CN103338509A - WSN (wireless sensor network) indoor positioning method based on hidden markov models - Google Patents

WSN (wireless sensor network) indoor positioning method based on hidden markov models Download PDF

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CN103338509A
CN103338509A CN2013101216530A CN201310121653A CN103338509A CN 103338509 A CN103338509 A CN 103338509A CN 2013101216530 A CN2013101216530 A CN 2013101216530A CN 201310121653 A CN201310121653 A CN 201310121653A CN 103338509 A CN103338509 A CN 103338509A
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node
hidden markov
indoor
algorithm
value
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CN2013101216530A
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丁新朗
刘肇荣
陈宇斌
李越
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南昌航空大学
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Abstract

The invention discloses a WSN (wireless sensor network) indoor positioning method based on hidden markov models. The method is that an indoor positioning assembly program is additionally arranged in the system with the help of an existing deployed WSN indoor on the basis of not changing a network topology structure and system functions, distance related characteristic parameters of radio frequency of positioning mobile nodes indoor are collected, and the collected characteristic vectors are processed by using the hidden markov models, thereby overcoming influences of environment changes, man-made interferences and the like to obtain the precise location of the mobile nodes indoor. The steps are that an indoor area to be positioned is divided into grids, and the size of the grid is the required positioning precision; the characteristic value of the node is collected and pretreated firstly, then positioning calculation is carried out by using the trained hidden markov models, and finally the models output locating position information of the node indoor is outputted by the models.

Description

A kind of WSN indoor orientation method based on hidden Markov model

Technical field

The present invention relates to wireless sensor network technology, artificial intelligence, fields such as pattern recognition are specifically related to a kind of WSN indoor orientation method based on hidden Markov model.

Background technology

According to " National Program for Medium-to Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020))), the deployment of national science and technology development strategy planning such as " national Eleventh Five-Year Plan scientific and technical development program " and " 863 Program Eleventh Five-Year Plan development outline " file, earth observation and field of navigation technology are listed in the emphasis forward position and explore problem.Wherein, " high accuracy seamless navigation location technology " becomes the important sub-problem in this field especially and paid close attention to widely.For following mobile subscriber, not only need to obtain out

Positional information under the wealthy environment, the demand to locating information under indoor environment also grows with each passing day.All like in office building,

In the indoor environments such as school, hospital, hotel, airport, railway station, warehouse, underground parking, prison, military training base, need locating information to realize the efficient management of resource in free space especially.Therefore, how to satisfy growing indoor positioning demand, become an important subject in the current earth observation research field.Along with the development of social informatization,

As the daily main activities place of people, the positional information aware services in the indoor environment has more and more stronger demand,

To greatly promote the development of China's information industry and popularize the indoor positioning Study on Technology.

In open outdoor environment, global position system GPS (Global Position System) is though can provide accurate localization information, and technology is ripe relatively, is difficult to play a role under by the indoor environment that concrete surrounded.In recent years, the high speed development of near radio power technology makes the indoor positioning rapid technological improvement.In general, indoor positioning can adopt sensor technology, transducer and the transmission network thereof of this technology by disposing in advance, and perception enters the object of specific region and finishes the location.Typical system such as infrared sensing navigation system, vibration/sound sensing positioning system, ultra broadband navigation system etc.Yet the indoor locating system that utilizes sensor technology needs the special hardware facility that increases, and equipment funds have high input, and effect is but desirable not to the utmost.The sensing range and the sensing network that are subject to transducer are disposed, and large-scale positioning service can't be provided

Cover, positioning accuracy also has very big difference owing to type of sensor is different.

At present, WLAN (wireless local area network) WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) is worldwide by widespread deployment.In view of this, Chinese scholars proposes to utilize WLAN to realize indoor positioning in succession.Like this, the user not only can enjoy conveniently information transmission of WLAN, and also can obtain positional information immediately simultaneously, thereby strengthen the function of WLAN, be to kill two birds with one stone.Problems such as and the WSN network that utilizes self-organizing carries out indoor positioning and exists: link-quality is reliable inadequately, and ambient noise is big, and the location final result shake that receives is bigger.

