CN103364709B - 一种实装电路板的功能测试系统及方法 - Google Patents
一种实装电路板的功能测试系统及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103364709B CN103364709B CN201310208071.6A CN201310208071A CN103364709B CN 103364709 B CN103364709 B CN 103364709B CN 201310208071 A CN201310208071 A CN 201310208071A CN 103364709 B CN103364709 B CN 103364709B
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XRHGYUZYPHTUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobenzoic acid Chemical compound 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 [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种实装电路板的功能测试系统，用于实装电路板测试技术领域，包括:阻抗测试表头，继电器组，行程开关，自锁控制电路，切换电路，其中，所述行程开关和所述自锁控制电路分别与所述阻抗测试表头直接连接；所述自锁控制电路与所述切换电路相连接，所述切换电路与所述功能测试模块连接；所述行程开关与压合治具的探针组相连，用来判定所述被测电路板与压合治具的所述探针组是否压合好；所述阻抗测试表头用来测量并判断测量到的所述被测电路板的阻抗值是否在合适范围，当测量到的阻抗值在合适范围时报出测试通过信号，并发送控制信号至所述自锁控制电路，使所述自锁控制电路进入自锁状态将所述测试系统切换至所述功能测试模块。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及实装电路板测试技术领域，具体地说更涉及一种实装电路板可测阻抗的功能测试系统及方法。
背景技术
[0002] 在实装电路板(Printed Circuit Board Assembly，PCBA)的量产过程中，由于操作者、制作设备及工艺的不足，很有可能生产出来的电路板存在一些缺陷，这就要求在检测阶段加入各种各样的测试设备或工具，使得最终出厂的实装电路板与最初的设计保持规格和参数的完全一致。
[0003] 功能测试(Funct1nal Circuit Test，FCT)是电路板测试过程中不可缺少的环节，功能测试一般是指对目标电路板提供模拟的运行环境，使其工作于各种设计状态，从而获取到各种状态的参数来验证PCBA的功能好坏，即对PCBA加载合适的激励信号，测量输入输出端响应是否符合既定的要求。然而，在现有的功能测试系统中，由于只对PCBA的整体进行测试，完成功能测试的电路板尤其是对组成较为复杂的电路板，仍不能排除其中个别元器件存在问题的可能性。因为个别元器件的故障点在整个PCBA中占比太小，因此在整体的功能测试过程中问题可能不能被显现。因此，为了避免功能测试的遗漏，通常在功能测试之外还会增加多个阶段或站点进行测试。
[0004] 例如，在功能测试之前阶段的人工元器件测试站，即对电路板的加载电阻等元件进行测试，这个阶段主要靠人工完成，采用的测试装置一般包括测试治具、扫描仪、万用表或示波器等，但是人工测试通常效率较低，万用表、示波器等测试设备的反应时间较长，另夕卜，也不可避免出现电路板某些元器件漏检或判断不准的问题，尤其对于采用表面贴装技术(Surface Mounted Technology，SMT技术)的PCBA，经常会出现终端电阻缺件、空焊或错件等问题，而且人工测试通常会漏检这些情况，无法实现防呆机制。
[0005] 如果前阶段的元器件测试不完善，后阶段的PCBA整体在上电后的功能测试过程通常难以发现这些问题。因此，原则上，要求测试过程必须先做好人工阶段的元器件测试后，将被测PCBA从治具上拿出再放入下阶段的治具上再上电进行自动化的数据采集，因而导致整个测试时间长，效率低，必须架设多套测试设备或站点才能完成所有的功能测试，耗时耗力且测试设备的成本也较高，同时多个站点或设备的使用，导致需要更大的生产空间，后续还要为测试设备的维护投入大量的精力，不利于大批量电路板的生产测试。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明实施例的目的在于针对上述现有测试技术存在的不足，提供一种实装电路板的功能测试系统及方法，将人工的元器件测试环节用自动化测试代替，并整合到现有的功能测试站点中，以实现裁减人工测试站点，降低人力和设备的投入成本，同时节省测试空间，降低测试治具架设或维护的成本。
