CN103349693B - 一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的外用中药组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的外用中药组合物，本发明属于医药领域，其配比是；乌梅炭5-50、徐长卿5-40、鹅不食草5-50、生石膏5-50、连翘5-50、藿香3-25、苍耳子5-40、丝瓜藤5-50、黄芩5-40、冰片2-20。按上述配比药量，藿香粗碎后，用蒸馏法提取藿香油；冰片碾碎；将乌梅炭、徐长卿、鹅不食草、生石膏、连翘、苍耳子、丝瓜藤、黄芩分别粉碎，煎煮三次，分别过滤得三次滤液。合并3次滤液，加温浓缩，再加入冰片粉和藿香油。灭菌、包装，即是本发明药。其用法是；用棉签蘸药液涂在鼻腔内，尽量使其均匀分布、不留死角，根据病情的轻重日涂3-5次。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域，特别是涉及治疗过敏性鼻炎的外用中药组合物及其用法。
背景技术
过敏性鼻炎是鼻腔粘膜和粘膜下组织的过敏性炎症，表现为充血或水肿。患者出现鼻塞，流清涕，鼻痒，喉部不适，喷嚏、咳嗽、眼耳不适，甚至头痛头晕等症状。它是因某种致敏物的作用和身体抵抗力差而致。过敏性鼻炎不仅影响鼻子、咽喉和眼睛，还会影响睡眠、听力，甚至头痛、头昏，食欲不振、易疲倦、记忆力减退等。当影响鼻腔的生理功能时，会出现呼吸障碍，引发血氧降低，影响其它组织和器官的功能与代谢。过敏性鼻炎病因病机多为感受风热或风寒，入里化热，热毒浊涕阻闭鼻窍而成。过敏性鼻炎首先由于肺气虚、卫表不固，风寒乘虚而入，犯及鼻窍，邪正相搏，肺气不通，津液停聚，喷嚏流涕；肺气的充实，有赖于脾气的输布，脾气虚则肺气虚，而气之根在肾，肾虚则摄纳无力，气不归元，阳气易于耗散，风邪内侵而致病。因此，发病初期常辨证为风寒袭肺或肺经蕴热等实证，随着病程进展，脏腑不同程度的虚损，常辨证为肺气虚，或肺脾、或肺肾两虚，甚或肺脾肾三脏俱虚。近九成的鼻咽癌因鼻炎久治不愈所致。有的鼻炎患者下鼻甲肥大，睡眠时氧气不足，严重的可引起脑梗塞、高血压、突发心脏病等，甚至猝死。鼻炎的症状是由过高的组织胺导致的，而导致组织胺增高的是这些部位分泌的液体。
据查阅最近国家专利网关于过敏性鼻炎的专利药有：
(1)、一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的茶膏及其制备方法201110343830.0。原料人参、当归、陈皮、犁头草、枳实、查肉、何首乌、党参、白芍、熟地、桂圆、山药、黄芪、白毛藤、土牛膝、白茨叶、杏仁、蔓荆子、防风、白芷、五倍子、鸡血藤、甘草、枸杞和白术按一定重量份经过多次煎熬、过滤、蒸馏和干燥得到。大方25味，药味太多，成本高又难找齐全。
(2)、一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药及其制备方法200410078167.6。药物组成：苦梗、苍耳子、干晒参、白芷、防风、旱莲草、紫丹参、干地龙、广藿香、千里光、黄柏、刺蒺藜、紫草、紫苑、黄芩、冰片、薄荷、连翘、百部、大青叶、板蓝根、荆芥、茜草、蝉衣各10-30克，辛夷、细辛、桂枝、麻黄、腹蛇胆、佩兰、沉香、苏合香各3-10克。32味药的大方，难找全，成本高。
(3)、一种用于过敏性鼻炎的中药分散片及其制备方法01210471582.2。它含有的原料药成分及其重量配比为黄芪30份、木贼12份、金银花10份、太子参15份、陈皮15份、白蒺藜12份、桔梗10份、甘草6份、辛夷10份。在本发明中上述九味药制成干膏粉，干膏粉及其原辅料重量配比为：干膏粉51.8份、羧甲基淀粉钠10份、交联聚维酮13.2份、微晶纤维素24份、硬脂酸镁0.5份、微粉硅胶0.5份、乙醇50份。分散片含有西药成份。
(4)、一种过敏性鼻炎药贴03269106.8。药贴结构包括背衬层，背衬层为药贴基层，背衬层上粘附有防渗层，防渗层上粘附有药物胶层，药物胶层上粘附有防护层。此是药贴。
(5)一种过敏性鼻炎颗粒200910170000.5。由黄芪290-310g、白术190-210g、细辛18-22g、防风75-85g、白芷95-105g、辛夷95-105g、苍耳子190-210g、蝉蜕45-55g、蜂房45-55g、皂角刺8-12g、穿山甲95-105g、赤芍190-210g、桔梗95-105g、金银花145-155g、连翘145-155g、浙贝母95-105g、天花粉95-105g、五味子95-105g和甘草45-55g制成。颗粒剂。