Summary of the invention:

The invention discloses a kind of WSN indoor orientation method based on hidden Markov model, WSN space-location method based on hidden Markov model, it relates to the pattern matching field, can pass through determining of HMM model, the collection of observation sequence, the training of HMM model well addresses the above problem.The present invention at first sets up complete WLAN location scene and location fingerprint storehouse; Then, the signal strength signal intensity that collects according to test point and the location fingerprint database data of pre-stored utilize hidden Markov model, can obtain its corresponding optimum state sequence, and then realize that the WSN interior space accurately locatees.

The present invention is achieved in that the position fixing process that it is characterized in that it:

Step 1: arrange a plurality of perception anchor nodes (Anchor Sensor Node) at indoor environment, the density requirements of deployment guarantees that the radio frequency signal that is a bit sent by one or more ASN arbitrarily that needs in the described environment to be positioned covers, and evenly plans N in described indoor environment RPIndividual study reference point;

Step 2: ASN gathers and gathers N respectively RPThe characteristic vector value of individual study reference point generates observation sequence, according to the definition of hidden Markov model and set up model Algorithm extracts the observed value sequence of node when carrying out the collection of sample, the observed value sequence is the foundation of training node locating HMM model when setting up fingerprint base; Choosing a reference point is origin Set up two-dimentional rectangular coordinate system, obtain N RPIndividual coordinates of reference points value, according to the definition of hidden Markov model and the feature of ASN, can be divided into one of four states to ASN, respectively with node ID, node coordinate, the RSSI value, the LQI value is corresponding, here status number N=4 sets up the data fingerprint storehouse according to the signal receiver collection on each reference point from this one of four states value of each access point;

Step 3: the training node is set up hidden Markov model (HMM), earlier the data of ASN are gathered, and with its generation observed value sequence, determine one group of HMM parameter through optimizing with these observed value sequences for each node, train the hidden Markov model (HMM) of node;

Step 4: node locating.For any one mobile node (MB), we at first will carry out preliminary treatment to the characteristic value of node, do the characteristic value matching treatment with the described hidden Markov model that trains (HMM) again.Result output namely obtains the MB positional information.

  

The process of the training node hidden Markov model of step 3, training process is as follows:

Step 3 one: what the zone at the node place that will train was unified cuts apart, according to the top observed value sequence that is associated for each ASN extraction of telling about;

Step 3 two: set up a general HMM model Determine the status number of model, the size of the state transitions of permission and observation sequence vector;

Step 3 three: the data that training is obtained and N state carry out corresponding, calculate the initial parameter of hidden Markov model, the transition probability matrix A initialization here between the state.Set condition Can only turn back to itself or transfer to State, namely , Perhaps , namely

For the initial condition probability distribution, we set , suppose that namely HMM is from first state.And for the initialization of observing probability, we suppose: , Like this, just initially dissolve a hidden Markov model

Step 3 four: adopt at last forward-backward algorithm or Algorithm calculates observes vector Under this model , use Cut apart replacement and evenly cut apart, carry out the initial estimation of parameter again;

Step 3 five: after initial model is determined, utilize The revaluation algorithm recomputates initial hidden Markov model, and each parameter of hidden Markov model is reappraised in this step, obtain one new , utilize then forward-backward algorithm or Algorithm calculates the observed value sequence Under this model , in order to estimate close to the observed value sequence Model, set threshold value , when The time (at this moment Convergence), namely obtain the hidden Markov model that trains, otherwise order Repeat this step, until Convergence obtains the hidden Markov model close to the observed value sequence.

  

The node locating process of step 4 is supposed in the fingerprint base existing The individual node hidden Markov model that trains, its positioning algorithm based is as follows:

Step 4 one: the observation sequence vector that extracts the node that needs the location;

Step 4 two: the similar probability of hidden Markov model of each node in the observation sequence vector that calculates this node then and the node fingerprint base Similar probability Calculating be by forward-backward algorithm or Algorithm draws;

Step 4 three: similar probability has reflected the similarity of the node hidden Markov model in node observation sequence vector to be positioned and data fingerprint storehouse, if Here it is The intermediate value maximum, so Be exactly and the immediate node hidden Markov model of node to be positioned.So far, finish the location.

