CN103398165A - Self-circulation lubricating method and device for vertical type speed reducer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a lubricating method and device for a vertical type speed reducer. According to the lubricating method, a lower bearing is immersed in lubricating oil; when the speed reducer rotates, the rotary power of a transmission shaft which connects an upper bearing with the lower bearing is used for pumping the lubricating oil at the bottom of a box body to the position above the upper bearing so that the upper bearing of the vertical type speed reducer and all moving parts can be lubricated. According to the lubricating method and device for the vertical type speed reducer, a central through hole and an outer circle through hole of the transmission shaft of the vertical type speed reducer are used as an oil inlet / outlet channel and an oil inlet / outlet for the lubricating oil respectively; under the condition that a power source is not additionally arranged, the rotary power of the transmission shaft of the vertical type speed reducer is used for pumping the lubricating oil inside the box body to the upper end of the vertical type speed reducer through a spiral groove formed in the transmission shaft so that the upper bearing of the vertical type speed reducer and all the moving parts can be lubricated. According to the lubricating method, power loss caused by full-load lubrication of the vertical type speed reducer is avoided, an outer circulation lubricating system is removed, the structure of the vertical type speed reducer is simplified, the amount of the lubricating oil injected into the vertical type speed reducer is lowered, the weight and size of the vertical type speed reducer are reduced, and the manufacturing cost and using cost of the vertical type speed reducer are lowered.

Description

A self-circulating lubrication method and device for a vertical reducer

technical field

The invention relates to a self-circulating lubrication method and device for a vertical reducer, belonging to the technical field of reducer lubrication.

Background technique

The lubrication of the upper bearing and each moving part of the existing vertical reducer usually adopts a full-oil type oil bath lubrication or an external circulation lubrication method. The so-called oil-filled oil bath lubrication is to fill the gearbox with lubricating oil to realize the lubrication of the upper bearing of the reducer and various moving parts. The disadvantages of this lubrication method are: since all the reduction gears and moving parts are soaked in the lubricating fluid, the rotation resistance of the gears is increased, and the power loss of the reducer is large; the filling amount of lubricating oil is large, the cost is high, and the deceleration The weight of the device is large. Another external circulation lubrication method is to add a set of circulating lubrication system outside the reducer, and complete the lubrication of the upper bearing and moving parts of the vertical reducer through the external circulating lubrication system of the reducer. The disadvantage of this lubrication method is : The cost is high, the volume is large, and the structure is complex.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a self-circulating lubrication method and device for a vertical reducer. The structure of the lubrication system can be simplified, and the volume and weight of the reducer can be reduced; the amount of lubricating oil in the reducer is less, and the power loss of the reducer can be reduced at the same time. To overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.

Technical scheme of the present invention:

A self-circulating lubrication method of a vertical reducer. In this method, the lower bearing is soaked in lubricating oil. When the reducer rotates, the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box is pumped to the upper bearing through the rotational power of the transmission shaft connecting the upper and lower bearings. Above, in order to achieve the lubrication of the bearings and moving parts on the vertical reducer.

In the aforementioned method, the shaft center of the transmission shaft is provided with a main oil passage, and the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box is pumped to the top of the upper bearing through the main oil passage in the transmission shaft.

In the aforementioned method, the transmission shaft is provided with a transmission gear, and the outer circle of the transmission shaft below the transmission gear is provided with an oil storage ring groove, and the oil storage ring groove communicates with the main oil passage; There is at least one spiral groove, and the spiral groove communicates with the oil storage ring groove; the spiral groove is covered with a casing, and the pipe wall at the bottom of the casing is provided with an oil inlet hole; when the transmission shaft rotates, the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box passes through the oil inlet The hole enters the helical groove and the lubricating oil is pumped into the upper bearing through the helical groove, the oil storage ring groove and the main oil passage through the rotation of the transmission shaft.

In the aforementioned method, a bearing cover is provided above the upper bearing, and an oil outlet is provided on the transmission shaft between the bearing cover and the upper bearing; the lubricating oil from the main oil passage flows into the gap between the bearing cover and the upper bearing through the oil outlet. cavity in between.

In the aforementioned method, a through hole is provided at the lower part of the side wall of the bearing cover at the upper bearing, and the through hole communicates with the oil drain hole on the inner wall of the box; the lubricating oil flowing out from the oil drain hole lubricates the transmission gear.