(6)一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药201210114335.7。重量份为防风8-12，蝉衣5-7，藿香8-12，荆芥8-12，白芷8-12，辛夷8-12，川芎8-12，炒杏仁8-12，桑叶14-16，野菊花14-16，牛蒡子8-12，桂枝8-10，丝瓜藤3-5，黄芪15-20，百术15-20，桔梗8-12g，甘草4-6，淫羊藿3-5。常规煎水服用。煎剂。
(7)一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药浸膏201210114334.2。重量份为：防风8-12，蝉衣5-7，藿香8-12，荆芥8-12，白芷8-12，辛夷8-12，川芎8-12，炒杏仁8-12，桑叶14-16，野菊花14-16，牛蒡子8-12，桂枝8-10，丝瓜藤3-5，黄芪15-20，百术15-20，桔梗8-12g，甘草4-6，黄精3-5，大枣4-6，淫羊藿4-6，鲜藕15-20。浸膏剂。
(8)一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药汤剂及其制备方法201210512508.0。重量份为：金银花10-12、青苔9-11、升麻8-10、柳树叶4-6、芙蓉叶5-7、鹅不食草9-11、岗梅根4-6、乌梅10-12、西洋参3-5、白芥子1-3、藿香1-3、淮山药3-5、辛夷花7-9、荜拨2-4、炒苍耳子炭6-8、大蒜10-12、桃花2-4、翠云草1-3和山露菜4-6。水煎剂。
上述专利药的不足之处：(1)、(2)大方25味和32味，药味太多，成本高又难找齐全；(3)是分散片又含有西药，恐有副作用；(4)、是药贴，药物吸收较难；(5)是颗粒剂，用时需要开水冲；(6)和(8)是水煎剂，使用不便；(7)是膏剂，可能会停留在鼻腔。
本过敏性鼻炎药对上述专利药的不足之处加以改正：本着简、便、廉、验宗旨，在我李氏祖传秘方的基础，加以改正，遴选出：用乌梅炭、徐长卿、鹅不食草、生石膏、连翘、藿香、苍耳子、丝瓜藤、黄芩、冰片。其特征在于：乌梅炭5-50、徐长卿5-40、鹅不食草5-50、生石膏5-50、连翘5-50、藿香3-25、苍耳子5-40、丝瓜藤5-50、黄芩5-40、冰片2-20等组成药的配方。其有益效果是：在治疗过敏性鼻炎、鼻窦炎等鼻病方面强效抗炎抑菌、活血化瘀、消肿止痛、去腐生肌等，药源广、愈期短、疗效确切的本过敏性鼻炎药及其使用方法。本组合物通鼻窍、副作用小、价格低、使用方便、疗效好。本本组合物外用通过皮肤，更确切地说是通过鼻粘膜吸收，避免了口服对肠胃的刺激。本发明药物组方合理，配伍精简、疗效确切、标本兼治。
本发明的工艺是：按上述配比称取药量，藿香粗碎后，用蒸馏法提取藿香油；冰片碾碎；将称取的乌梅炭、徐长卿、鹅不食草、生石膏、连翘、苍耳子、丝瓜藤、黄芩分别粉碎，然后将生石膏粉加清水为总药重量的5倍，煮沸半小时后依次加入乌梅炭、徐长卿、鹅不食草、连翘、苍耳子、丝瓜藤、黄芩粉大火煮沸后小火保持沸腾半小时，过滤得第一次煎液。然后按上法加总药重量3倍的清水，煮沸后小火保持沸腾20分钟、过滤得第二次滤液。然后按上法加总药重量2倍的清水，煮沸后小火保持沸腾10分钟、过滤得第三次滤液。合并3次滤液，加温浓缩至合并药量的1/2，再加入冰片粉和藿香油。灭菌、包装，即是本发明过敏性鼻炎药。本发明过敏性鼻炎药的用法是：用棉签蘸本发明药液涂在鼻腔内，尽量使其均匀分布、不留死角，根据病情的轻重日涂3-5次，10日为一疗程。
本发明的特点是用药少、价格低、效果好，疗效确切，药源丰富，制作简单，疗程短，费用低、安全可靠。
各组成药的功效：
1、乌梅为蔷薇科落叶乔木植物梅Prunus mume的近成熟果实。功能主治；敛肺，涩肠，生津。乌梅炭则是乌梅经烟火熏制而成，性味酸、涩，平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。主下气，除热烦满。治疗一切疮肉出：止痒、抗过敏；去恶肉。
