CN1034039C - 大容量电动车用镍-氢化物蓄电池 - Google Patents

大容量电动车用镍-氢化物蓄电池 Download PDF

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CN1034039C
CN1034039C CN92112168A CN92112168A CN1034039C CN 1034039 C CN1034039 C CN 1034039C CN 92112168 A CN92112168 A CN 92112168A CN 92112168 A CN92112168 A CN 92112168A CN 1034039 C CN1034039 C CN 1034039C
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CN1086051A (zh
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张允什
陈有孝
宋德瑛
陈军
曹学军
汪根时
周作祥
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Senli High Tech Industry Co Nankai Univ
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Priority to US08/138,326 priority patent/US5434019A/en
Priority to JP5284282A priority patent/JPH07130363A/ja
Priority to CA002108708A priority patent/CA2108708A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于镍-氢化物碱蓄电池，在电池的正负电极极板中带有树根状集流网，解决了一般电极极板内阻过大、集流和散热等问题。用这种带有树根状集流网的电极极板装配成的大容量镍-氢化物蓄电池可以实际应用于电动汽车的起动和牵引，作为电动汽车的新能源。

Description

大容量电动车用镍-氢化物蓄电池
本发明涉及一种镍-氢化物碱蓄电池。
世界石油产量的60％都消耗在汽车上。随着石油危机的日趋严重，人们越益感到开发以新能源作为汽车动力的迫切性，其中以蓄电池作为汽车动力也是开发的主要方向之一。然而发展电动车辆的主要关键问题是电池可能提供多大的功率和比能量以及多长的使用寿命。镍-氢化物蓄电池具有很大的电容量，很高的重量比能量和很长的使用寿命，并且无污染，可以快速充放电。由于这些优点，用镍-氢化物蓄电池作为汽车起动和牵引的新型能源已经受到各国的广泛关注。
目前，镍-氢化物碱蓄电池所采用的储氢合金材料有稀土系、钛系、钙系、镁系及锆系等，其中特别是稀土系储氢合金电极已经在5号AA型电池中得到实际应用，电容量达到1280mAh，重量比能量达到58kg/wh。从理论上看，稀土系储氢合金材料也是用于大容量汽车起动及牵引蓄电池的优良的负极活性材料，然而由于在应用稀土系储氢合金作为电极材料时，必需将其振磨成300～500目的粉末，再涂于泡沫镍上制成电池负极极片。这种负极极片上的电流密度分布不均，远离极耳处电流密度很小，而靠近极耳处电流密度很大，在用于5号AA型电池时还不成问题，但对于大型蓄电池(一般指电容量＞20AH)耒说，在大电流放电时这种电极极片的内阻，特别是在极耳附近就显现过大，会大量放热，致使电极极片变形直至完全损坏，无法投入实用。经过文献检索至今也未发现有关上述问题的解决办法的文献报道。1992年4、5月份的《参考消息》报上简单报道了日本研制出电动车用大型高能量二次电池，但并没有提及该电池所采用的是何种电极材料，也没有介绍该电池的结构和性能。
本发明的目的是提出一种实用的大容量电动汽车起动及牵引型镍-氢化物蓄电池及其正负电极极板的制造方法。
本发明镍-氢化物蓄电池由带有集流网的稀土系储氢合金材料电池负极极板、带有集流网的氧化镍电池正极极板、电极隔膜、电池接线端柱、消气栓、外壳、电池盖和密封胶圈装配而成(见图1)。集流网是由导电性能良好，容易镀镍的金属材质(如镍、铜、铝)构成。集流网的开关为树根状，其大小由不同容量蓄电池的电极极片大小而定，厚度则受电极极片厚度限制，一般为0.5～1.5mm，太薄容易断裂。
带有树根状集流网的电极是这样制作的：取与电池电极大小相适应、厚度为0.5～1.5mm的镍片、或铜片、或铝片用冲床冲压成树根状集流网(见图2)，再进行电镀增厚，电镀时由于电流密度不同，电镀后的增重是不均匀的，故电镀后的集流网更酷似树根状(见图3)。将制得的树根状集流网放置在两片厚度各为蓄电池电极极板厚度一半的泡沫塑料中间进行化学镀镍，镀好后将泡沫塑料烧掉就形成带有树根状集流网的整体的泡沫镍板电极基体。集流网的顶端为极耳，露于极板之外，在装配时作为蓄电池的电极端。最后将稀土系储氢合金粉末按已有工艺涂于带有树根状集流网的泡沫镍板上制成蓄电池的负极极板。将氧化镍按已有工艺涂于带有树根状集流网的泡沫镍板上制成蓄电池正极极板。
本发明是模仿树根能吸取土壤深处各地方的水分而汇集于树干的结构机能，在电极极板中加入树根状集流网，其细枝部分可以从电极极板边角处收集电流，向相当于大树主干的极耳处汇集。由于极耳处导体截面积加粗，电阻很小，不会发热变形，这就理想地解决了大容量镍-氢化物蓄电池电极极板的内阻过大，集流和散热等问题。因此，本发明带有树根状集流网的稀土系储氢合金材料泡沫镍板电极装配的大容量镍-氢化物蓄电池完全可以作为实用的电动汽车的起动和牵引的新能源。
附图的图面说明如下：
图1.是本发明蓄电池整体结构透视图
图2.是初压成型未经电镀处理的树根状集流网平面示意图
图3.是经电镀处理后的树根状集流网平面示意图
实施例1
在图1所示的大容量镍-氢化物蓄电池结构图中，1为电池负极极板，2为电池正极极板，3为电极隔膜，4为负极群组端柱，5为正极群组端柱，6为消气栓，7为电池外壳体，8为电池盖，9为密封胶圈。
实施例2
取长120mm、宽100mm、厚0.8mm的镍片用冲床冲压成树根状集流网(见图2)，然后将其电镀增厚，电镀后的集流网更似树根状(见图3)。图2和图3中10为极耳，11为树根状网。将上述方法制得的集流网放置在两片长100mm、宽100m、厚5mm的泡沫塑料中间，采用化学镀的方法在泡沫塑料上镀镍，镀好后将泡沫塑料烧掉即形成带有树根状集流网的泡沫镍电极极板基体。取360g电化学容量为300mAh/g的稀土储氢合金粉末与9倍的2％的PVA混合后涂抹在上述电极极板基体上，用1吨/cm2的压力压制成蓄电池的负极极板。将氧化镍按常规方法处理后涂于上述电极极板基体上制成蓄电池的正极极板。用上述正极极板(过量150％)和负极极板组装成镍-氢化物蓄电池。下表列出本发明带有集流网的镍-氢化物蓄电池与不带集流网的一般镍-氢化物蓄电池的对比数据
    电池类型数据名称     带集流网的镍-氢化物蓄电池      不带集流网的镍-氢化物蓄电池
    放电倍率     0.2C    1C    3C     0.2C    1C    3C
    容量100AH     106     96    80(AH)     64      42    -
    活性物质利用率     88.3％  80％  68.6％     53％    35％  -

