CN103277091A - High-temperature well temperature and pressure dynamic monitoring system - Google Patents

High-temperature well temperature and pressure dynamic monitoring system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103277091A
CN103277091A CN2012104502258A CN201210450225A CN103277091A CN 103277091 A CN103277091 A CN 103277091A CN 2012104502258 A CN2012104502258 A CN 2012104502258A CN 201210450225 A CN201210450225 A CN 201210450225A CN 103277091 A CN103277091 A CN 103277091A
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China
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pressure
temperature
capillary tube
monitoring system
dynamic monitoring
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CN2012104502258A
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CN103277091B (en
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李载敏
蔺爱国
孙洪涛
王作启
李莹
史建英
王�琦
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China University of Petroleum East China
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China University of Petroleum East China
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Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature well temperature and pressure dynamic monitoring system. According to the high-temperature well temperature and pressure dynamic monitoring system, corresponding data are figured out through processing of software of a central automatic control system (7) and are respectively transmitted to a mechanical electronic direct reading double display screen (9) and a data storage and teletransmission system (8), pressure, temperature, working fluid level height and steam dryness data of various teletransmission layers are respectively displayed and stored, and a technological structure and method for temperature and pressure dynamic monitoring or moving testing of a high-temperature well is completed. According to the high-temperature well temperature and pressure dynamic monitoring system, installation and operation are convenient and fast, interference of other transmission environments does not affect the monitoring system, a drifting phenomenon do not exist, correction is not needed, the monitoring system can stably operate under a high-temperature environment of an oil well for a long time, all the data can be directly read, stored and transmitted in a remote mode, and testing results are intuitive and precise.

Description

High temperature well temperature, pressure dynamic monitoring system
Technical field
The present invention relates to barrier film balanced type sensor technical field, especially a kind of high temperature well temperature, pressure dynamic monitoring system.
Background technology
When oil extraction run into ultradeep well, when annotating thermal recovery technology such as high-temperature steam well, fireflood well, downhole temperature, this specific aim of pressure data are formulated the most important foundation that improves recovery ratio technology, can't realize dynamic monitoring simultaneously so far.In the at present domestic and international existing various correlation techniques, capillary tube well pressure measuring technology can only be obtained pressure data, and the big waste nitrogen of volume resource; Electronics and optical fiber measuring technology can not satisfy heat-resisting requirement, and exist signal drift to repair problem, can not truly reflect down-hole temperature, pressure value; Vacuum heat-preserving throwing type down-hole temperature and pressure measuring technology can not realize the long-term dynamics monitoring and need the test that stops production that petroleum industry is needed badly and solved the hp-ht well temperature, pressure can't be realized the problem of dynamic monitoring simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, its purpose is to provide a kind of use barrier film balanced type fluid temperature (F.T.), pressure sensor, do the signal transport vehicle with coaxial capillary tube and nitrogen, with the little gas supercharging of closed loop circulating device be that nitrogen increases, pressure release promotes the temperature, pressure monitoring system in source, utilizes direct method to solve high-temperature oil well temperature, pressure dynamic monitoring simultaneously problem.Thin outer thick transitional barrier film during the temperature of this dynamic monitoring system, the special clock metal material of pressure sensor utilization are made; such structure can be because of pressurized and stress fragmentation; be arranged on barrier film between two symmetrically arranged limit body A, the B and keep the microgap; barrier film and A limit body and housing keep good electricity to lead and sealing; B insulation limit body and barrier film and housing keep good electric insulating state; metal diaphragm and housing are separated two limit bodies of A, B in two airtight fluid cavitys, and limit body is mainly used in limiting the axial displacement protection barrier film of barrier film.Temperature sensing medium in A limit body contact measured medium or the temperature-sensitive capsule.In test process, when measured medium pressure or the temperature sensing medium bulbs of pressure during greater than the nitrogen pressure of B insulation limit body end, the insulate central contact short circuit conducting of limit body of barrier film axial deformation and B; Be pressed into nitrogen to B insulation limit body end, when reaching balance with pressure medium or the temperature sensing medium bulbs of pressure or during greater than equilibrium pressure, the contact of barrier film and B insulation limit body disconnects, B insulation limit body and housing electricity are state of insulation, utilize this switching relation at pressure balance point, trigger central automatic control system record and catch, show this equilibrium pressure value, obtain by measuring pressure with this; The force value of temperature pick up is pressed temperature and pressure dependence formula by software, convert, demonstrate corresponding temperature value, realize temperature, the pressure monitoring of particular surroundings.Can be simultaneously according to recording the associated temperature force value and the well head pressure value is tried to achieve dynamic liquid level height and each layer position steam quality value.Pressure and temperature sensor construction principle is identical, and difference is that temperature pick up arranges a temperature sensing medium capsule.