CN103404345B - A kind of method that cauliflower production of hybrid seeds is survived the winter - Google Patents
A kind of method that cauliflower production of hybrid seeds is survived the winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404345B CN103404345B CN201310346548.7A CN201310346548A CN103404345B CN 103404345 B CN103404345 B CN 103404345B CN 201310346548 A CN201310346548 A CN 201310346548A CN 103404345 B CN103404345 B CN 103404345B
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- cauliflower
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The present invention relates to the producing method for seed of a Plants, particularly relate to the producing method for seed of surviving the winter of a Plants, belong to field of plant variety breeding technology.The present invention by improving kind of a strain environmental temperature, to allow in kind of strain in the winter time safely bolting, bloom, set seeds, make cauliflower can safe overwintering in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, and bolting, bloom, setting seeds becomes a reality, and has important practical significance.The cauliflower plant safe overwintering survival rate 98-100% obtained by the present invention, the normal bolting rate of blossoming and having seeds of plant reaches 95-99%; Survival rate of plant compared to field open field soil is 5-10%, and the bolting rate of blossoming and having seeds is 2-5%, and difference is extremely remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the producing method for seed of a Plants, particularly relate to the producing method for seed of surviving the winter of a Plants, belong to field of plant variety breeding technology.
Background technology
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var.botrytis L.) has another name called cauliflower, cauliflower, is a mutation that can form bouquet in Cruciferae Brassica genus brassica specie, genus one, biennial herb plant.Bouquet is creamy white more.Cauliflower is the vegetables that people like, the tender succulence of its bouquet, good looking appearance, and quality is fine and close, and local flavor is delicious, nutritious, increasing in China's area under cultivation in recent years, one of vegetables crop becoming China gradually.The weather of cauliflower happiness warm and moist, bouquet growth thermophilic is 17 ~ 18 DEG C, temperature lower than 8 DEG C, then bouquet poor growth, and lower than 0 DEG C, then can freeze to death plant.Cauliflower belongs to green body vernalization type vegetables, and plant is larger more responsive to low temperature, shorter to the duration requirement of low temperature.Generally under the condition of 5 ~ 20 DEG C, all can break up flower_bud formation bouquet, 10 ~ 15 DEG C more suitable.In In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, different rice varieties cauliflower generally can start nursery in June ~ August, and July ~ field planting in September, September ~ November gathers.During the production of hybrid seeds, can suitably Postpone sowing phase and setting date, be down to when about 5 DEG C at natural temperature, Standard Selection elite plant in strict accordance with kind is reserved seed for planting, and only has and is transplanted in greenhouse by selected kind strain, maintain the temperature at more than 0 DEG C, could grow normally, do not freezed to death.The effect that existing method resists cold in winter is poor, can only ensure that plant is not freezed to death, cannot maintain plant safe overwintering, even blossom and have seeds.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect existed for prior art, the method that a kind of cauliflower production of hybrid seeds of proposition is survived the winter, ensure plant safe overwintering, the production of hybrid seeds of blooming.
The present invention is technical solution problem by the following technical programs: a kind of method that cauliflower production of hybrid seeds is survived the winter, and comprises the following steps:
Step one, selection fertile soil, the plot that physical features is good build booth, in booth, build shed;
Step 2, lay ground hot line in the subsurface 25-30cm depths of shed, 0.9-1.1m place, shed top laying air heating wire and incandescent lamp, shed outer cover polyethylene dripless film;
Step 3, in described shed, do furrow, described in furrow row spacing, ground hot line height 30-40cm, wide 40-50cm, furrow spacing 40-50cm, use composite fertilizer 30-35kg for every mu wholely;
Step 4, in mid or late November, when minimum temperature drops to 5 DEG C ± 2 DEG C, by the cauliflower plantlet of transplant of growth in land for growing field crops in Small plastic shed;
Step 5, cauliflower plant after transplanting and surrounding soil mass percentage concentration be 75% ~ 80% tpn liquid carry out disinfection;
Step 6, when open country temperature drops to below 0 DEG C, in shed, land used hot line and air heating wire heat, and maintenance minimum temperature is 8-10 DEG C, and maximum temperature is 15-20 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is greater than 800lx;
Step 7, before cauliflower is bloomed, adopt gauze bag to carry out whole strain bagging, when blooming, take the mode of artificial pollination or spontaneous pollination to carry out the production of hybrid seeds;
Step 8, at cauliflower Later growth, when natural temperature is more than 20 DEG C, closes heater wire power supply, remove shed plastic film, and open plastic tunnel and carry out aeration-cooling.Because in the plant strain growth later stage, the time, environmental temperature was higher generally in March, and temperature of shed is also very high, now needed the measure implemented cooling, ventilate, to prevent because the too high and hot dead plant of temperature.