2、徐长卿为萝藦科牛皮消属植物徐长卿Cynanchum paniculatum(Bge.)Kitag.的干燥根及根茎。祛风化湿，止痛止痒。活血化湿、脱敏。
3、鹅不食草：菊科植物鹅不食草Centipeda minima(L.)A.Br.etAschers.的干燥全草。味辛、苦，性平，无毒。发散风寒，通鼻窍，止咳，解毒。
4、石膏属钙化合物类。石膏天然二水石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)又称为生石膏，性味：甘、辛，大寒，无毒。归肺经、胃经。功能主治：清热泻火、除烦止渴、外感热病、高热烦渴、胃火亢盛，热病壮热不退、心烦神昏、谵语发狂、口渴咽干、肺热喘急、胃火头痛、火牙痛、热毒壅盛、发斑发疹、口舌生疮、痈疽疮疡、溃不收口、汤火烫伤。为加强其清热解毒之力，而用生品。
5、连翘为木犀科植物连翘Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl的干燥果实。含连翘酚、甾醇化合物、皂甙(无溶血性)及黄酮醇甙类、马苔树脂醇甙等。清热解毒，消肿散结，疏散风热，有“疮家圣药”之称。性味：苦，微寒。归肺、心、胆经。功能主治：连翘有广谱抗菌作用。清热解毒，散结消肿。
6、藿香为唇形科植物藿香Agastache rugosa(Fisch.et Mey.)O.Ktze.的地上部分。性味辛，微温。归肺、脾、胃经。治鼻渊，常可配猪胆汁等同用。疏散风热，清利头目；抗菌抗炎；促进透皮吸收作用；外用可治神经痛、皮肤瘙痒、皮疹和湿疹等
7、苍耳子为菊科植物苍耳Xanthium sibiricum Patr.的干燥成熟带总苞的果实。解表药；止痛药；宣肺药。性味；味苦；甘；辛；性温；小毒。苍耳子散风寒，通鼻窍、纳气止嚏；治疗鼻炎、鼻渊、鼻塞不通、鼻窦炎等使用的中成药38种，含有苍耳子者达到26种，占总数的72％，例如鼻通丸、鼻舒适片、鼻咽清毒颗粒、鼻炎灵片、鼻窦炎口服液、鼻炎片、鼻渊舒口服液等等，在各地中医医院、诊所里，治疗鼻炎的中药汤剂、丸散剂中选择使用苍耳子者也相当多，这些制剂治鼻炎等确有一定疗效。可以祛风解表，宣通鼻窍，除湿止痛。用于治疗风寒头痛、鼻渊流涕、风疹瘙痒等，临床报道苍耳子治疗鼻炎有独特疗效。苍耳子全株有毒，以子为最毒，嫩叶毒于老叶，药典规定必须炒用，不能生用，高温处理或炒炭可破坏其毒性。
8、丝瓜藤为属于双子叶植物药葫芦科植物，以成熟果实、果络、叶、藤、根及种子入药。功能舒筋活血；止咳化痰；解毒杀虫。主治腰膝酸痛；肢体麻木；鼻咽炎等。抗菌作用。味苦；性微寒；归心；脾；肾经。煎水洗或研末调敷外用能止血消炎，治疗痈疽疔肿、蛇咬、烫火伤等；用近根处的丝瓜藤水煎服可治疗萎缩性鼻炎、慢性副鼻窦炎，能使分泌物减少，头痛消失或减轻；枯藤切碎，焙至半焦研末吹入鼻内，对鼻炎也有疗效。
9、黄芩为唇形科植物黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)，以根入药。有清热燥湿，凉血安胎，解毒功效。主治温热病、上呼吸道感染、肺热咳嗽、湿热黄胆、肺炎、痢疾、咳血、目赤、胎动不安、高血压、痈肿疖疮等症。黄芩的临床应用抗菌比黄连还好，而且不产生抗药性。
10、冰片：冰片(合成龙脑)：本品为无色透明或白色半透明的片状松脆结晶；气清香，味辛、凉；具挥发性，点燃发生浓烟，并有带光的火焰。天然冰片(右旋龙脑)：本品为樟科植物樟Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl的新鲜枝、叶经提取加工制成。艾片(左旋龙脑)：本品为菊科植物艾纳香Blumeabalsami fera(L.)DC.的新鲜叶经提取加工制成的结晶。冰片味辛、苦，微寒；归心、肝、肺经；清香宣散，具有开窍醒神，辛苦，凉。清热散毒，明目退翳的功效，主治热病高热神昏，中风痰厥惊痫，暑湿蒙蔽清窍，喉痹耳聋，治鼻中息肉垂下者：片脑点之(《濒湖集简方》)。疗慢性鼻腔炎：将冰片溶于热液状石蜡中，配成2％透明液体。滴鼻，对慢性单性鼻炎疗效较好，对慢性肥厚性鼻炎亦有效，对萎缩性鼻炎可改善症状。滴药后鼻塞症状消失，分泌物由黄绿色变为白色，分泌量渐趋减少。
上述药方共奏消炎、止痛、活血、化瘀、止痒、收敛，生肌去腐、平复过敏性鼻炎的功效。
下面通过一些病例说明本发明的药液之临床疗效，随访了236个病例，其中常年性过敏性鼻炎138例，季节性过敏性鼻炎98例。有效率85％，治愈率72％，无效15％。平均治愈时间12-27天。