Technique effect of the present invention is:This method is by the WSN of indoor existing deployment, on the basis that does not change network topology structure and systemic-function, system increases the indoor positioning component programs, the less radio-frequency of indoor positioning mobile node (Mobile Node) is gathered the relevant characteristic parameter of distance, and utilize implicit Markov model that the characteristic vector that collects is handled, obtain Mobile Node in indoor exact position thereby overcome influences such as environmental change and artificial disturbance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: the structure chart that the present invention relates to hidden Markov model;

Fig. 2: the algorithm graph of a relation that the present invention relates to hidden Markov model;

Fig. 3: the hidden Markov model of WSN indoor positioning;

Fig. 4: the WSN indoor positioning procedure chart based on hidden Markov model of the present invention.

Embodiment

Further specify the WSN indoor orientation method based on hidden Markov model of the present invention below in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, its concrete steps are as follows:

Training process:

Step 1: according to the required precision that node is positioned, room area to the needs location is divided grid, the size of each grid is the size of required positioning accuracy that has determined the node of location, and the positioning accuracy of node refers to the range deviation of the position that the node location oriented is actual with it.And be to require to choose according to reality to the precision that node positions, the positioning accuracy of general indoor node may be selected to be 2 meters, that is to say that the distance of the node oriented and its physical location is in 2 meters, in the present invention, the preferred square net of the shape of grid, when grid was square, the size of grid characterized with the length of side of grid, and the length of side of grid is the positioning accuracy of the node that needs the location; When grid for other shapes is, the size of grid refers to that its barycenter is to the maximum of the distance at edge.Divide the preferred evenly piecemeal of mode of grid, each piece is a grid, extracts the observed value sequence that the ASN array is associated in the network according to top telling about then.

Step 2: set up a general HMM model Determine the status number of model, the size of the state transitions of permission and observation sequence vector.According to the definition of hidden Markov model and the feature of ASN, can be divided into one of four states to ASN, respectively with node ID, node coordinate, the RSSI value, the LQI value interrelates, status number N=4 here, shown in Figure 3 is the hidden Markov model of WSN indoor positioning, wherein

ID: each node has a unique numbering, in order to distinguish the kind of node.

RSSI: full name is Received Signal Strength Indicator, is the intensity indication that receives signal, and its realization is carried out after backward channel base band receiving filter.

LQI: full name is Link Quality Indicater, IEEE 802.15.4 standard definition: indication (LQI) metering be exactly intensity and/or the quality of the packet received.Its average correlation of preceding 8 symbols that is expressed as radio communication appends in each frame of receiving together with RSSI and CRC OK/not OK.Correlation 110 expression first water frames, and be worth the minimum quality frame that 50 general expression radio detection arrive.

X, Y: be that node is at the coordinate figure of locating area.

Step 3: the data that training is obtained and N state carry out corresponding, calculate the initial parameter of hidden Markov model, the transition probability matrix A initialization here between the state.Set condition Can only turn back to itself or transfer to State, namely Perhaps , namely

For the initial condition probability distribution, we set , suppose that namely HMM is from first state.And for the initialization of observing probability, we suppose: , Like this, just initially dissolve a hidden Markov model

Step 4: adopt at last forward-backward algorithm or Algorithm calculates observes vector Under this model With Cut apart replacement and evenly cut apart, carry out the initial estimation of parameter again.

Step 5: after initial model is determined, utilize The revaluation algorithm recomputates initial hidden Markov model.Each parameter of hidden Markov model is reappraised in this step, obtain one new Utilize then forward-backward algorithm or Algorithm calculates the observed value sequence Under this model In order to estimate close to the observed value sequence Model, set threshold value , when The time (at this moment Convergence), namely obtain the hidden Markov model that trains, otherwise order Repeat this step, until Convergence obtains the hidden Markov model close to the observed value sequence.