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realizes by following technological means: a kind of high temperature well temperature, pressure dynamic monitoring system, comprise balanced diaphragm fluid temperature (F.T.), pressure sensor, coaxial capillary tube, the outstanding card that protects of capillary tube, the safe ejector of capillary tube, the little gas supercharging of closed loop circulating device, central automatic control system, data storage and remote transmitting system, two screen and the well head pressure transmitters etc. of showing of mechano-electronic.It is characterized in that said high temperature well temperature, pressure dynamic monitoring system, be under the instruction of central automatic control system, utilize the little gas supercharging of closed loop circulating device to increase, let out nitrogen to coaxial capillary tube, produce axial deformation when allowing the barrier film of sensor reach pressure balance on both sides, the contact of B insulation limit body produces on-off action, moment during with this break-make, different change in resistance was triggering signal, allowed central automatic control system catches, different (temperature expansion pressure and real medium pressure) equilibrium pressures of surveying layer when distinguishing this; Systems soft ware utilizes measured downhole temperature, force value and well head pressure value, calculates dynamic liquid level height, each layer position steam quality data according to correlation formula, is used for demonstration, storage, teletransmission.Barrier film temperature, pressure sensor have high temperature resistant and corrosion resistance as pressure perception body.It promotes barrier film by nitrogen makes its generation axial deformation finish test assignment, when tested end and inflation end pressure balance or overbalance, the B of sensor insulation limit body is non-conductive state with housing, with this triggering signal as equilibrium pressure (fill, popping pressure) seizure; Coaxial capillary tube is as the carrier of pressure and triggering signal, it is characterized in that a stainless steel is inserted coaxial composite capillary of formation in the bigger stainless steel capillary of another root diameter with the capillary tube armored cable, to reduce volume, improve its temperature tolerance, corrosion resistance and intensity, the formed annular space of armored cable and capillary tube is used for conducting nitrogen, and armored cable is used for transmission equilibrium pressure triggering signal; Capillary tube is outstanding to be protected card and plays coaxial load-bearing capillaceous and protective effect, it is characterized in that it is installed in the tubing coupling, its middle part internal diameter is big, is complementary with the tubing coupling external diameter, and the two ends internal diameter is little, be complementary with this body diameter of oil pipe, formed by two semicircle pipe pipe nipple hinges fastenings that radially are unlatching, be axially arranged with capillary tube in hinge side and pass passage, be used for the coaxial capillary tube of segmentation load-bearing, the protective hair tubule is not pushed by tubing and casing, plays the outstanding effect of protecting; The safe ejector of capillary tube is divided into clamp connection and is connected two kinds of form of structure with flange according to supporting different model well head Christmas tree big four joint connected mode, is made up of steel ring sealing flange, safe gate valve and capillary tube joint.It is characterized in that all adopting the steel ring hermetically-sealed construction, be provided with manual safety in the outside and shear gate valve, quick closedown under abnormal conditions, the accident that prevents takes place.Its effect is that coaxial capillary tube is drawn by the well head side, and its wiper seal rank is identical with the pressure rank of supporting well head production tree.The little gas supercharging of closed loop circulating device mainly is made up of miniature high-low pressure gasholder, pressure meter, high-pressure solenoid valve, high-pressure mini circulation pump, high-precision pressure sensor, capillary tube etc.Its effect is to inject, reclaim nitrogen, pressure meter for the nitrogen pressure that shows the high-low pressure gasholder by coaxial capillary tube to the downhole instrument circulation.It is characterized in that the high-pressure mini circulation pump squeezes into the high-pressure mini gasholder with the nitrogen in the miniature low pressure gasholder and store, opened and closed by instruction by high-pressure solenoid valve that instrument is suppressed and injected an amount of nitrogen in the well; Low-voltage solenoid valve opens and closes by instruction, and the nitrogen in an amount of recovery well of pressure release in the instrument enters low pressure gasholder, back and forth promotes downhole instrument work according to this.Central authorities' automatic control system is made of microcomputer