Claims (6)

1.一种大容量镍-氢化物蓄电池，其特征在于电池的正负电极极板中都带有树根状集流网。
2.根据权利要求1所说的大容量镍-氢化物蓄电池，其特征在于带有树根状集流网的电极极板是由导电性良好，容易镀镍的金属制成。
3.根据权利要求2所说的大容量镍-氢化物蓄电池，其特征在于带有树根状集流网的电极极板是由镍、或铜、或铝制成。
4.根据权利要求1所说的大容量镍-氢化物蓄电池，其特征在于带有树根状集流网的电极极板的厚度为0.5～1.5mm，其大小由不同容量蓄电池的电极极片大小而定。
5.根据权利要求1所说的大容量镍-氢化物蓄电池，其特征在于带有树根状集流网的电极极板的顶端为极耳，下部为树根状网。
6.一种制造权利要求1所说镍-氢化物蓄电池的电极极板的方法，其特征在于先取与电池电极极板大小相适应，厚度为0.5～1.5mm的导电性能良好，容易镀镍的金属片，用冲床冲压成树根状，再进行电镀增厚，制得树根状集流网，将上述制得的集流网放置在两片厚度为蓄电池电极极板厚度一半的泡沫塑料中间(极耳部分露在外面)进行化学镀镍，镀好后将泡沫塑料烧掉，制得带有树根状集流网的整体的泡沫镍板电极基体，将稀土储氢合金粉末与9倍的2％的PVA混合后涂在上述泡沫镍板上，用1吨/厘米2压力压成电池的负极极板，将氧化镍按常规方法处理后涂于上述泡沫镍板上制成蓄电池正极极板。
CN92112168A 1992-10-19 1992-10-19 大容量电动车用镍-氢化物蓄电池 Expired - Fee Related CN1034039C (zh)

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CN92112168A CN1034039C (zh) 1992-10-19 1992-10-19 大容量电动车用镍-氢化物蓄电池
EP93630081A EP0595757A1 (en) 1992-10-19 1993-10-18 A nickel-hydride battery used in battery-operated vehicles
US08/138,326 US5434019A (en) 1992-10-19 1993-10-18 Nickel-hydride battery used for battery-operated vehicles
JP5284282A JPH07130363A (ja) 1992-10-19 1993-10-19 バッテリ駆動自動車用ニッケル水素化物電池
CA002108708A CA2108708A1 (en) 1992-10-19 1993-10-19 Nickel-hydride battery used for battery-operated vehicles

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CN92112168A CN1034039C (zh) 1992-10-19 1992-10-19 大容量电动车用镍-氢化物蓄电池

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CN1086051A (zh) 1994-04-27
US5434019A (en) 1995-07-18
CA2108708A1 (en) 1994-04-20
JPH07130363A (ja) 1995-05-19

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