[〇〇〇7] 发明人经过对以往检出的各种元器件故障的数据资料大量分析研究，发现:
[0008] 现有的检测方法下，对个别的重要元器件，即便不采取前阶段的人工元器件测试，直接进入后阶段的功能测试，也同样能够检测出PCBA故障。这是因为此类型的元器件的重要性与个别性，导致其一旦故障，PCBA整体测试必然出现显著的异常。此类个别的重要元器件例如，三极管、运算放大器、各类大小芯片、模组等。
[0009] 而绝大多数后阶段的功能测试不能检出，必须在前阶段的元器件测试中才能发现的故障点，都存在于次要的复数元件中。所谓复数是指例如，多个相同规格的输入、输出端口中的一个，或多条相同规格的数据总线中的一条；所谓次要，是指例如上述复数线路中的匹配电阻、电容、电感。由于此类型的元器件的次要性与复数性，导致其即便故障，PCBA仍能短期工作，整体测试也未必立即出现异常。但具有此类型问题的产品如长期工作，又会因相同规格的复数线路之间不平衡，有很高的几率会导致个别的重要元器件以远超其设计寿命的速度老化、故障，因此仍应作为不良品予以排除。发明人研究发现:上述次要的复数元件，电阻、电容、电感，在使用SMT技术生产PCBA时，绝大部分故障均是由于连锡、虚焊造成的短路、断路故障。此外，还有部分属于同种类元件的参数错误，例如100欧姆的电阻误为1000欧姆，或lpF的电容误为luF。这些类型的故障、错误都可以通过阻抗测试发现。
[〇〇1〇] 发明人还研究发现:如果对同一 PCBA上的多个次要的复数元件串联进行同时测试，能极大地缩短测试时间、改善测试效率。虽然这样对于不良品难以定位故障点，但可以追加专门的故障点定位测试加以弥补。而鉴于大部分SMT生产线本身的良品率>90%甚至部分优秀的可达>98%，仅对不良品进行故障点定位测试相比对每一待测PCBA的每一次要复数元件单独进行元器件测试，能极大地改善整体测试效率。
[〇〇11] 为了达到上述发明目的，本发明实施例提出的一种实装电路板的功能测试系统是通过以下技术方案实现的:
[0012] —种实装电路板的功能测试系统，所述系统包括功能测试模块，包含探针组、对被测电路板进行测试用的压合治具，所述系统还包括:阻抗测试表头，继电器组，行程开关，自锁控制电路，切换电路，其中，
[0013] 所述行程开关和所述自锁控制电路分别与所述阻抗测试表头直接连接；
[0014] 所述自锁控制电路与所述切换电路相连接，所述切换电路与所述功能测试模块连接；
[0015] 所述行程开关与压合治具的探针组相连，用来判定所述被测电路板与压合治具的所述探针组是否压合好；
[0016] 所述阻抗测试表头用来测量并判断测量到的所述被测电路板的阻抗值是否在合适范围，当测量到的阻抗值在合适范围时报出测试通过信号，并发送控制信号至所述自锁控制电路，使所述自锁控制电路进入自锁状态；
[0017] 所述自锁控制电路用于控制所述切换电路，当处于自锁状态时，使所述切换电路将所述测试系统切换至所述功能测试模块。
[0018] 为了实现前述发明目的，本发明实施例还提供了一种实装电路板的功能测试方法，所述方法是通过以下的技术方案实现的:
[0019] —种可测阻抗的实装电路板的功能测试方法，所述方法包括以下步骤:
[0020] 与被测电路板连接的阻抗测试表头测量被测电路板的阻抗值；
[0021] 阻抗测试表头判断测量到的阻抗是否在合适范围；
[0022] 若是，则所述阻抗测试表头报出测试通过信号，并通过自锁控制电路控制测试系统切换至功能测试模块，若否，则所述阻抗测试表头提示测试数据异常，报出测试失败信号。
[0023] 本发明通过提供一种实装电路板的功能测试系统及方法，通过新设计的阻抗测试电路，将人工的元器件测试环节用自动化测试代替，并整合到现有的功能测试站点中，以实现裁减人工测试站点，和大量测试工具如万用表、示波器等，并在完成该元器件测试环节后直接自动切换到下一环节的功能测试，从而降低了人力和设备的投入成本，同时节省了测试空间，降低测试治具架设或维护的成本。
附图说明
[0024] 通过下面结合附图对其示例性实施例进行的描述，本发明上述特征和优点将会变得更加清楚和容易理解。
[0025] 图1为本发明实施例实装电路板的功能测试系统的组成示意图；
[0026] 图2为本发明实施例实装电路板测试系统中阻抗测试表头的组成图；
[0027] 图3为本发明实施例实装电路板功能测试系统中阻抗测试部分的电路图；
[0028] 图4为本发明实施例实装电路板的功能测试系统中阻抗测试部分对RSDS测试的组成示意图；
