwards in 35 days reaches 30cm.Then carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bud picking of pinching in time, ripe rear picking and roasting in time.
The fertilizing amount that total fertilizing amount in above-mentioned steps is recommended according to local tobacco company is determined.
Claims (6)
1. a flue-cured tobacco outdoor cropping circular hole formula transplanting method, its feature comprises the following steps:
(1) before flue-cured tobacco transplanting 7～10 days, put kind of a cigarette ground in order, open center line bar basal dressing at the bottom of ，Yan ridge, railway carriage or compartment, ridging then, the full circular arc type that is of ridge body, the ridge face is flat and in small, broken bits;
(2) adopt card punch to beat circular hole on the body of ridge;
(3) floating seedlings mode or tray seedling growth mode are educated to healthy and strong cigarette shoot root section and vertically put into circular hole down, cigarette seedling lobus cardiacus flushes with aperture, and other blades stretch out aperture;
(4) after the cigarette transplantation of seedlings enters circular hole, along the every hole of hole wall, drench into normal root water, in normal root water, dissolve in and carry seed manure;
Sprayed the insecticide control soil insect same day in transplanting;
(5) transplant and looked into seedling after 3～5 days and fill the gaps with seedlings, after 10 days, all the other being topdressed to be watered to drench applies in circular hole, after 15 days, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, with soil, fills up circular hole, 35 days afterwards upper railway carriage or compartment to the ridge of ridging height reach 30cm;
Then carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bud picking of pinching in time, ripe rear picking and roasting in time.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (1) step, describedly opens that railway carriage or compartment undertaken by row spacing 110cm; Described base manure be well-rotted farmyard manure or/and the fermentation cake fertilizer or/and composite fertilizer, the ratio that the base manure amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied 85%, total phosphorus application amount 100%; Described ridge height 20～25cm, ridge bottom width 80～85cm.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (2) step, and described special-purpose punching device is hand-push type cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch or foot-operated cigarette transplantation of seedlings card punch; The pitch-row of described circular hole is 55cm, and Circularhole diameter 4.8cm can hold cigarette shoot root section matrix, guarantees that the cigarette seedling can put into circular hole; The circular hole degree of depth is cigarette shoot root section matrix height and cigarette seedling stem height sum.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (3) step, and described healthy and strong cigarette seedling refers to the cigarette seedling of cultivating according to GB/T 25241 " tobacco intensive seedling production technical regulation ".
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (4) step, and in (4) step, the amount of described normal root water is 200mL ± 10 mL; The described seed manure of carrying is compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco, and the ratio that its amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: 5% of total amount of nitrogen and amount of potassium applied, and the concentration after carrying seed manure and being watered is 2.5g/100mL; Described insecticide is the gamma cyhalothrin insecticides.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that the (5) in step, described topdressing as compound the topdressing of the special-purpose nitrogen potassium of tobacco, and the ratio that its amount of application accounts for total fertilizing amount is: always execute the nitrogen quality and execute 10% of potassium quality; The concentration of topdressing after being watered is 5.0g/100mL.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103444399A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-18 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司巫山分公司 | Tobacco cultivating method |
| CN103782788A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-14 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Double-row concave type combined ridge tobacco transplant method |
| CN104956891A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Under-film well cellar type seedling transplant method of cured tobacco |
| CN104996156A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-10-28 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco deep-planting method adopting small holes formed in shallow pits and pit digging and hole punching integrated tool |
| CN106804341A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-09 | 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco transplanting tobacco seedling growth cup cover and its application method |
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| CN103782788A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-14 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Double-row concave type combined ridge tobacco transplant method |
| CN104956891A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Under-film well cellar type seedling transplant method of cured tobacco |
| CN104956891B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-11-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco film is gone into the well cellar for storing things formula young seedling transplanting method |
| CN104996156A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-10-28 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco deep-planting method adopting small holes formed in shallow pits and pit digging and hole punching integrated tool |
| CN104996156B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2018-07-06 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | The shallow nest of flue-cured tobacco covers small hole depth cultivating method and draws nest punching integrated tool |
| CN106804341A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-09 | 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco transplanting tobacco seedling growth cup cover and its application method |
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| CN103416205B (en) | 2015-07-29 |
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