The device formed according to the aforementioned method includes a box body, an upper bearing and a lower bearing are arranged in the box body, the upper bearing and the lower bearing are connected through a transmission shaft, and a transmission gear is arranged on the transmission shaft between the upper and lower bearings; There is a main oil passage, and the outer circle of the transmission shaft at the bottom of the main oil passage is provided with an oil storage ring groove connected to the main oil passage. At least one spiral groove is provided on the outer circle of the transmission shaft at the lower part of the oil storage ring groove. The oil ring grooves communicate with each other; the spiral groove is covered with a casing, and the bottom of the casing is provided with an oil inlet hole; the transmission shaft above the upper bearing is provided with an oil outlet hole connected with the main oil passage.

In the aforementioned device, bearing caps are provided on the casings at the upper and lower bearings.

In the aforementioned device, the upper side wall of the bearing cover of the upper bearing is provided with a through hole, and the through hole communicates with the oil drain hole on the inner wall of the box.

In the aforementioned device, the bottom of the sleeve above the lower bearing is provided with a lubricating hole for the lower bearing.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses the central through hole and the through hole of the outer circle of the transmission shaft of the vertical reducer as the oil inlet and outlet passages and the oil inlet and outlet ports of the vertical reducer, and passes through the spiral groove on the transmission shaft. When the power source is increased, the lubricating oil in the box is pumped to the upper end of the reducer by using the rotational power of the drive shaft of the reducer to lubricate the upper bearing of the reducer and various moving parts. This method avoids the power loss caused by the full oil lubrication of the vertical reducer, removes the external circulation lubrication system, the structure of the reducer becomes simple, reduces the filling amount of lubricating oil in the reducer, reduces the weight and volume, and reduces the Reduced the manufacturing and use costs of the reducer.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

The marks in the drawings are: 1-casing, 2-upper bearing, 3-lower bearing, 4-transmission shaft, 5-transmission gear, 6-main oil passage, 7-oil storage ring groove, 8-spiral groove, 9-sleeve, 10-oil inlet hole, 11-oil outlet hole, 12-bearing cover, 13-through hole, 14-oil drain hole, 15-lower bearing lubrication hole.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but not as any limitation to the present invention.

A self-circulating lubrication method for a vertical reducer, as shown in Figure 1. In this method, the lower bearing 3 is soaked in lubricating oil. When the reducer rotates, the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box body 1 is pumped to the top of the upper bearing 2 through the rotational power of the transmission shaft 4 connecting the upper and lower bearings to realize a vertical reducer. Lubrication of the upper bearing 2 and the moving parts. The shaft center of the transmission shaft 4 is provided with a main oil passage 6, and the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box is pumped to the top of the upper bearing 2 through the main oil passage 6 in the transmission shaft 4 . The transmission shaft 4 is provided with a transmission gear 5, and the outer circle of the transmission shaft 4 below the transmission gear 5 is provided with an oil storage ring groove 7, and the oil storage ring groove 7 communicates with the main oil passage 6; the transmission at the bottom of the oil storage ring groove 7 At least one helical groove 8 is provided on the outer circle of the shaft 4, and the helical groove 8 communicates with the oil storage ring groove 7; When the shaft 4 rotates, the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box body 1 enters the spiral groove 8 through the oil inlet hole 10. Through the rotation of the transmission shaft 4, the lubricating oil is pumped into the top of the upper bearing 2 through the spiral groove 8, the oil storage ring groove 7 and the main oil passage 6. . A bearing cover 12 is provided above the upper bearing 2, and an oil outlet 11 is provided on the transmission shaft 4 between the bearing cover 12 and the upper bearing 2; the lubricating oil from the main oil passage 6 flows into the bearing cover through the oil outlet 11 12 and the cavity between the upper bearing 2. The lower part of the bearing cap side wall at the upper bearing 2 is provided with a through hole 13, which communicates with the oil drain hole 14 on the inner wall of the casing 1; the lubricating oil flowing out from the oil drain hole 14 lubricates the transmission gear 5.