典型病例：
实例1闫某，女，38岁，家住广西全州县凤凰乡翠西下西边，过敏性鼻炎发作，经常表现嗅觉减退，并以流脓涕、头痛为主。1999年4月3日求治于我并使用本发明药，两天减轻，24天治愈，随后4年未见复发。
实例2王某，男，55岁，住广西全州县安和江明小学，鼻塞，流清涕；表现为交替性或者是间歇性；有粘液性鼻涕。2009年10月8日，前来求治。使用本发明药，日用3-4次。嘱其用药期间忌辛辣香燥发物，21天治愈，至今未见复发。
实例3梅某，男，36岁，广西罗城县工商行，2011年12月6日，过敏性鼻炎发作，求治于我。患者主诉：主要症状是鼻痒、多次阵发性喷嚏、大量水样鼻漏、鼻塞。遂用本发明专利药，使鼻粘膜收缩，日用3-4次，嘱其用药期间忌辛辣香燥发物，7天好转，三周治愈。随访3年，未曾复发。
实例4吴某，女，38岁，家住广西罗城县四把镇新印村坝心屯，2011年1月30日，过敏性鼻炎发作，求治于本人，遂用本发明专利药。日用3-4次，嘱其用药期间忌辛辣香燥发物，6天好转，25天痊愈，随访1年，未曾复发。
实例5李某，女，31岁，住广西罗城县东门镇章罗村李家屯，2010年4月30日，过敏性鼻炎发作，求治于本人，遂用本发明专利药。日用3-4次，嘱其用药期间忌辛辣香燥发物，21天痊愈，随访2年，未曾复发。
过敏性鼻炎治愈的标准：
痊愈：内窥镜下检查见鼻腔粘膜肿胀基本消退，鼻腔宽敞光滑；病人自觉鼻腔通气良好，头痛，鼻流涕等症状消失；无鼻腔粘连及其它相关并发症的出现。
有效：鼻腔痂皮有所减少，鼻涕症状有所改善。
无效：鼻塞、流涕、头痛的症状没有改善。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的外用中药组合物，其特征还在于其组方和配比是：乌梅炭5-50、徐长卿5-40、鹅不食草5-50、生石膏5-50、连翘5-50、藿香3-25、苍耳子5-40、丝瓜藤5-50、黄芩5-40、冰片2-20。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的外用中药组合物，其特征还在于其生产工艺是：按上述配比称取药量，藿香粗碎后，用蒸馏法提取藿香油；冰片碾碎；将称取的乌梅炭、徐长卿、鹅不食草、生石膏、连翘、苍耳子、丝瓜藤、黄芩分别粉碎，然后将生石膏粉加清水为总药重量的5倍，煮沸半小时后依次加入乌梅炭、徐长卿、鹅不食草、连翘、苍耳子、丝瓜藤、黄芩粉大火煮沸后小火保持沸腾半小时，过滤得第一次煎液；然后按上法加总药重量3倍的清水，煮沸后小火保持沸腾20分钟、过滤得第二次滤液；然后按上法加总药重量2倍的清水，煮沸后小火保持沸腾10分钟、过滤得第三次滤液；合并3次滤液，加温浓缩，再加入冰片粉和藿香油，灭菌、包装。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的外用中药组合物，其特征还在于其使用方法：用棉签蘸药液涂在鼻腔内，尽量使其均匀分布、不留死角，根据病情的轻重日涂3-5次。
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Effective date of registration: 20190118 Address after: Room B816, 8th floor, No. 1 Building, No. 35 Jinghai 4th Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, 100176 Co-patentee after: Secret Biography (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Song Xuejun Address before: 546400 Institute of Scientific and Technological Information, No. 44 Jiefang Road, Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County, Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patentee before: Li Shaohua |