CN103270874A - Ecological protection and cultivation method for desertification area asparagus - Google Patents

Ecological protection and cultivation method for desertification area asparagus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103270874A
CN103270874A CN2013101907596A CN201310190759A CN103270874A CN 103270874 A CN103270874 A CN 103270874A CN 2013101907596 A CN2013101907596 A CN 2013101907596A CN 201310190759 A CN201310190759 A CN 201310190759A CN 103270874 A CN103270874 A CN 103270874A
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asparagus
sand
cultivation method
ecological protection
colonization
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CN103270874B (en
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毛丽萍
马蓉丽
巫东堂
郭伟民
李改珍
乔宁
任君
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Vegetable Research Institute Of Shanxi Academy Of Agriculture Sciences
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Vegetable Research Institute Of Shanxi Academy Of Agriculture Sciences
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

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Abstract

The invention particularly relates to an ecological protection and cultivation method for desertification area asparagus. The ecological protection and cultivation method for the desertification area asparagus solves the problems that the prior mechanical sand-protecting barrier and biological sand fixation are poor in control effect, long in period, high in cost and poor in economic performance. The ecological protection and cultivation method for the desertification area asparagus is achieved according to the following steps that a, Purple Passion, Champion and Jinggang 701 varieties are selected and are used for raising seedlings in a plug substrate mode; b, ditching and colonization are conducted, the ditching depths are 20-25cm, fertilizer is not applied, the colonization density is 800-1000 plants/mu, the colonization depths are 15-20cm; c, the day when colonization is conducted, and two days later and six days later after colonization is conducted, the asparagus is watered once respectively, and small grass is left to keep a grass coverage rate on the ground; d, when the asparagus is harvested, 4-6 mother stems are always kept. The ecological protection and cultivation method for the desertification area asparagus plays a good role in preventing wind and fixing sand, capable of greatly shortening the period of wind preventing and sand fixing when being compared with plantation of shrub species, and capable of generating better economic benefits, increasing income of local peasants, and ensuring that wind speed reduces by 18-22% and the sand blocking function is 0.6-0.7.