The device constructed according to the foregoing method is shown in FIG. 1 . Including a box body 1, an upper bearing 2 and a lower bearing 3 are arranged in the box body 1, and the upper bearing 2 and the lower bearing 3 are connected through a transmission shaft 4, and a transmission gear 5 is arranged on the transmission shaft 4 between the upper and lower bearings; the transmission The shaft 4 is provided with a main oil passage 6, the outer circle of the transmission shaft 4 at the bottom of the main oil passage 6 is provided with an oil storage ring groove 7 communicating with the main oil passage 6, and the outer circle of the transmission shaft 4 at the bottom of the oil storage ring groove 7 is provided with a There is at least one spiral groove 8, and the spiral groove 8 communicates with the oil storage ring groove 7; the spiral groove 8 is covered with a casing 9, and an oil inlet hole 10 is provided on the pipe wall at the bottom of the casing 9; the transmission shaft 4 above the upper bearing 5 An oil outlet hole 11 communicating with the main oil passage 6 is provided on the top. A bearing cover 12 is provided on the casing 1 at the upper bearing 2 and the lower bearing 3 . The upper side wall of the bearing cover of the upper bearing 5 is provided with a through hole 13 , and the through hole 13 communicates with the oil drain hole 14 on the inner wall of the casing 1 . The bottom of the casing 9 above the lower bearing 3 is provided with a lower bearing lubricating hole 15 .

Working process and principle of the present invention

As shown in Figure 1, when the present invention is working, the transmission shaft 4 of the vertical reducer is driven by the motor or other power equipment to rotate, and the bottom of the reducer's casing is equipped with lubricating oil, which floods the casing above the lower bearing 3 The lower bearing lubricating hole 15 and the oil inlet hole 10 on the 9. The lubricating oil lubricates the lower bearing 3 through the lower bearing lubricating hole 15 . When the transmission shaft 4 rotates, lubricating oil enters the helical groove 8 on the transmission shaft 4 in the casing 9 through the oil inlet hole 10, and the transmission shaft 4 passes the lubricating oil entering the helical groove 8 through the oil storage ring groove 7, the main The oil passage 6 and the oil outlet hole 11 are pumped into the cavity between the upper bearing 2 and the bearing cap 12, and the lubricating oil in the cavity lubricates the upper bearing 2. Simultaneously, the lubricating oil in the cavity flows into the transmission gear 5 through the through hole 13 and the oil drain hole 14 to lubricate the transmission gear 5 . The lubricating oil after the transmission gear 5 is lubricated returns to the casing bottom of the speed reducer again.

When the present invention is implemented, it is as shown in Figure 1. A plurality of spiral grooves 8 and an annular oil storage ring groove 7 are processed on the outer circle of the lower end of the transmission shaft 4. The oil storage ring groove 7 communicates with each spiral groove 8. The oil passage 6 communicates, and an oil outlet hole 11 radially passing through the transmission shaft 4 is designed on the upper end of the transmission shaft 4. When the main oil passage 6 is processed, the top of the transmission shaft 4 is drilled, and then the main oil passage is screwed and sealed with screws and gaskets. The processing orifice of the oil passage 6 is blocked; the casing 9 is set outside the spiral groove 8 and the oil storage ring groove 7 on the transmission shaft 4, and the casing 9 is fixed on the lower box by screws, and the inner hole of the casing 9 is connected with the The outer circle where the spiral groove 8 on the transmission shaft 4 is located fits, and the fit clearance is 0.01-0.015mm; on the upper part of the vertical reducer, the bearing cover 12 is fixed on the upper box body by screws, and the upper bearing cover and the upper box body are matched outside. The hole on the circle communicates with the through hole 13 and the oil drain hole 14 on the upper casing.

When the transmission shaft 4 drives the transmission gear 5 to rotate, the lubricating oil in the reduction box enters the spiral groove 8 on the outer circle of the transmission shaft 4 through the oil inlet on the casing 9. Under the action of centrifugal force, the oil in the spiral groove 8 The lubricating oil continuously enters into the oil storage ring groove 7 connected with it. Under the action of pressure, the lubricating oil enters the space between the upper bearing 2 and the bearing cover 12 through the main oil passage 6 and the oil outlet hole 11 on the transmission shaft 4. cavity. Part of the lubricating oil in the cavity lubricates the upper bearing 2 on the upper part of the vertical reducer, and a part passes through the through hole 13 on the bearing cover 12 and the oil drain hole 14 on the box body 1 to lubricate the moving parts in the transmission gear 5. Then flow back to the oil pool at the bottom of the reduction box to realize circulating lubrication.