circuit and specialty control software, it is the commanding agency of monitoring system, it is characterized in that it can arrange, regulate and control dynamic monitoring speed, control high-pressure mini circulation pump is squeezed into to the high-pressure mini gasholder and is satisfied the required nitrogen pressure of test, control the corresponding open and close of each high-pressure solenoid valve follow procedure, inject or discharge recovery nitrogen to downhole instrument, and intelligently according at the equilibrium pressure triggering signal resistance in circuit value mutation fuzzy value of linear pressure, temperature pick up, distinguish, catch and record pressure, temperature data; When multilayer megadyne temperature degree, pressure monitoring, can accurately distinguish, catch the temperature, the force value that record the different layers position, warn unusually.And calculate down-hole producing fluid level and each layer position steam quality data, the related data that records and calculate together with the measured layer bit depth, is flowed to two screen and data storage and the remote transmitting systems of showing of mechano-electronic direct-reading.The two screens that show of mechano-electronic direct-reading mainly are made of mechanical pressure gauge and electronic digital display screen, it is characterized in that mechanical pressure gauge is the pressure that shows the downhole gas loop in real time, the electronic digital display screen is used for showing actual each layer megadyne temperature degree that records and calculate, pressure, dynamic liquid level height, each layer position steam quality and data such as corresponding survey layer depth, environment temperature, time and well head pressure value.Data storages and remote transmitting system mainly are made of storage system and wireless remote transmission system, it is characterized in that it possesses that big capacity is stored on the spot, flash disk copy and all data wireless remote transmission function, and compatible mutually with user's data storehouse network; The well head pressure transmitter is used for monitoring surface well mouth pressure, and provides data for calculating producing fluid level.
High temperature well temperature provided by the present invention, pressure dynamic monitoring system compared with prior art have the following advantages:
The employed temperature of this monitoring system, pressure sensor belong to direct method measuring media pressure, and test environment does not have electronic component, are not subjected to transmission to wait other environmental disturbances, do not exist drift phenomenon to need not to revise, and test result is directly perceived, accurate; The sensor that adopts and downhole tool temperature tolerance surpass 500 ℃, can be in the operation steady in a long-term of the high temperature ring of oil well; Only can realize multilayer megadyne temperature degree, pressure test with a coaxial capillary tube, and try to achieve data such as steam quality, producing fluid level; Adopt little gas endless form, can finish whole monitoring periods with a spot of nitrogen, do not need to replenish nitrogen; Energy direct-reading, storage, teletransmission total data; Can go into well performance monitoring with oil pipe, also can utilize the wire rope coaxial capillary tube winch that interweaves to put into mobile test, the easy compliance of fitting operation is strong.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the pressure sensor structure schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention
Accompanying drawing 2 is the arrangement of temperature sensor schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention
Accompanying drawing 3 is the system flow schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention
Accompanying drawing 4 protects the card schematic diagram for the capillary tube in the specific embodiment of the invention is outstanding
Accompanying drawing 5 is the safe ejector schematic diagram of the capillary tube in the specific embodiment of the invention
Fig. 6 is the safe ejector schematic diagram of the capillary tube in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the capillary tube tee junction schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Introduce the embodiment of the invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing: a kind of high temperature well temperature; the pressure dynamic monitoring system; comprise balanced diaphragm fluid pressure sensor 1; temperature pick up 2; coaxial capillary tube 3; the outstanding card 4 that protects of capillary tube; the safe ejector 5 of capillary tube; capillary tube threeway 6; central authorities' automatic control system 7; data storage and remote transmitting system 8; two screen 9 and the little gas supercharging of the closed loop circulating device 11 etc. of showing of mechano-electronic direct-reading; balanced diaphragm fluid pressure sensor 1 and temperature pick up 2 installed or is placed down in each measured position of oil well; connect with a coaxial capillary tube 3; and be pressed in outstanding the protecting in the draw-in groove 25 of card 4 of capillary tube of segmentation load-bearing protection with card along oil-pipe external wall at the tubing and casing annular space; upwards be connected in the interior snap joint 31 of the safe ejector 5 of capillary tube; outer snap joint 32 by the safe ejector 5 of capillary tube is connected to central automatic control system 7 with coaxial capillary tube 3 again, is connected by boost electromagnetic valve 13 and the pressure release electromagnetic valve 12 of capillary tube threeway 6 usefulness capillary tubies 10 with the little gas supercharging of closed loop circulating device 11.