Position fixing process: existing in the supposition fingerprint base The individual node hidden Markov model that trains

Step 1: the observation sequence vector that extracts the node that to identify.

Step 2: the similar probability of hidden Markov model of each node in the observation sequence vector that calculates this node then and the node fingerprint base Similar probability Calculating be by forward-backward algorithm or Algorithm draws.

Step 3: similar probability has reflected the similarity of the node hidden Markov model in node observation sequence vector to be positioned and data fingerprint storehouse, if Here it is The intermediate value maximum, so Be exactly and the immediate node hidden Markov model of node to be positioned.So far, finish the location.

Claims (3)

1. WSN indoor orientation method based on hidden Markov model is characterized in that its position fixing process:
Step 1: arrange a plurality of perception anchor nodes (Anchor Sensor Node) at indoor environment, the density requirements of deployment guarantees that the radio frequency signal that is a bit sent by one or more ASN arbitrarily that needs in the described environment to be positioned covers, and evenly plans N in described indoor environment RPIndividual study reference point;
Step 2: ASN gathers and gathers N respectively RPThe characteristic vector value of individual study reference point generates observation sequence, according to the definition of hidden Markov model and set up model Algorithm extracts the observed value sequence of node when carrying out the collection of sample, the observed value sequence is the foundation of training node locating HMM model when setting up fingerprint base; Choosing a reference point is origin Set up two-dimentional rectangular coordinate system, obtain N RPIndividual coordinates of reference points value, according to the definition of hidden Markov model and the feature of ASN, can be divided into one of four states to ASN, respectively with node ID, node coordinate, the RSSI value, the LQI value is corresponding, here status number N=4 sets up the data fingerprint storehouse according to the signal receiver collection on each reference point from this one of four states value of each access point;
Step 3: the training node is set up hidden Markov model (HMM), earlier the data of ASN are gathered, and with its generation observed value sequence, determine one group of HMM parameter through optimizing with these observed value sequences for each node, train the hidden Markov model (HMM) of node;
Step 4: node locating, for any one mobile node (MB), we at first will carry out preliminary treatment to the characteristic value of node, do the characteristic value matching treatment with the described hidden Markov model that trains (HMM) again, and result output namely obtains the MB positional information.
2. a kind of WSN indoor orientation method based on hidden Markov model according to claim 1, its feature is in the process of the training node hidden Markov model of step 3, and training process is as follows:
Step 3 one: what the zone at the node place that will train was unified cuts apart, according to the top observed value sequence that is associated for each ASN extraction of telling about;
Step 3 two: set up a general HMM model Determine the status number of model, the size of the state transitions of permission and observation sequence vector;
Step 3 three: the data that training is obtained and N state carry out corresponding, calculate the initial parameter of hidden Markov model, the transition probability matrix A initialization here between the state, set condition Can only turn back to itself or transfer to State, namely , Perhaps , namely
For the initial condition probability distribution, we set , namely suppose HMM from first state, and for the initialization of observing probability, we suppose: , Like this, just initially dissolve a hidden Markov model
Step 3 four: adopt at last forward-backward algorithm or Algorithm calculates observes vector Under this model , use Cut apart replacement and evenly cut apart, carry out the initial estimation of parameter again;
Step 3 five: after initial model is determined, utilize The revaluation algorithm recomputates initial hidden Markov model, and each parameter of hidden Markov model is reappraised in this step, obtain one new , utilize then forward-backward algorithm or Algorithm calculates the observed value sequence Under this model , in order to estimate close to the observed value sequence Model, set threshold value , when The time (at this moment Convergence), namely obtain the hidden Markov model that trains, otherwise order Repeat this step, until Convergence obtains the hidden Markov model close to the observed value sequence.
3. a kind of WSN indoor orientation method based on hidden Markov model according to claim 1, its feature are supposed in the fingerprint base existing in the node locating process of step 4 The individual node hidden Markov model that trains, its positioning algorithm based is as follows:
Step 4 one: the observation sequence vector that extracts the node that needs the location;
Step 4 two: the similar probability of hidden Markov model of each node in the observation sequence vector that calculates this node then and the node fingerprint base , similar probability Calculating be by forward-backward algorithm or Algorithm draws;
Step 4 three: similar probability has reflected the similarity of the node hidden Markov model in node observation sequence vector to be positioned and data fingerprint storehouse, if Here it is The intermediate value maximum, so Be exactly and the immediate node hidden Markov model of node to be positioned that so far, finish the location.
CN2013101216530A 2013-04-10 2013-04-10 WSN (wireless sensor network) indoor positioning method based on hidden markov models CN103338509A (en)