Description

Desertify and distinguish the ecological protection cultivation method of asparagus
Technical field
The present invention relates to desertify and distinguish cultivation method, be specially the ecological protection cultivation method of a kind of district asparagus of desertifying.
Background technology
Soil desertifies and to refer to that good soil or available soil become the process that contains husky a lot of soil or soil even become the desert.Soil desertify main process be the wind erosion and the wind deposit process.In the surrounding area, desert, because vegetation deterioration or meadow heavy grazing or the reclamation of wasteland are the farmland, soil becomes dry because of dehydration, and grogs disperses, and is lost by wind, and fine particle content reduces.And at wind-force later or the location of weakening, the dust storm particle is piled up in upper soll layer gradually and soil is desertified.Therefore, the soil desertification comprises that the wind erosion process of grassland soil reaches the dust storm banking process in location far away.
China is desertified by soil in the world to endanger one of the most serious country.At present, national desertification area reaches more than 170 ten thousand square kilometres, accounts for about 18% of area.And the expansion rate that soil desertifies is fast, the developing state sternness, and soil desertifies and causes the slump of disastrous proportions of productivity of land, has aggravated Ecological environment worsening, becomes current great environment and social concern.
At present, the main following 2 kinds of methods of having checked winds and fixed drifting sand: fix the sand by engineering measure (1), and the most frequently used is that mechanical sand barrier fixes the sand.Mechanical sand barrier is as the in advance measure of tackling quicksand or independently fix the sand measure as the heavy sand damage district that plant is difficult to grow and be widely used vast husky district of China.But because of the difference of the material of mechanical sand barrier, specification, kind, also exist tangible problem in research and the application facet of mechanical sand barrier.Bury with sand as the wheat straw sand-protecting barrier of commonplace application in the practice is perishable, the branch vertical sand barrier then is subject to wind erosion and lodges, thereby make sand-protecting barrier ineffective, have in order to continue tackling quicksand carry out reseting of sand-protecting barrier, cause the waste of resources such as the increase of cost and human and material resources.Therefore, there is the impermanent and higher problem of cost of control efficiency in mechanical sand barrier.(2) fixing the sand by biological control measure, mainly is the plantation shelter belt.Vegetation can form protection to the face of land by number of ways; especially the deserta of desert edge has important function to the prevent desertification expansion; be tackling quicksand effective measures the most; but its construction period is long; the performance benefit is slow; can not satisfy highway to the rapidly requirement of control of sand damage, thereby normal and mechanical sand barrier uses jointly.Wherein, the seeds of desertifications such as plantation diversiform-leaved poplar woods, red building, sacsaoul, elm, pine tree, caragana microphylla, sea-buckthorn are more common sand consolidation with biologic methods, but the required cycle is long, deficiency in economic performance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention for solve existing machinery sand-protecting barrier and sand consolidation with biologic exist the cycle long, cost is high, the problem of deficiency in economic performance, provide a kind of desertify the district asparagus the ecological protection cultivation method.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: the ecological protection cultivation method of the district asparagus of desertifying, adopt following steps to realize: a, to select for use purple passion, champion, well ridge 701 kinds to carry out the cave disk base material to grow seedlings; B, carry out the ditching field planting, the ditching degree of depth is 20-25cm, does not apply fertilizer plantation density 800-1000 strain/mu, field planting degree of depth 15-20cm; C, field planting were respectively watered once the same day, the 3rd day, the 7th day, and stayed little grass to keep the ground coverage rate; D, stay 4-6 female stem when gathering all the time.
The trench digging degree of depth; choosing of plantation density, the degree of depth all is that test by a large amount of draws; choosing of this scope; the effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand is better; cost is also relatively low; be suitable ditch depth, the field planting degree of depth and the density range of ecological protection type asparagus cultivation, overcome the cycle that existing machinery sand-protecting barrier and sand consolidation with biologic exist long, cost is high, the problem of deficiency in economic performance.
The present invention plays and can play the effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand preferably, can reduce wind speed 18-22%, and resistance sand act as 0.6-0.7.Compare with the plantation shrub species, can shorten the cycle of checking winds and fixing drifting sand greatly, and can produce favorable economic benefit, increase local farmers' income.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The desertify ecological protection cultivation method of district asparagus adopts following steps to realize: a, to select for use purple passion kind to carry out the cave disk base material to grow seedlings; B, carry out the ditching field planting, the ditching degree of depth is 25cm, does not apply fertilizer plantation density 1000 strain/mus, field planting degree of depth 20cm; C, field planting were respectively watered once the same day, the 3rd day, the 7th day, and stayed little grass to keep the ground coverage rate; D, stay 6 female stems when gathering all the time.
Compare with blank plot, wind speed reduces by 22%, and roughness of ground surface significantly increases, and resistance sand act as 0.7, and the effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand is preferably arranged.
Embodiment 2
The desertify ecological protection cultivation method of district asparagus adopts following steps to realize: a, to select for use champion's kind to carry out the cave disk base material to grow seedlings; B, carry out the ditching field planting, the ditching degree of depth is 20cm, does not apply fertilizer plantation density 800 strain/mus, field planting degree of depth 15cm; C, field planting were respectively watered once the same day, the 3rd day, the 7th day, and stayed little grass to keep the ground coverage rate; D, stay 4 female stems when gathering all the time.
Compare with blank plot, wind speed reduces by 18%, and roughness of ground surface significantly increases, and resistance sand act as 0.6, and the effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand is preferably arranged.
Embodiment 3
The desertify ecological protection cultivation method of district asparagus adopts following steps to realize: a, to select for use well ridge 701 kinds to carry out the cave disk base material to grow seedlings; B, carry out the ditching field planting, the ditching degree of depth is 21cm, does not apply fertilizer plantation density 950 strain/mus, field planting degree of depth 19cm; C, field planting were respectively watered once the same day, the 3rd day, the 7th day, and stayed little grass to keep the ground coverage rate; D, stay 5 female stems when gathering all the time.
Compare with blank plot, wind speed reduces by 21%, and roughness of ground surface significantly increases, and resistance sand act as 0.63, and the effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand is preferably arranged.
In the specific implementation process, the asparagus breed selection is the result of 8 varietal yield tests.Variety comparative test is established 8 kinds (purple passion, Da Baoli, holy knight, well ridge 701, Glan moral, champion, Grace, Feng Teli), 3 repetitions; Line-spacing 1.2m, spacing in the rows 25cm; Zone leader 10m, wide 1.2m, residential quarter area 12 ㎡, the gross area 288 ㎡ are taken up an area of in test.The result of the test in 3 years shows that strong stress resistance, the product of purple passion, champion, well ridge 701 these 3 asparagus kinds are of fine quality, output is high, all suits to produce as ecological protection type asparagus in the district of desertifying.
The asparagus growth of seedling phase need keep rational soil temperature and humidity, and still, desertification district soil water-retaining is poor, fertility is low, difference variation is bigger, is not suitable for asparagus and grows seedlings.Therefore, adopt seedling medium to be very important.Conventional asparagus seedling-cultivating method is hindered root easily when lifting, seedling-slowing stage is long after the field planting, is unfavorable for growing of asparagus.And adopt point disk seedling growing to compare science.
In the seedling raising process, asparagus seeds scalds method for soaking seed with temperature to be handled, 25-30 ℃ of water seed soaking 48h, and wash seed 2 time with clear water every day.
Sowing after 25-28 ℃ of constant temperature vernalization 3-5d, the seed of 10-30% show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
With pack into cave dish of matrix, 1 seed of every bunch planting kind, on cover matrix 1-1.5cm.According to actual conditions, adopt the cave dish to pour water down or the cave dish is gone up and sprayed water.
Before emerging, keep 25-30 ℃ daytime, keep 15-18 ℃ night; Soil humidity keeps the 70-80% of matrix maximum water-holding capacity.
After emerging, day temperature keeps 25-28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature keeps more than 15 ℃, and soil humidity is advisable with " see dried see wet ".
When the 2nd terrestrial stem occurring, mend and to execute foliage fertilizer, once, before the field planting 5-7 days, that grows seedlings should strengthen day and night temperature with adopting protection, progressively adapts to the ambient temperature condition about per 2 weeks.
General production with asparagus field planting ditch depth 30-40cm, and execute a large amount of fertilizers and make base manure.Among the present invention ecological protection type asparagus cultivation method adopt 20-25cm ditch depth, do not apply fertilizer, be in order to stress ecological benefits, to save cost of investment.
General plantation density of producing with asparagus is 2000-2800 strain/mu.In the ecological protection type asparagus cultivation process, mainly considering to check winds and fix drifting sand effect and cost of investment, is auxilliary with economic benefit, and under the effect same case of checking winds and fixing drifting sand, the least density investment is the most reasonable at least.Consider with cost of investment from checking winds and fixing drifting sand, the density of 800-1000 strain/mu, the effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand is better, and cost is also relatively low, is the Suitable Density scope of ecological protection type asparagus cultivation.
The general field planting degree of depth is 10-15cm, considers in the ecological protection type asparagus cultivation process, does not water substantially after surviving; among the present invention; field planting depth ratio conventional depth has increased 5cm, and this just can take full advantage of the moisture of deep soil, and the soil temperature that soil temperature changes than 0-10cm changes little.Adopt 10-15cm and these 2 kinds of degree of depth of 15-20cm to carry out field planting, do not rewater after surviving.Field planting 60d " Invest, Then Investigate ", the asparagus plant height of the 15-20cm field planting degree of depth is 37cm, has significantly increased 5cm than 10-15cm field planting degree of depth asparagus plant height, the strain width of cloth is corresponding increase also.
Field planting same day, field planting 3 days, field planting were respectively watered once in 7 days, did not rewater later on; But, do not have the situation of precipitation to water as continuous 30d.The poor water retention property of desertification ground soil in order to ensure the high-servival rate of bamboo shoot seedling, was watered once between the field planting same day and 7 days more.
Field planting was removed big grass in 1 year, stayed little grass to keep the ground coverage rate; 1 year according to circumstances can be no-tillage.In the ecological protection type asparagus cultivation, do not cultivate intensely, do not interplant yet, so 1 year needs stays little grass and keep the ground coverage rate, reduces the evaporation of surface water and scatters and disappears.But, remove big grass, in order to avoid big grass and asparagus competition for nutrients and moisture.1 year, asparagus began quick growth, as long as the growths of weeds can not keep weeds with the keen competition that asparagus produces nutrient and moisture, realized that asparagus and weeds protect the purpose of ecology jointly.
Adopt the mode of " Liu-Cai-Liu-Cai " to gather.In earlier stage (the 4-6 month), stay 4-6 female stem, later tender stem is gathered and is done the commodity bamboo shoot; Mid-term (the 7-8 month), stay 4-6 female stem, later tender stem is gathered.Different regions can suitably be adjusted according to weather conditions.
This picking methods has taken full advantage of local weather conditions, has reached the purpose of checking winds and fixing drifting sand, and also can obtain certain economic benefit.General antecedent precipitation is less, and asparagus inferior quality when not watering at this moment, is protected retain the stubble accumulation nutrient component, is used for checking winds and fixing drifting sand; After June, precipitation increases, and adopt bamboo shoot this moment, and the asparagus product are of fine quality, commodity good, high efficiency.After July, 4-6 female stem stayed in every strain, is used for checking winds and fixing drifting sand, and the tender stem that grows is again later on all gathered.Like this, when checking winds and fixing drifting sand, can reduce the mu stem number in the unit are on the one hand, reduce the generation of diseases such as stem wilt, on the other hand, because of fine quality, the later stage price height of asparagus product can significantly increase economic benefit.