In the little gas supercharging of the closed loop circulating device 11, the exhaust end of the miniature gasholder 18 of low pressure and the inlet end of high-pressure mini circulation pump 17 be connected, inlet end and pressure release electromagnetic valve 12 are connected to capillary tube threeway 6, finish pressure release and reclaim the gas storage task; The exhaust end of high-pressure mini circulation pump 17 is connected to the inlet end of the miniature gasholder 15 of high pressure by voltage-controlled electromagnetic valve 16, the exhaust end of the miniature gasholder 15 of high pressure is connected with capillary tube threeway 6 with capillary tube 10 by boost electromagnetic valve 13, finishes high pressure nitrogen and injects the supercharging task.One of its feature is that high-pressure mini circulation pump 17 and voltage-controlled electromagnetic valve 16 are controlled by the preset pressure value of pressure control device 14 simultaneously, finishes the storage of high-pressure mini gasholder 15 and presses task; Two of its feature is that the boost electromagnetic valve 13 of little gas circulating device 11 and pressure release electromagnetic valve 12 are controlled by central automatic control system 7, finish by instruction increase, pressure leak process, be used for to promote temperature, pressure transducer diaphragm, the transmission pressure signal;
Central authorities' automatic control system 7 is after sending regularly the test instruction of annotating, lose heart under the special-purpose software control, under the triggering of the barrier film 21 of each layer megadyne temperature degree sensor 2, pressure sensor 1 and the contact make-and-break signal of B insulation limit body 20, pressure signal when catching this, and determine it is the relevant pressure value of which sensor according to the resistance of triggering signal sudden change basic value, be delivered to respectively through handling that the mechano-electronic direct-reading is two to show screen 9 and data storage and remote transmitting system 8 corresponding demonstrations and storage teletransmission respectively.
Balanced diaphragm fluid temperature sensor 2 and pressure sensor 1, it is characterized in that metal diaphragm 21 and sensor housing 22 with A limit body 19 and B insulation limit body 20 by the certain interval sealed separation in its both sides, metal diaphragm 21 is subjected to A, B two ends differential pressure action produces axial little deformation, B insulation limit body 20 is state of insulation with sensor housing 22, only its circle centre position is provided with a contact and is connected with armored cable 33 in the coaxial capillary tube 3, when holding when B end pressure balance or a little more than A, metal diaphragm 21 disconnects with the contact of B insulation limit body 20, otherwise connect the triggering signal with this during as balance; Temperature pick up 2 is that with the difference of pressure sensor 1 metal diaphragm 21 deformation of temperature pick up 2 are controlled by the bulbs of pressure of temperature sensing medium in its temperature-sensitive capsule 23.
Capillary tube is outstanding to be protected card 4 and need clamp one at the box cupling place of every oil pipe, it is characterized in that it is made up of two identical special-shaped semicanal cylinders 26 that radially separate, fasten its inside, back and be provided with the big footpath hollow out cylindrical cavity 28 that matches with tubing coupling, two ends have been symmetrical arranged the spacing half the circumference of the sleeve where it joins the shoulder of path with oil pipe body gentleness, are used for preventing its play up and down.Two special-shaped semicanal cylinders 26 are finished hinge with d-axis 24 and are connected, and its external shaft radiotropism is provided with the braced wing 27 of a plurality of symmetries, are used for keeping the annular space of tubing and casing unobstructed, are convenient to other process implementing.Be provided with curved capillary tube draw-in groove 25 in the inboard of d-axis 24, for the protection of tightening coaxial capillary tube 3 and preventing its play up and down.
