CN103388481B - 一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板及治理底鼓的方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板及治理底鼓的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103388481B CN103388481B CN201310336189.7A CN201310336189A CN103388481B CN 103388481 B CN103388481 B CN 103388481B CN 201310336189 A CN201310336189 A CN 201310336189A CN 103388481 B CN103388481 B CN 103388481B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板，包括至少两个预制板块，所述的预制板块包括混凝土本体和弧形钢架，弧形钢架设置于混凝土本体内，混凝土本体上表面镶嵌有轨道；一种治理底鼓的方法，A．在巷道底板上挖掘反底拱；B．在挖掘好的反底拱上开设爆破孔后，装填炸药，进行药壶爆破；C．爆破后在反底拱上开设卸压槽；D．在反底拱上设置与反底拱相适应的弧形型材；E．通过锚杆将弧形型材压紧在巷道底板上；F．先将组合式预制板放置在弧形型材上，使锚杆的上端穿过组合式预制板，然后通过固底螺母使组合式预制板固定在弧形型材上。抑制底鼓时间长，施工时间短，当发生底鼓现象时，能快速地对巷道底鼓进行处理。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板及治理底鼓的方法，属于采矿巷道技术领域。背景技术
[0002] 在采矿巷道内，随着巷道的使用时间变长，很多巷道的底部由于岩层的挤压作用会出现底鼓现象，使巷道底部变得凹凸不平，妨碍了巷道中运输车辆的正常通行，影响了工作效率。现用于底鼓控制的方法主要有:(1)加固法，主要有底板注浆、底板锚杆、底板锚索束、封闭式支架、直接浇筑混凝土反底拱等；(2)卸压法，主要有切缝、打孔、松动爆、掘巷卸压等；
[0003] 加固法是控制底鼓最常用的一种方法，主要有底板注浆、底板锚杆、封闭式支架、 底板桁架、混凝土反拱等。其中，底板注浆、底板锚杆底板、底板锚索束等措施是通过提高底板围岩强度加固底板:(1)底板注浆，通过浆液渗透到岩层裂隙间，增加了破碎岩石的粘聚力，在底板中形成了一个强度比破碎岩层大的反拱，从而阻止了下部岩层向上鼓起；(2)底板锚杆，一方面，底板锚杆把浅部不稳定的岩层与下面稳定岩层联结在一起;另一方面，通过底板锚杆在巷道底板形成组合岩梁，抑制下部岩层因扩容引起的裂隙张开及新裂隙的产生，从而限制下部岩层向上鼓起；(3)底板锚索束，控制深部围岩，使底板岩层形成承载梁， 提高岩层的黏聚力和内摩擦。这些方法主要缺点:底板注浆、底板锚杆的实施主要通过锚杆钻机打设注浆孔和锚杆孔，钻孔难度大，残留的煤灰很难清理，耗时较长，3m深的孔洞往往需要四个小时才能打设，而且需要打设多个孔洞;底板锚索束根据现有施工条件打设锚索孔直径最小为600mm，耗时较长，造价高;对垂直应力引起的变形抑制程度较高。
[0004] 在加固法中，封闭式支架，底板桁架，混凝土反底拱是通过提高底板支护阻力的方式加固底板的。其中，封闭式支架:通过封闭式支架的底梁给底板岩层施加的反力提高支架的整体支护阻力，改变底板岩层附近的应力状况，在一定程度上抑制了底鼓。混凝土反拱: 提尚底板煤岩强度，形成受力承载圈，提尚承载能力；但是其缺点是:随着巷道服务时间的延续，当巷道发生底鼓必须处理时，需要将混凝土反底拱完全破碎掉，然后对底鼓部分进行清底，最后再重新铺设混凝反底拱，不仅施工时间长，而且成本很高，同时致使巷道内的运输中断。
[0005] 卸压法通过切缝等方法使原来连续的岩体处于不连续状态，将巷道周围的集中应力(尤其巷道底板)向巷道围岩深部转移，使底板岩体处于应力降低区，从而保持底板的稳定，卸压法主要有切缝、打孔、松动爆破、卸压煤柱等;这种方式只能保持比较短的一段时间巷道不发生底鼓现象，随着岩层的挤压运动，使应力降低区又回到原来的状态时，巷道底部就会发生底鼓，这时需要重新进行切缝、打孔、松动爆破、卸压煤柱等进行卸压。发明内容
[0006] 针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板及治理底鼓的方法，抑制底鼓时间长，成本低，施工时间短，当发生底鼓现象时，能快速地对巷道底鼓进行处理。
[0007] 为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是:一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板，包括至少两个预制板块，所述的预制板块包括混凝土本体和弧形钢架，弧形钢架设置于混凝土本体内的预应力迹线上，混凝土本体上表面镶嵌有轨道。
[0008] 进一步，还包括大间隙连接板，预制板块之间通过大间隙连接板连接。
[0009] 进一步，预制板块的两端设有缓冲板。[〇〇1〇] 进一步，凝土本体上表面装有吊装环。
[0011] 进一步，在预制板块上开设有排水槽。
[0012] 一种治理底鼓的方法，该方法的具体步骤:
[0013] A.在巷道底板上挖掘反底拱；
[0014] B.在挖掘好的反底拱上开设爆破孔后，装填炸药，进行药壶爆破；
[0015] C.爆破后在反底拱上开设卸压槽；[〇〇16] D.在反底拱上设置与反底拱相适应的弧形型材；[〇〇17] E.在巷道底板上打设至少两根锚杆，通过锚杆将弧形型材压紧在巷道底板上；