[0029] 图5为本发明实施例阻抗测试部分与压合治具的连接示意图；
[0030] 图6为本发明实施例可测阻抗的实装电路板功能测试方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
[0031] 下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
[0032] 如图1所示，为本发明实施例的一种实装电路板的功能测试系统，所述系统包括功能测试模块，包含探针组、对被测电路板进行测试用的压合治具，所述系统还包括:阻抗测试表头，继电器组，行程开关，自锁控制电路，切换电路，其中，
[0033] 所述行程开关和所述自锁控制电路分别与所述阻抗测试表头直接连接；
[0034] 所述自锁控制电路与所述切换电路相连接，所述切换电路与所述功能测试模块连接；
[0035] 所述行程开关与压合治具的探针组相连，用来判定所述被测电路板与压合治具的所述探针组是否压合好；
[0036] 所述阻抗测试表头用来测量并判断测量到的所述被测电路板的阻抗值是否在合适范围，当测量到的阻抗值在合适范围时报出测试通过信号，并发送控制信号至所述自锁控制电路，使所述自锁控制电路进入自锁状态；
[0037] 所述自锁控制电路用于控制所述切换电路，当处于自锁状态时，使所述切换电路将所述测试系统切换至所述功能测试模块。
[0038] 进一步地，如图2所示，为所述阻抗测试表头的组成示意图，所述阻抗测试表头包括:
[0039] 阻抗测量电路，用来测量所述被测电路板的阻抗值；阻抗判断电路，与所述阻抗测量电路相连，用来根据上限值设定电路和下限值设定电路分别设定的阻抗上限值和阻抗下限值，判断测量到的被测电路板阻抗值是否在合适范围，若在合适范围，则报出通过测试信号，发送控制信号至自锁控制电路，其中，所述上限值设定电路和下限值设定电路分别与所述阻抗判断电路相连；
[0040] 显示表头，用来显示测量到的被测电路板的阻抗值。
[0041] 以下为阻抗测试表头描述，阻抗测试表头通常设置以下参数区域:
[0042] 1区:L0SET=下限设置，通过下限值设定电路设置；
[0043] 2区:HISET=上限设置，通过上限值设定电路设置；
[0044] 3区:测量数值显示区域
[0045] 5区:表头LED闪烁区域，3区数值在1，2区设置之间，则亮绿灯。3区数值小于1区则亮红灯L0 ;3区数值高于2区，则亮红灯HI。
[0046] 如图1所示，本发明的FCT测试系统还包括:功能测试模块，对待测PCBA提供模拟的运行环境，判断其是否能够工作于设计状态；条码扫描装置，扫描待测PCBA上的各种条码以便记录区分每一待测PCBA ;测试结果数据库，记录每一待测PCBA及其测试结果；显示装置，显示相应的测试信息及结果；以及测试程序控制模块，控制整个FCT测试系统运转。
[0047] 如图3所示，阻抗测试表头与被测实装电路板PCBA连接，通过被测PCBA上的测试触点，继电器输出开关组K1 -1，K1 -2，K2-1，K2-2…..Kn_2将阻抗测试部分电路与被测PCBA上的多个待测的元件(终端电阻)连接；行程开关为被测电路板与治具压合的判定。所述行程开关和自锁控制电路(Κ5，Κ5-1，Κ5-2)分别与所述表头直接连接；自锁控制电路与切换电路相连接，所述切换电路由继电器组控制开关Κ1〜Κη和SW切换开关组成，其中，η为被测电路板需要测量的终端电阻数。
[0048]如图 4 所不，以 RSDS (Reduced Swing Differential Signal，微幅差分信号)和LVDSCLow voltage differential signal，低压差分信号)的测试为例。具体来说，LVDS用于显卡和液晶显示器驱动板上T-con (Timing Controller，时序控制器)之间的通信，RSDS用于T-con和源驱动芯片的通信，目前的T-con都已集成了 LVDS的接收端和RSDS的发射端。
[0049] RSDS的阻抗测试原理:将所有RSDS发射端上的待测电阻(终端电阻)串联在一起，进行阻值采集，从而判断RSDS终端电阻的开短路和T-con输出信号是否短路。利用继电器输出开关组间的保护电阻(lOOohm)检测相邻信号之间是否有短路。
[0050] RSDS终端电阻是RSDS末端所并联的lOOohm左右的电阻，但对于SMT打件厂，经常会出现电阻缺件、空焊或错件等不良(LOSS)问题。因而终端电阻通常用来匹配还原输出到C0F端信号的逻辑。因为一直以来，现有技术的FCT功能测试对RSDS主要通过显卡和液晶显示器的画面检测，很难保证终端电阻焊接以及撞件异常被100%拦检下来。