The safe ejector 5 of capillary tube is made up of flange 29, safe gate valve 30, inner capillary tube joint 31 and outer capillary tube joint 32.All technical datas that it is characterized in that flange 29 must be supporting with the well head side flange, and safety is sheared gate valve 30 and will be possessed in abnormal conditions and can cut short coaxial capillary tube 3 fast and close the ability of sealing.
Capillary tube tee junction 6 is characterized in that it can keep passing the integrity of the armored cable 33 in wherein the coaxial capillary tube 3, again can with the good gas general character of capillary tube 10 maintenances that is connected.

Claims (4)

1. high temperature well temperature, the pressure dynamic monitoring system, comprise balanced diaphragm fluid temperature sensor (2), pressure sensor (1), coaxial capillary tube (3), the outstanding card (4) that protects of capillary tube, the safe ejector of capillary tube (5), the little gas supercharging of closed loop circulating device (11), central authorities' automatic control system (7), data storage and remote transmitting system (8), the two screens (9) that show of mechano-electronic, capillary tube (10) etc., it is characterized in that described high temperature well temperature, the pressure dynamic monitoring system is under central automatic control system (7) commander, annotated to coaxial capillary tube (3) by the little gas supercharging of closed loop circulating device (11), let out nitrogen, by the high pressure nitrogen that injects, promote balanced diaphragm fluid temperature sensor (2), the metal diaphragm (21) of pressure sensor (1) is done axial deformation, about the balance critical point, produced on-off action with the contact of B insulation limit body (20) by the nitrogen pressure of measuring pressure and injection, equilibrium pressure signal when catching this as triggering signal, and determine it is the relevant pressure value of which sensor according to the resistance of triggering signal sudden change basic value, data in conjunction with well head pressure transmitter (0), software processing through central automatic control system (7) calculates corresponding data, be delivered to two screen (9) and data storage and the remote transmitting systems (8) of showing of mechano-electronic direct-reading respectively, show and store the pressure of each layer of teletransmission position respectively, temperature, dynamic liquid level height, the steam quality data are finished technical pattern and the method for the dynamic monitoring of high temperature well temperature, pressure or mobile test.
2. high temperature well temperature according to claim 1, the pressure dynamic monitoring system, it is characterized in that: metal diaphragm (21) is pressed the certain interval sealed separation in its both sides with sensor housing (22) with A limit body (19) and B insulation limit body (20), metal diaphragm (21) is subjected to A, B two ends differential pressure action produces axial little deformation, B insulation limit body (20) is state of insulation with sensor housing (22), only its circle centre position be provided with a contact and with coaxial capillary tube (3) in armored cable (33) be connected, when holding when B end pressure balance or a little more than A, metal diaphragm (21) disconnects with the contact of B insulation limit body (20), otherwise connect the triggering signal with this during as balance; Temperature pick up (2) is that with the difference of pressure sensor (1) metal diaphragm (21) deformation of temperature pick up (2) is controlled by the bulbs of pressure of temperature sensing medium in its temperature-sensitive capsule (23).
3. high temperature well temperature according to claim 1 and 2, pressure dynamic monitoring system, it is characterized in that: the little gas supercharging of closed loop circulating device (11), by the inlet end of the exhaust end of the miniature gasholder of low pressure (18) and high-pressure mini circulation pump (17) be connected, inlet end and pressure release electromagnetic valve (12) are connected to capillary tube threeway (6), finish pressure release and reclaim the gas storage task; The exhaust end of high-pressure mini circulation pump (17) is connected to the inlet end of the miniature gasholder of high pressure (15) by voltage-controlled electromagnetic valve (16), the exhaust end of the miniature gasholder of high pressure (15) is connected with capillary tube threeway (6) with capillary tube (10) by boost electromagnetic valve (13), finish high pressure nitrogen and inject the supercharging task, high-pressure mini circulation pump (17) and voltage-controlled electromagnetic valve (16) are controlled by the preset pressure value of pressure control device (14) simultaneously, finish the storage of high-pressure mini gasholder (15) and press task; Boost electromagnetic valve (13) and the pressure release electromagnetic valve (12) of little gas circulating device (11) are controlled by central automatic control system (7), finish by instruction increase, pressure leak process, be used for to promote temperature, pressure transducer diaphragm, the transmission pressure signal.