In the present invention, the rotation direction of the spiral groove on the outer circle of the transmission shaft 4 is designed and processed according to the rotation direction of the transmission shaft 4, which is divided into two situations: one is that the transmission shaft 4 rotates in one direction; Anti-alternate rotation. When the transmission shaft 4 rotates in one direction, the direction of rotation is clockwise, and the spiral groove 8 is processed into right-handed; the direction of rotation is counterclockwise, and the spiral groove 8 is processed into left-handed; It can be processed into left-handed or right-handed. If the transmission shaft 4 rotates forward and reverse alternately, one of the rotation directions is the oil pumping direction, while the other rotation direction transmission shaft 4 does not perform the oil pumping work. At this time, in the cavity between the upper bearing 2 and the bearing cover 12 The stored lubricating oil can continuously lubricate the moving parts in the upper bearing 2 and the transmission gear 5. When the transmission shaft 4 rotates in reverse, the lubricating oil in the cavity is replenished, so that the vertical reducer upper bearing 2 and the The transmission gear 5 can achieve the purpose of automatic circulation lubrication when the transmission shaft 4 rotates in one direction and forward and reverse alternately.

Claims (9)

1. A self-circulating lubrication method for a vertical reducer, characterized in that the lower bearing in the method is soaked in lubricating oil, when the reducer rotates, the box body is driven by the rotating power of the transmission shaft connecting the upper and lower bearings The lubricating oil pump at the bottom is above the upper bearing to realize the lubrication of the upper bearing and all moving parts of the vertical reducer. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the axis of the transmission shaft is provided with a main oil passage, and the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box is pumped to the top of the upper bearing through the main oil passage in the transmission shaft. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission shaft is provided with a transmission gear, the outer circle of the transmission shaft below the transmission gear is provided with an oil storage ring groove, and the oil storage ring groove communicates with the main oil passage; There is at least one spiral groove on the outer circle of the transmission shaft at the lower part of the oil ring groove, and the spiral groove communicates with the oil storage ring groove; the spiral groove is covered with a sleeve, and the pipe wall at the bottom of the sleeve is provided with an oil inlet hole; when the transmission shaft rotates When the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box enters the spiral groove through the oil inlet hole, through the rotation of the transmission shaft, the lubricating oil is pumped into the upper bearing through the spiral groove, the oil storage ring groove and the main oil passage. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: a bearing cover is provided above the upper bearing, and an oil outlet hole is provided on the transmission shaft between the bearing cover and the upper bearing; the lubricating oil from the main oil passage passes through The oil outlet hole flows into the cavity between the bearing cover and the upper bearing. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower part of the side wall of the bearing cover at the upper bearing is provided with a through hole, and the through hole communicates with the oil drain hole on the inner wall of the box; the lubricating oil flowing out from the oil drain hole The oil lubricates the transmission gears. 6. A device constructed according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a box body (1), an upper bearing (2) and a lower bearing (3) are arranged inside the box body (1), and the upper bearing (2) and the lower bearing (3) are connected through the transmission shaft (4), and the transmission shaft (4) between the upper and lower bearings is provided with a transmission gear (5); the characteristic is that: the transmission shaft (4) is equipped with The main oil passage (6), the outer circle of the drive shaft (4) at the bottom of the main oil passage (6) is provided with an oil storage ring groove (7) communicating with the main oil passage (6), and the lower part of the oil storage ring groove (7) At least one spiral groove (8) is provided on the outer circle of the transmission shaft (4), and the spiral groove (8) communicates with the oil storage ring groove (7); the spiral groove (8) is covered with a sleeve (9), and the sleeve (9) ) is provided with an oil inlet hole (10) on the pipe wall at the bottom; an oil outlet hole (11) communicating with the main oil passage (6) is provided on the transmission shaft (4) above the upper bearing (5). 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: a bearing cover (12) is provided on the box (1) at the upper bearing (2) and the lower bearing (3). 8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the upper side wall of the bearing cover of the upper bearing (5) is provided with a through hole (13), and the through hole (13) is connected with the inner wall of the box body (1). The oil drain hole (14) communicates. 9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that a lower bearing lubricating hole (15) is provided at the bottom of the sleeve (9) above the lower bearing (3).

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