[0051] 本发明实施例依据被测电路板PCBA上RSDS信号组数n，安装对应继电器组中的输出开关的数量，同时在输出开关组的回路中，串入相对应数量的保护电阻(lOOohm，此保护电阻阻值的选择并非对本发明的限制)，将RSDS几组信号连接在一起，连接至阻抗测试表头中，同时在外围电路中将判定结果(阻抗)转化为电压采集。其中，如图3和4所示，K5，K5-1，K5-2为一个继电器，通过其电路连接构成为自锁控制电路，当自锁控制电路工作后，需要断开接地GND方可恢复原始状态。K6可断开所有继电器K1〜K5的电源。当表头测得的阻值达到测试通过标准时，表头内的开关K导通输出测试通过信号(PASS)，送出5V电压至NI (多功能数据采集器，主要由美国国家仪器有限公司(Nat1nal Instruments)制造，简称NI)采集，而后电路自动断电(时间为1S完成)。
[0052] 本发明实施例从测量到的阻抗值着手，加入防呆机制，有利于100%检测到终端电阻LOSS的问题。阻抗测试部分的关键在阻抗测试表头，利用所述阻抗测试表头设置上下限，并将测量结果:测试通过信号(PASS)或测试失败信号(FAIL)输出到不同继电器，作为后阶段测试的切换依据。
[0053] 实验数据表明，阻抗测试表头响应时间可控制在0.3秒，测量阻值的准确度在0.lohm，与功能测试模块结合后，基本上不增加现有技术中FCT测试的时间，而且能准确反映测量结果。
[0054] 以下以一实施例说明本发明实施例阻抗测试及切换至功能测试模块的过程:
[0055] 1，如图5所示，放好被测电路板，操作治具压合。
[0056] 2，行程开关用来判断是否压合好，压合好后行程开关闭合。
[0057] 3，SW切换开关和继电器组控制开关K1〜K4组成切换电路，当切换开关未按下时，K1〜K4形成回路，线圈通电带动各自继电器组输出开关Kl-1，Kl-2，K2-1，K2-2….的常开触点闭合。
[0058] 4，阻抗测试表头的ini通过K1-1，终端电阻，K1-2，保护电阻(lOOohm)再到K2-1…最后经保护电阻(lOOohm)到达阻抗测试表头in2形成回路，则阻抗测试表头inl，in2之间的阻抗为(100ohm*4) + (终端电阻阻抗*4)。
[0059] 5，依据器件公差，定义好阻抗测试表头上下限范围。当测量阻抗在设定范围内，则阻抗测试表头直接发出测试通过信号(PASS)，发出开关闭合控制信号至所述自锁控制电路，开关闭合则K5通电，K5-1闭合形成自锁，K5-2 一直向功能测试模块的多功能数据采集器NI输出5V，转6。
[0060] 如若测量到的阻抗值不在范围，则不形成自锁，NI这边无5V。由此判断出阻抗到底不正常，不在正常范围，直接报出测试失败信号(FAIL)，无法切换至功能测试模块的上电功能运行测试。
[0061] 6，SW切换开关被按下切换，被测电路板与保护电阻(lOOohm)断开，断开后，测试系统自动切换至后续的功能测试模块测试。
[0062] 如图3和4中，在一实施例中，若待测的终端电阻1 (从左到右依次标号终端电阻1〜终端电阻4)设计参数为lOOohm，则相应的保护电阻也选择为lOOohm (此选择并非对本发明的限制，但保护电阻的选择应当使得LOSS时阻抗测试表头测得的阻抗变化易于观察判断)。此时，可将阻抗测试表头的下限值设置为下限790，上限值设定为上限810。当如图3所示，终端电阻1缺件or空焊，则表头测量的阻抗为很大，远远大于810，则表头内的K测试通过信号(PASS)开关不闭合，NI测量的电压为0V。而NI该电压规格设置为4〜6V，所以电压程序上无法测试通过信号(PASS )，从而判定此电路板不良。
[0063] 在本发明的上述实施例中，一次可以测试多个元件，在阻抗测试电路上是将各个待测元件串联。各个待测元件均合格则PASS，当测试失败时时也必然有元器件不合格。因此本发明实施例的优点在于，只需一个表头和一次测试，而不是与待测元件数量对应数量的多个表头，因此对于现有的功能测试系统只进行很小的改动，就足以能够拦截绝大部分的不良品，此外，本发明实施例不但可测试电阻、也可测试电感。
[0064] 如图6所示，本发明另一实施例示出了一种可测阻抗的实装电路板的功能测试方法，所述方法包括以下步骤:
[0065] S101.与被测电路板连接的阻抗测试表头测量被测电路板的阻抗值；
[0066] S102.阻抗测试表头判断测量到的阻抗是否在合适范围；
[0067] S103.若是，则转S1031.所述阻抗测试表头报出测试通过信号，并通过自锁控制电路控制测试系统切换至功能测试模块，若否，则转S1032.所述阻抗测试表头提示测试数据异常，报出测试失败信号。