Claims (1)

1. ecological protection cultivation method of district asparagus that desertifies is characterized in that: adopt following steps to realize: a, select for use purple passion, champion, well ridge 701 kinds to carry out the cave disk base material to grow seedlings; B, carry out the ditching field planting, the ditching degree of depth is 20-25cm, does not apply fertilizer plantation density 800-1000 strain/mu, field planting degree of depth 15-20cm; C, field planting were respectively watered once the same day, the 3rd day, the 7th day, and stayed little grass to keep the ground coverage rate; D, stay 4-6 female stem when gathering all the time.
CN201310190759.6A 2013-05-22 2013-05-22 Ecological protection and cultivation method for desertification area asparagus Active CN103270874B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103704100A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-04-09 浙江大学 Method for quickly culturing stools of asparagus officinalis, promoting germination of tender stems and cultivating same of asparagus officinalis

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101411285A (en) * 2008-12-02 2009-04-22 贾进东 Method for cultivating green asparagus with good quality and high yield
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CN102577824A (en) * 2012-03-17 2012-07-18 常熟市尚湖农业生态园有限公司 Method for cultivating asparaguses in North China

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103704100A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-04-09 浙江大学 Method for quickly culturing stools of asparagus officinalis, promoting germination of tender stems and cultivating same of asparagus officinalis

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