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CN103796304A (en) * 2014-01-15 2014-05-14 内蒙古科技大学 Coal mine underground positioning method based on virtual training set and Markov chain
CN104144495A (en) * 2014-07-04 2014-11-12 中国科学院光电研究院 Fingerprint positioning method based on direction sensor and WLAN network
CN104270796A (en) * 2014-10-23 2015-01-07 湘潭大学 Data collection method for selecting Sink routes based on markov model
CN104469942A (en) * 2014-12-24 2015-03-25 福建师范大学 Indoor positioning method based on hidden Markov model
CN106028290A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-10-12 浙江工业大学 WSN multidimensional vector fingerprint positioning method based on Kriging
CN106371064A (en) * 2016-09-08 2017-02-01 成都希盟泰克科技发展有限公司 Positioning method based on layered hidden Markov model (HMM)
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CN109982242A (en) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-05 深圳市九洲电器有限公司 A kind of indoor orientation method, device, base station and system
US10849205B2 (en) 2015-10-14 2020-11-24 Current Lighting Solutions, Llc Luminaire having a beacon and a directional antenna

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Cited By (17)

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CN103796304B (en) * 2014-01-15 2017-06-30 内蒙古科技大学 One kind is based on virtual training collection and markovian underground coal mine localization method
CN103796304A (en) * 2014-01-15 2014-05-14 内蒙古科技大学 Coal mine underground positioning method based on virtual training set and Markov chain
CN104144495A (en) * 2014-07-04 2014-11-12 中国科学院光电研究院 Fingerprint positioning method based on direction sensor and WLAN network
CN104144495B (en) * 2014-07-04 2016-05-11 中国科学院光电研究院 A kind of fingerprint positioning method based on direction sensor and wlan network
CN104270796B (en) * 2014-10-23 2017-12-12 湘潭大学 Method of data capture based on Markov model selection Sink paths
CN104270796A (en) * 2014-10-23 2015-01-07 湘潭大学 Data collection method for selecting Sink routes based on markov model
CN107003382A (en) * 2014-12-17 2017-08-01 索尼公司 Message processing device, information processing method and program
CN104469942A (en) * 2014-12-24 2015-03-25 福建师范大学 Indoor positioning method based on hidden Markov model
CN104469942B (en) * 2014-12-24 2018-02-27 福建师范大学 A kind of indoor orientation method based on HMM
US10849205B2 (en) 2015-10-14 2020-11-24 Current Lighting Solutions, Llc Luminaire having a beacon and a directional antenna
CN107135244A (en) * 2016-02-29 2017-09-05 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 Location-based service implementation method and device
US10904707B2 (en) 2016-02-29 2021-01-26 Advanced New Technologies Co., Ltd. Location-based service implementing method and apparatus
CN106028290A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-10-12 浙江工业大学 WSN multidimensional vector fingerprint positioning method based on Kriging
CN106371064B (en) * 2016-09-08 2018-11-20 成都希盟泰克科技发展有限公司 A kind of localization method based on layering Hidden Markov Model
CN106371064A (en) * 2016-09-08 2017-02-01 成都希盟泰克科技发展有限公司 Positioning method based on layered hidden Markov model (HMM)
CN106597363A (en) * 2016-10-27 2017-04-26 中国传媒大学 Pedestrian location method in indoor WLAN environment
CN109982242A (en) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-05 深圳市九洲电器有限公司 A kind of indoor orientation method, device, base station and system

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