[0018] F.先将组合式预制板放置在弧形型材上，使锚杆的上端穿过组合式预制板，然后通过固底螺母使组合式预制板固定在弧形型材上。
[0019] 与现有技术相比，本发明采用组合式底板、卸压槽、锚杆和药壶爆破相结合的方式，能长时间的抑制巷道的底鼓现象，当巷道发生底鼓现象时，只需将底鼓发生地点的预制板块拆移，就能快速地对巷道底鼓进行处理，处理后将预制板块复位安装好，无需将整个巷道底部破损，不仅降低了施工成本，而且缩短了施工时间。附图说明
[0020] 图1是本发明中组合式预制板的结构示意图；[0021 ]图2是本发明中弧形钢架结构示意图；
[0022]图3是采用本发明布置的巷道剖面结构示意图。[〇〇23]图中:1、预制板块，2、弧形钢架，3、轨道，4、吊装环，5、大间隙连接板，6、缓冲板，7、 锚杆，8、弧形型材，9、爆破孔，10、卸压槽，11、排水槽，12、缓冲区。具体实施方式
[0024]下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。[0〇25]如图1、图2和图3所示，一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板，包括至少两个预制板块1，所述的预制板块1包括混凝土本体和弧形钢架2,弧形钢架2设置于混凝土本体内的预应力迹线上，混凝土本体上表面镶嵌有轨道3。
[0026] 作为本发明的一种改进，还包括大间隙连接板5,预制板块1之间通过大间隙连接板5连接;采用大间隙连接板5使两个预制板块1之间连接，同时允许预制板块1之间有一定的相对位置变形量，便于组合式底板的使用。
[0027] 优选的，所述的预制板块1的两端设有缓冲板6;增加缓冲板6使预制板块1之间的相对运动时起到缓冲作用，避免了预制板块1的两端磨损，延长了预制板块1的使用寿命;同时，缓冲板6的紧密接触可以防止水沿预制板块1的缝隙流到底板后软化岩层。
[0028]作为本发明的另一种改进，所述的混凝土本体上表面装有吊装环4;增加吊装环4， 可以用叉车进行运输，便于预制板块1的安装、拆移和更换。[0029 ]在预制板块1上开设有排水槽11;可以使巷道内的水顺着排水槽11从卸压槽10内流出，保证了预制板块1表面无积水，便于工作人员行走;卸压槽10起到了卸压和排水的双重作用。
[0030] 一种治理底鼓的方法，该方法的具体步骤:
[0031] A.在巷道底板上挖掘反底拱；[〇〇32] B.在挖掘好的反底拱上开设爆破孔9后，装填炸药，进行药壶爆破;使巷道底板下方的岩层松散，形成缓冲区12,在岩层进行挤压运动时不会直接将挤压力作用到巷道底板上；
[0033] C.爆破后在反底拱上开设卸压槽10;开设卸压槽10是当岩层挤压巷道底部时，可以通过挤压卸压槽10使压力释放，起到保护巷道底部的作用，同时卸压槽10可以起到对巷道排水的作用，无需再开挖排水沟；
[0034] D.在反底拱上设置与反底拱相适应的弧形型材8;弧形型材8为网状结构，增加弧形型材8的作用是增加反底拱的抗挤压强度；[〇〇35] E.在巷道底板上打设至少两根锚杆7，通过锚杆7将弧形型材8压紧在巷道底板上；
[0036] F.先将组合式预制板放置在弧形型材8上，使锚杆7的上端穿过组合式预制板的两端，然后通过固底螺母使组合式预制板固定在弧形型材8上;使组合式预制板稳固在弧形型材8上，从而起到抗挤压作用。
[0037] 通过以上实施，将在巷道底板形成新型的底板承载结构包括有三个承载壳:分别是缓冲区12以下的岩层为承载壳1、缓冲区12上表面与卸压槽10下表面之间的岩体为承载壳n、弧形型材8和预制板块1组成承载壳m;两个卸压区:分别是由药壶爆破形成的缓冲区 12为卸压区I和卸压槽10上表面与下表面之间的岩体为卸压区n，这样就形成了由三个承载壳和两个卸压区组成的新型底板承载结构。
[0038] 通过本发明布置的巷道底部能长时间的抑制巷道的底鼓现象，当巷道发生底鼓现象时，只需将底鼓发生地点的预制板块1拆除，就能快速地对巷道底鼓进行处理，处理后将预制板块1安装好，无需将整个巷道底部破损，不仅降低了施工成本，而且缩短了施工时间。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板，其特征在于，包括至少两个预制板块(1)和大间 隙连接板(5)，所述的预制板块(1)包括混凝土本体和弧形钢架(2)，弧形钢架(2)设置于混 凝土本体内的预应力迹线上，混凝土本体上表面镶嵌有轨道(3)，预制板块(1)之间通过大 间隙连接板(5)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板，其特征在于，所述的预制 板块(1)的两端设有缓冲板(6)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板，其特征在于，所述的 混凝土本体上表面装有吊装环(4 )。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种用于治理底鼓的组合式预制板，其特征在于，在预制 板块(1)上开设有排水槽(11)。
5.—种治理底鼓的方法，其特征在于，该方法的具体步骤:A.在巷道底板上挖掘反底拱；B.在挖掘好的反底拱上开设爆破孔(9)后，装填炸药，进行药壶爆破；C.爆破后在反底拱上开设卸压槽(10 );D.在反底拱上设置与反底拱相适应的弧形型材(8);E.在巷道底板上打设至少两根锚杆(7)，通过锚杆(7)将弧形型材(8)压紧在巷道底板 上；F.先将组合式预制板放置在弧形型材(8)上，使锚杆(7)的上端穿过组合式预制板，然 后通过固底螺母使组合式预制板固定在弧形型材(8)上。
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