In the described step one of said method, shed height 1.3-1.5m, comprise levels, upper strata is at least two stainless steel bow members, and described bow member top is provided with spreader, connect with bamboo wood between described bow member, lower floor is the column supporting described bow member, and described column and spreader are bamboo wood, column height 0.9-1.1m, shed is covered with polyethylene dripless film, real by soil pressure below polyethylene dripless film.
In described step 2, the distance between centers of tracks of ground hot line and air heating wire is 6-10cm, is parallel to each other.The power of described fluorescent lamp is 500 watts, is erected on spreader, the spacing 1.0-1.5m of lamp.
In described step 4, when cauliflower is from field transplanting, remove 70-80% siphonal lobe, delete the main bouquet of 60-80%, retain 3-4 bouquet side shoot, field planting spacing in the rows 50-70cm.
In described step 5, tpn liquid is 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid.Plant not breed bacteria can be ensured completely, do not affect again its normal growth simultaneously and grow.
In described step 6, when encircleing temperature of shed more than 20 DEG C, the enclosing opening booth ventilates, and reduces below temperature to 20 DEG C.
Because the blossom and have seeds temperature of requirement of cauliflower is more a lot of than the height of safe overwintering, the problem of freeze injury is easily there is in the winter time under low temperature environment, improve environmental temperature with said method, keep appropriate light to shine, the effect super existing method far away of its heating, illumination, insulation, and space is comparatively large in hut, be conducive to that staff carries out watering, applies fertilizer, weeding, a series of activities such as preventing disease and pest and pollination hybridization.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by improving kind of a strain environmental temperature, to allow in kind of strain in the winter time safely bolting, bloom, set seeds, make cauliflower can safe overwintering in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, and bolting, bloom, setting seeds becomes a reality, and has important practical significance.The cauliflower plant safe overwintering survival rate 98-100% obtained by the present invention, the normal bolting rate of blossoming and having seeds of plant reaches 95-99%; Survival rate of plant compared to field open field soil is 5-10%, and the bolting rate of blossoming and having seeds is 2-5%, and difference is extremely remarkable.
Embodiment
Embodiment
The present embodiment to be survived the winter the production of hybrid seeds to cauliflower as follows:
Step one, the plot construction plastic tunnel selecting fertile soil, physical features good, booth is high 2 meters, wide 4 meters, and booth top covers monoblock polyethylene dripless film, and bottom is liftoff, and position, 0.9-1.0m place adopts polyethylene dripless film enclosing; Small plastic shed height 1.3-1.5m, lower pole and spreader are bamboo wood, and upper strata shed is stainless steel bow member, column height 0.9-1.1m, and connect with bamboo wood between bow member, cover with polyethylene dripless film, bottom is real by soil pressure, ensures airtight.
Step 2, lay ground hot line at the subsurface of Small plastic shed, air heating wire and incandescent lamp are laid in top, outer cover polyethylene dripless film.The ground hot line laid, the depth of burying is 25-30cm, and air heating wire is erected on spreader; Heating wire safety used is good, and line and distance between centers of tracks 6-10cm, have automatic circuit break function, is parallel to each other without intersecting; Incandescent lamp power 500 watts, be erected on the spreader at shed top, spacing 1.0-1.5m, opens during insufficient light in canopy.
Step 3, whole do furrow, use sufficient base fertilizer.Furrow row spacing ground hot line height 30-40cm, wide 40-50cm, furrow spacing 40-50cm, use commercially available composite fertilizer 30-35kg for every mu;
Step 4, in mid or late November, when minimum temperature drops to about 5 DEG C, by the cauliflower plantlet of transplant of growth in land for growing field crops in Small plastic shed, during transplanting, remove plant 70-80% siphonal lobe, delete the main bouquet of 60-80%, retain 3-4 bouquet side shoot, field planting spacing in the rows 50-70cm;
Step 5, the tpn liquid 800-1000 times of liquid (the tpn wetting powder as commercially available) adopting mass percentage concentration to be 75% ~ 80% carry out disinfection to cauliflower plant and surrounding soil, avoid plant to grow germ;
Minimum temperature set in step 6, Small plastic shed is 8-10 DEG C, maximum temperature is 15-20 DEG C, when natural temperature drops to below 0 DEG C, openly hot line and air heating wire switch heat, ensure proper temperature cauliflower growth in Small plastic shed, in canopy during insufficient light, open fluorescent lamp light filling, ensure that intensity of illumination is greater than 800lx;
Step 7, cauliflower adopt the whole strain bagging of gauze bag before blooming, take the mode of artificial pollination or spontaneous pollination to carry out the production of hybrid seeds when blooming;
Step 8, at cauliflower Later growth, when natural temperature is more than 20 DEG C, closes heater wire power supply, remove Small plastic shed plastic film, and suitably open plastic tunnel and carry out aeration-cooling; Comparative result
To survive the winter and the cauliflower of open field soil contrasts by embodiment with at booth, the data obtained in table 1, as shown in Table 1, the cauliflower plant safe overwintering survival rate 98% obtained by the method for the present embodiment, the normal bolting flowering rate of plant reaches 95%, and Setting percentage is 98%; And the survival rate of plant of field open field soil is 5%, bolting flowering rate is 2%, sets seeds 82%, significant difference.
