CN103315193A - Cyprinus pellegrini mixed feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a large-headed carp compound feed, which belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. Its components and weight percentages are: 8-15% of fish meal, 7-9% of corn gluten meal, 22-28% of soybean meal, and 11-15% of cottonseed meal , rapeseed meal 10-12%, rice bran 6-8%, secondary powder 3.83-11.03%, brewer's yeast 5-7%, soybean oil 5.1-5.3%, soybean lecithin 0.5-1.0%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7-1.5 %, zeolite powder 3~4%, vitamin C phosphate 0.05~0.1%, choline chloride 0.2~0.3%, salt 0.2~0.4%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01~0.03%, mineral premix 0.5~ 1.0%, vitamin premix 0.3~0.8%. The present invention fully considers the living habits, nutritional needs and digestion characteristics of the big-headed carp, and selects the raw materials that are easy to digest and absorb for big-headed carps for reasonable compatibility; the feed has good palatability; the feed utilization rate is high, and the water pollution is small; the source of raw materials is stable and the price is low , suitable for large-scale breeding of big head carp.

Description

A kind of big head carp compound feed

technical field

The invention relates to a compound feed, in particular to a compound feed for big-headed carps, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture.

Background technique

Big-headed carp (Cyprinus pellegrini) belongs to Cyprinidae, Cyprinidae and Cyprinus genus, and its common name is Luyu and big-headed carp. Big-headed carp is a unique and rare fish in Yunnan, and it is one of the "six famous fish" in Yunnan. It is distributed in Xingyun Lake and Qilu Lake. Big head carp is well-known inside and outside the province for its oily head, tender meat, fresh quality and delicious taste. It is favored by farmers and consumers, and has high nutritional and economic value. Big-headed carps live in groups in the middle and upper layers of the water body and are easy to catch. They are excellent species for artificial breeding.

At present, the research on big-headed carp mainly focuses on morphological characteristics, ecological distribution, living habits and reproductive biology, etc., but there are few studies on the nutritional requirements and feed of big-headed carp, and there is no special compound feed. Its artificial breeding is often based on other fish Feed substitution, which will inevitably lead to problems such as nutritional imbalance, slow growth, low feed efficiency, serious water pollution and disease breeding.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a compound feed for big-headed carp, which has reasonable ratio, balanced nutrition, low feed coefficient and cost, and the compound feed fully considers the living habits, nutritional needs and digestion of big-headed carp. Features, reasonably formulate the protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin levels of the big-headed carp compound feed, select the conventional feed raw materials that are easy to digest and absorb for big-headed carp for reasonable compatibility, and improve the stability of the feed in water through the extrusion pelleting process .

In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention: a compound feed for big head carp includes fish meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, rice bran, secondary flour, brewer's yeast, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, phosphoric acid Calcium dihydrogen, zeolite powder, vitamin C phosphate, choline chloride, table salt, ethoxyquinoline, mineral premix, vitamin premix, wherein the weight percentage of various raw materials is: fish meal, 8-15 %; corn gluten meal, 7-9%; soybean meal, 22-28%; cottonseed meal, 11-15%; rapeseed meal, 10-12%; rice bran, 6-8%; secondary flour, 3.83-11.03%; Brewer's yeast, 5-7%; soybean oil, 5.1-5.3%; soybean lecithin, 0.5-1.0%; calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.7-1.5%; zeolite powder, 3-4%; vitamin C phosphate, 0.05-0.1 %; choline chloride, 0.2-0.3%; salt, 0.2-0.4%; ethoxyquinoline, 0.01-0.03%; mineral premix, 0.5-1.0%; vitamin premix, 0.3-0.8% ; The sum of the percentages by weight of all raw materials is 100%.

The soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, vitamin C phosphate, choline chloride, salt, ethoxyquinoline, mineral premix and vitamin premix are added according to the conventional feed ratio.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention fully considers the living habits, nutritional needs and digestive characteristics of the big-headed carp, reasonably formulates the protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin levels of the big-headed carp compound feed, and selects the big-headed carp that is easy to digest and absorb. Reasonable compatibility of conventional feed materials meets the nutritional needs of big-headed carp under the condition of artificial breeding; the feed has good palatability; scale breeding.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, so as to facilitate the understanding of technical personnel. However, the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

1. Crude protein requirement of big head carp:

With fishmeal, casein and gelatin as feed protein sources, fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin as fat sources, and dextrin as sugar sources, five different levels of crude protein (29%, 34%, 39%, 44%, 49%) of the experimental feed. All feed raw materials are processed into hard particles with a particle size of 1.0 mm after crushing, mixing and granulating. The big head carp with uniform size (about 12.3g) and strong physique was selected from the same batch in the same year, and they were randomly distributed in 15 breeding tanks (5 experimental treatment groups, 3 replicates in each group), 25 fish per tank. Feed twice a day in the morning and evening (07:00, 18:00) to reach the satiety level. Breeding water is tap water with aeration and dechlorination, using a circulating water system. The circulating system uses mechanical and biological filter media, and is sterilized with ultraviolet light. The water temperature is always kept at 18-23 °C. After 10 weeks of feeding, the experimental data are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Effects of different crude protein levels on the growth performance of big head carp (mean ± standard error)

Note: There is a significant difference between those with different letters in the same column (P<0.05).

It can be seen from Table 1 that in the range of dietary crude protein level of 29-49%, the specific growth rate of big head carp showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of dietary crude protein level, among which the specific growth rate of 44% group was the largest. Taking the specific growth rate of fish as the ordinate, and the feed crude protein level as the abscissa, the regression analysis was carried out with the broken line model and the quadratic curve model respectively. Confidence interval, 37.6-41.0%), the quadratic curve model showed that the minimum crude protein requirement of Datou carp was 34.7-37.3%. It can be seen that the suitable crude protein requirement of big head carp is 37.3-41.0%.

2. Effects of different crude protein and crude fat levels on the growth rate and protein metabolism of big head carp:

Fish meal, concentrated fish protein and soybean protein concentrate are used as feed protein sources, fish oil and soybean lecithin are used as fat sources, high-gluten flour and dextrin are used as sugar sources, and three crude protein levels (35%, 40%, 45%) are set. and 3 crude fat levels (5%, 9%, 13%), according to the conventional feed ratio scheme, prepare 9 kinds of test feeds with different nitrogen-energy ratios. All feed raw materials are processed into hard particles with a particle size of 2.0 mm after crushing, mixing and granulating. The same batch of uniform size (about 40 g) and healthy big-headed carps were selected in the same year, and they were randomly distributed in 27 breeding tanks (9 experimental treatment groups, 3 replicates in each group), 20 fish per tank. Feed twice a day in the morning and evening (07:00, 18:00) to reach the satiety level. Breeding water is tap water with aeration and dechlorination, using a circulating water system. The circulating system uses mechanical and biological filter media, and is sterilized with ultraviolet light. The water temperature is always kept at 18-23 °C. After 10 weeks of feeding, the test data are shown in Tables 2-3.

Table 2: Effects of different crude protein and crude fat levels on the growth performance of big head carp (mean ± standard error)

Note: There is a significant difference between those with different letters in the same column (P<0.05).

It can be seen from Table 2 that the dietary crude protein and crude fat levels significantly affected the feeding rate, growth performance and feed efficiency of bighead carp. The final weight, body weight and specific growth rate of the 35% crude protein group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups; the feed factor of the 35% crude protein group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups; the protein efficiency of the 40% crude protein group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups two groups. The final weight, body weight gain and specific growth rate of the 5% crude fat group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups; the feed factor and protein efficiency of the 5%, 9% and 13% crude fat groups had no significant difference. It can be seen that: taking growth performance and feed efficiency as the measurement index, the suitable crude protein and crude fat requirements of big head carp are about 40% and 9% respectively.

Table 3: Effects of different levels of crude protein and crude fat on the activities of plasma protein metabolism enzymes in bighead carps (mean ± standard error)

Note: There is a significant difference between those with different letters in the same column (P<0.05).

It can be seen from Table 3 that the levels of dietary crude protein and crude fat significantly affected the activities of γ-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in plasma of big head carp. The aspartate aminotransferase activity of the 35% crude protein group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. The alanine aminotransferase activity of the 5% crude fat group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. It can be seen that when the crude protein and crude fat content in the diet of big head carp are 40% and 9% respectively, the protein metabolism function of big head carp is better.

To sum up, the suitable crude protein level of compound feed for big head carp is 37.3-41.0%, and the crude fat level is 9%.