[0068] 进一步地，所述阻抗测试表头判断测量到的阻抗值是否在合适范围具体包括:
[0069] 根据器件公差，预先通过上限值设定电路和下限值设定电路分别设定阻抗的上限值和阻抗的下限值；
[0070] 将测量到的阻抗值与预先设定的上限值和下限值比较，从而判断出测量到的阻抗值是否在合适范围。
[0071] 如上系统的实施方式描述，表头如何设置上下限范围已有描述说明，这里不再
--赘述。
[0072] 进一步地，所述通过自锁控制电路控制测试系统切换至功能测试模块具体包括:
[0073] 所述阻抗测试表头发出开关闭合控制信号至所述自锁控制电路，所述自锁控制电路一路闭合进入自锁状态，另一路向所述功能测试模块输出电压；
[0074] 切换电路中切换开关被按下切换，自动切换至所述功能测试模块。
[0075] 如上实施方式与系统描述的方式相同，这里不再一一赘述。
[0076] 所述阻抗测试表头报出测试通过信号或测试失败信号通过表头LED闪烁区域显示，测量到的阻抗值在预先设定的上下限范围内时亮绿灯，在预先设定的上下限范围外时亮红灯。
[0077] 本发明通过提供一种实装电路板的功能测试系统及方法，通过新设计的阻抗测试电路，将人工的元器件测试环节用自动化测试代替，并整合到现有的功能测试站点中，以实现裁减人工测试站点，和大量测试工具如万用表、示波器等，并在完成该元器件测试环节后直接自动切换到下一环节的功能测试，从而降低了人力和设备的投入成本，同时节省了测试空间，降低测试治具架设或维护的成本。
[0078] 本发明所属领域的一般技术人员可以理解，本发明以上实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例之一，为篇幅限制，这里不能逐一列举所有实施方式，任何可以体现本发明权利要求技术方案的实施，都在本发明的保护范围内。
[0079] 需要注意的是，以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施方式仅限于此，在本发明的上述指导下，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行各种改进和变形，而这些改进或者变形落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种实装电路板的功能测试系统，所述系统包括功能测试模块，包含探针组、对被测电路板进行测试用的压合治具，其特征在于，所述系统还包括:阻抗测试表头，继电器组，行程开关，自锁控制电路，切换电路，其中， 所述行程开关和所述自锁控制电路分别与所述阻抗测试表头直接连接； 所述自锁控制电路与所述切换电路相连接，所述切换电路与所述功能测试模块连接；所述行程开关与压合治具的探针组相连，用来判定所述被测电路板与压合治具的所述探针组是否压合好； 所述阻抗测试表头用来测量并判断测量到的所述被测电路板的阻抗值是否在合适范围，当测量到的阻抗值在合适范围时报出测试通过信号，并发送控制信号至所述自锁控制电路，使所述自锁控制电路进入自锁状态； 所述自锁控制电路用于控制所述切换电路，当处于自锁状态时，使所述切换电路将所述测试系统切换至所述功能测试模块。
2.如权利要求1所述的实装电路板的功能测试系统，其特征在于，所述阻抗测试表头包括: 阻抗测量电路，用来测量所述被测电路板的阻抗值； 阻抗判断电路，与所述阻抗测量电路相连，用来根据上限值设定电路和下限值设定电路分别设定的阻抗上限值和阻抗下限值，判断测量到的被测电路板阻抗值是否在合适范围，若在合适范围，则报出通过测试信号，发送控制信号至自锁控制电路，其中，所述上限值设定电路和下限值设定电路分别与所述阻抗判断电路相连； 显示表头，用来显示测量到的被测电路板的阻抗值。
3.如权利要求1所述的实装电路板的功能测试系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括: 功能测试模块，对待测实装电路板提供模拟的运行环境，判断其是否能够工作于设计状态； 条码扫描装置，扫描待测实装电路板上的各种条码以便记录区分每一待测实装电路板； 测试结果数据库，记录每一待测实装电路板及其测试结果；显示装置，显示相应的测试信息及结果； 测试程序控制模块，控制整个测试系统运转。
4.如权利要求3所述的实装电路板的功能测试系统，其特征在于，所述阻抗测试表头与所述继电器组、所述被测电路板中的终端电阻、及保护电阻形成串联回路。
5.根据权利要求4所述的实装电路板的功能测试系统，其特征在于，所述继电器组的组数与所述被测电路板需要测试的终端电阻数对应相同。
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