Table 1
Except above-mentioned enforcement, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (7)
1. a cauliflower production of hybrid seeds method of surviving the winter, comprises the following steps:
Step one, select fertile soil, build booth without the plot of ponding, in booth, build shed;
Step 2, lay ground hot line in the subsurface 25-30cm depths of shed, 0.9-1.1m place, shed top laying air heating wire and incandescent lamp, shed outer cover polyethylene dripless film;
Step 3, in described shed, do furrow, described in furrow row spacing, ground hot line height 30-40cm, wide 40-50cm, furrow spacing 40-50cm, use composite fertilizer 30-35kg for every mu wholely;
Step 4, in mid or late November, when minimum temperature drops to 5 DEG C ± 2 DEG C, by the cauliflower plantlet of transplant of growth in land for growing field crops in shed;
Step 5, cauliflower plant after transplanting and surrounding soil mass percentage concentration be 75% ~ 80% tpn liquid carry out disinfection;
Step 6, when open country temperature drops to below 0 DEG C, in shed, land used hot line and air heating wire heat, and maintenance minimum temperature is 8-10 DEG C, and maximum temperature is 15-20 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is greater than 800lx;
Step 7, before cauliflower is bloomed, adopt gauze bag to carry out whole strain bagging, when blooming, take the mode of artificial pollination or spontaneous pollination to carry out the production of hybrid seeds;
Step 8, at cauliflower Later growth, when natural temperature is more than 20 DEG C, closes heater wire power supply, remove shed plastic film, and open plastic tunnel and carry out aeration-cooling.
2. the cauliflower production of hybrid seeds method of surviving the winter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step one, shed height 1.3-1.5m, comprises levels, upper strata is at least two stainless steel bow members, described bow member top is provided with spreader, and connect with bamboo wood between described bow member, lower floor is the column supporting described bow member, described column and spreader are bamboo wood, column height 0.9-1.1m, covers shed with polyethylene dripless film, real by soil pressure below polyethylene dripless film.
3. the cauliflower production of hybrid seeds method of surviving the winter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, the distance between centers of tracks of ground hot line and air heating wire is 6-10cm, is parallel to each other.
4. the cauliflower production of hybrid seeds method of surviving the winter according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the power of described incandescent lamp is 500 watts, is erected on spreader, the spacing 1.0-1.5m of lamp.
5. the cauliflower production of hybrid seeds method of surviving the winter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 4, when cauliflower is from field transplanting, removes 70-80% siphonal lobe, delete the main bouquet of 60-80%, retain 3-4 bouquet side shoot, field planting spacing in the rows 50-70cm.
6. the cauliflower production of hybrid seeds method of surviving the winter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, tpn liquid is 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid.
7. the cauliflower production of hybrid seeds method of surviving the winter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 6, when encircleing temperature of shed more than 20 DEG C, the enclosing opening booth ventilates, and reduces below temperature to 20 DEG C.
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| CN102823420A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2012-12-19 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for promoting precocity and high yield of broccolis |
| CN102972166A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2013-03-20 | 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 | Cultivation method for broccoli |
| CN103168606A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-06-26 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for cultivating broccoli in greenhouse at high yield and high efficiency |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102823420A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2012-12-19 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for promoting precocity and high yield of broccolis |
| CN102972166A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2013-03-20 | 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 | Cultivation method for broccoli |
| CN103168606A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-06-26 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for cultivating broccoli in greenhouse at high yield and high efficiency |
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| 国外引进越冬青花菜新品种及栽培要点;王迪轩;《北京农业》;20111130(第31期);第13-14页 * |
| 花椰菜冬春季栽培技术;蒋蕾等;《长江蔬菜》;20061231(第11期);第14-15页 * |
| 花椰菜日光温室杂交制种技术;陶玉祥等;《种子科技》;20111231(第9期);第33-35页 * |
| 高萝卜硫素青花菜福青1号制种技术;林俊城等;《中国种业》;20091231(第11期);第67页第1-4节 * |
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