3. According to the research results of the nutritional needs of the above-mentioned big-headed carp, combined with the actual production needs, the following compound feed for big-headed carp was prepared.

Example 1

Weigh 8kg of fish meal, 7kg of corn gluten meal, 28kg of soybean meal, 15kg of cottonseed meal, 12kg of rapeseed meal, 8kg of rice bran, 3.83kg of subflour, 7kg of brewer’s yeast, 5.3kg of soybean oil, 0.5kg of soybean lecithin, 1kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Zeolite powder 3kg, vitamin C phosphate 0.05kg, choline chloride 0.3kg, salt 0.2kg, ethoxyquinoline 0.02kg, mineral premix 0.5kg, vitamin premix 0.3kg.

Example 2

Weigh 11kg of fish meal, 8kg of corn gluten meal, 25kg of soybean meal, 13kg of cottonseed meal, 11kg of rapeseed meal, 7kg of rice bran, 7.93kg of subflour, 6kg of beer yeast, 5.2kg of soybean oil, 0.5kg of soybean lecithin, 1kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Zeolite powder 3kg, vitamin C phosphate 0.05kg, choline chloride 0.3kg, salt 0.2kg, ethoxyquinoline 0.02kg, mineral premix 0.5kg, vitamin premix 0.3kg.

Example 3

Weigh 15kg of fish meal, 9kg of corn gluten meal, 22kg of soybean meal, 11kg of cottonseed meal, 10kg of rapeseed meal, 6kg of rice bran, 11.03kg of subflour, 5kg of brewer’s yeast, 5.1kg of soybean oil, 0.5kg of soybean lecithin, 1kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Zeolite powder 3kg, vitamin C phosphate 0.05kg, choline chloride 0.3kg, salt 0.2kg, ethoxyquinoline 0.02kg, mineral premix 0.5kg, vitamin premix 0.3kg.

The raw materials of the above-mentioned examples 1-3, except fish oil and soybean oil, were crushed through an 80-mesh sieve in advance, and then all the raw materials were mixed evenly by a twin-shaft paddle mixer; pellets (adjust the feed particle diameter according to the size of the fish body), dry, and cool to obtain the big-headed carp compound feed of the present invention.

In August 2012, a 10-week breeding experiment of big head carp (average 40g) was carried out in the aquaculture laboratory. Using the compound feed of the above-mentioned Examples 1-3 to raise big-headed carp, the breeding effect is shown in Table 4.

Table 4: The growth performance results of the big head carp of the embodiment (mean ± standard error)

Note: There is a significant difference between those with different letters in the same column (P<0.05).

The above test results show that: the present invention fully considers the living habits, nutritional needs and digestion characteristics of the big-headed carp, reasonably formulates the levels of protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins in the big-headed carp compound feed, and selects the routine that the big-headed carp is easy to digest and absorb. The feed raw materials are properly matched to meet the nutritional needs of big-headed carp under artificial breeding conditions; the feed has good palatability; the feed utilization rate is high, and the water pollution is small; the source of raw materials used in this compound feed is stable and low in price, and it is suitable for large-scale big-headed carp feeding.

The content of the present invention described through the embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention, various transformations and equivalent substitutions can also be made to the patent of the present invention. Therefore, the patent of the present invention is not limited to the disclosed specific implementation process, but should All embodiments falling within the scope of the patent claims of the present invention are included.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of big head carp compound feed, it is characterized in that, described compound feed comprises fish meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, rice bran, second meal, brewer's yeast, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, dihydrogen phosphate Calcium, zeolite powder, vitamin C phosphate, choline chloride, table salt, ethoxyquinoline, mineral premix, vitamin premix, wherein the weight percentage of various raw materials is: fish meal, 8-15%; Corn gluten meal, 7-9%; soybean meal, 22-28%; cottonseed meal, 11-15%; rapeseed meal, 10-12%; rice bran, 6-8%; second flour, 3.83-11.03%; brewer's yeast , 5-7%; soybean oil, 5.1-5.3%; soybean lecithin, 0.5-1.0%; calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.7-1.5%; zeolite powder, 3-4%; vitamin C phosphate, 0.05-0.1%; Choline chloride, 0.2-0.3%; table salt, 0.2-0.4%; ethoxyquinoline, 0.01-0.03%; mineral premix, 0.5-1.0%; vitamin premix, 0.3-0.8%; all The sum of the weight percentages of raw materials is 100%.