4. high temperature well temperature according to claim 1 and 2, the pressure dynamic monitoring system, it is characterized in that: central automatic control system (7), under special-purpose software control commander, send regularly to open and close by rule control boost electromagnetic valve (13) and pressure release electromagnetic valve (12) and annotate, lose heart, at each layer megadyne temperature degree sensor (2), under the triggering of the contact make-and-break signal of the barrier film (21) of pressure sensor (1) and B insulation limit body (20), pressure signal when catching this, and determine it is the relevant pressure value of which sensor according to the resistance of triggering signal sudden change basic value, be delivered to respectively through handling that the mechano-electronic direct-reading is two to show the corresponding demonstration and store teletransmissions respectively of screen (9) and data storage and remote transmitting system (8).
CN201210450225.8A 2012-11-07 2012-11-07 High temperature well temperature, Pressure behaviour monitoring system Expired - Fee Related CN103277091B (en)

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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103161448A (en) * 2013-03-13 2013-06-19 中国石油大学(华东) Diaphragm balanced floating body temperature sensor
CN103615231A (en) * 2013-11-18 2014-03-05 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 Synchronous on-line measurement device for steam-injection type oil well temperature, pressure and steam quality
CN103726833A (en) * 2013-12-10 2014-04-16 中国科学院力学研究所 Ground data collection system for capillary tube testing
CN105443093A (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-03-30 中国石油大学(北京) Combined well mouth testing device for polymer injection well and method thereof
CN105569623A (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-05-11 中国石油大学(北京) Combined wellhead testing device for injection well and combined wellhead testing method
CN106223935A (en) * 2016-09-05 2016-12-14 深圳市奈士迪技术研发有限公司 A kind of oil temperature for oil exploration monitors system
CN106437675A (en) * 2016-09-05 2017-02-22 广州市中潭空气净化科技有限公司 Oil well safety monitoring system for oil exploration
CN106522888A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-03-22 中国科学院力学研究所 Water and gas double-base driving discharge and mining system
CN107448191A (en) * 2016-05-30 2017-12-08 中国石油天然气集团公司 A kind of temperature and pressure synchronous monitoring system of coal bed gas well

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103161448A (en) * 2013-03-13 2013-06-19 中国石油大学(华东) Diaphragm balanced floating body temperature sensor
CN103615231A (en) * 2013-11-18 2014-03-05 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 Synchronous on-line measurement device for steam-injection type oil well temperature, pressure and steam quality
CN103615231B (en) * 2013-11-18 2016-04-27 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 The synchronous on-line measurement device of steam injection formula oil temperature, pressure, steam quality
CN103726833A (en) * 2013-12-10 2014-04-16 中国科学院力学研究所 Ground data collection system for capillary tube testing
CN105443093A (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-03-30 中国石油大学(北京) Combined well mouth testing device for polymer injection well and method thereof
CN105569623A (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-05-11 中国石油大学(北京) Combined wellhead testing device for injection well and combined wellhead testing method
CN105569623B (en) * 2015-12-16 2018-07-20 中国石油大学(北京) Well head combined measuring device and its method for water injection well
CN105443093B (en) * 2015-12-16 2018-07-17 中国石油大学(北京) Well head combined measuring device and its method for injection well
CN107448191A (en) * 2016-05-30 2017-12-08 中国石油天然气集团公司 A kind of temperature and pressure synchronous monitoring system of coal bed gas well
CN106437675A (en) * 2016-09-05 2017-02-22 广州市中潭空气净化科技有限公司 Oil well safety monitoring system for oil exploration
CN106223935A (en) * 2016-09-05 2016-12-14 深圳市奈士迪技术研发有限公司 A kind of oil temperature for oil exploration monitors system
CN106522888A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-03-22 中国科学院力学研究所 Water and gas double-base driving discharge and mining system
CN106522888B (en) * 2016-10-12 2018-09-18 中国科学院力学研究所 A kind of biradical driving mining system of aqueous vapor

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