CN103264512A - 一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备及工艺 - Google Patents
一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备及工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103264512A CN103264512A CN2013102018611A CN201310201861A CN103264512A CN 103264512 A CN103264512 A CN 103264512A CN 2013102018611 A CN2013102018611 A CN 2013102018611A CN 201310201861 A CN201310201861 A CN 201310201861A CN 103264512 A CN103264512 A CN 103264512A
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- foam
- sandwich plate
- continuous production
- core material
- fiber
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002615 Epidermis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene (PE) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances 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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group 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[H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
- B29C48/11—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels comprising two or more partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. honeycomb-shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/91—Heating, e.g. for cross linking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/911—Cooling
- B29C48/9115—Cooling of hollow articles
- B29C48/912—Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films
- B29C48/913—Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films externally
Abstract
本发明公开了一种便于推广、操作简便、生产效率高，能够实现工业化连续生产的泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备，包括依次连接的泡沫成型装置、夹层板成型装置、牵引装置和切割装置；所述泡沫成型装置包括加料搅拌系统、挤出成型系统和加热冷却系统；所述夹层板成型装置包括泡沫表面处理系统、芯材初步定位装置、纤维浸胶装置、导向模具和加热模具，所述泡沫表面处理系统与泡沫成型装置的加热冷却系统连接，芯材的运行路线上依次设有芯材初步定位装置、导向模具和加热模具，复合材料纤维的运行路线上依次设有纤维浸胶装置和加热模具。本发明还公开了一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产工艺。
Description
一种泡沬芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备及工艺技术领域[0001] 本发明涉及一种新型复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备及工艺，尤其涉及一种采用泡沫作为夹芯材料的夹层板制造设备及工艺，具体地说是一种将泡沫的发泡工艺引入到现有的拉挤生产线中，能够很好的解决芯材的续接问题，生产效率高、可设计性强，可实现工业化连续生产。背景技术[0002] 复合材料夹层结构作为一种新型结构形式，因具有质量轻、比强高、易于加工和改型、耐腐蚀、可设计性强等优点已经被广泛应用于建筑、交通、舰船、航天航空等领域。在复合材料夹层结构中，聚合物泡沫是一种最常见的芯材。由于泡沫加工生产较为简单，主要采用发泡的原理，目前主要应用的生产方法主要有挤出法，注射法，浇铸法，吹塑法等。然而市场上应用的泡沫板的规格较少，在进行拉挤工艺前需要将泡沫芯材进行切割，会产生较多的废料，很难直接应用到拉挤工艺中夹层板不同尺寸要求的生产。[0003] 在拉挤工艺下泡沫夹层板力学性能方面，由于泡沫芯材在连接处不连续，又泡沫本身的强度较低，故夹层板在芯材连接处的力学性能也较差。在工程实际应用中往往拉挤出来的产品选择在不连续处切开，从而减小了夹层板的尺寸；或者通过植入一些附加的刚性或半刚性连接件，但这种方法将使工艺变得较为复杂，且在共固化中连接件与面层的界面问题也难以保证。[0004] 拉挤工艺作为一种生产效率高，产品质量稳定的夹层板生产工艺，对于泡沫夹层板芯材的续接一直是人们关注的一个问题。而泡沫的生产工艺中，挤出成型工艺作为泡沫塑料成型加工的主要方法之一，其最为突出的优点即为连续化生产，并且一台机器可以通过更换机头生产不同规格的产品。故将其引入到泡沫夹层结构的拉挤生产线中能够很好的解决芯材的续接问题，具有广阔的应用前景。发明内容[0005] 本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种便于推广、操作简便、生产效率高，能够实现工业化连续生产的泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的生产设备及工艺。[0006] 本发明采用的技术方案为:一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备，包括依次连接的泡沫成型装置、夹层板成型装置、牵引装置和切割装置；[0007] 所述泡沫成型装置包括加料搅拌系统、挤出成型系统和加热冷却系统，所述加料搅拌系统与挤出成型系统连接，挤出成型系统与加热冷却系统连接；[0008] 所述夹层板成型装置包括泡沫表面处理系统、芯材初步定位装置、纤维浸胶装置、导向模具和加热模具，所述泡沫表面处理系统与泡沫成型装置的加热冷却系统连接，芯材的运行路线上依次设有芯材初步定位装置、导向模具和加热模具，复合材料纤维的运行路线上依次设有纤维浸胶装置和加热模具。[0009] 作为优选，所述挤出成型系统的挤出机包括单螺杆与双螺杆结构，挤出机机筒包括沟槽式、光滑式中的一种，桶壁上分有或者无排气段。[0010] 作为优选，所述的一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备，其特征在于:所述挤出成型系统的挤出机机头形式包括中间带肋的网格结构或者无肋的单一中空结构，其内部截面形状为矩形、梯形、圆形、椭圆形、环形、“L”形、“I”形、“T”形、“U”形中的一种。[0011] 作为优选，所述牵引装置为电动双履带，带有凹凸印纹的双皮带，或者交替式液压式牵引机中的一种。[0012] 作为优选，所述泡沫表面处理系统主要是对于面层进行开槽处理，包括由电动机控制的开槽机。[0013] 一种利用上述泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备的工艺，包括以下步骤:[0014] I)将原料和发泡剂以及各种助剂在从泡沫成型装置的加料搅拌系统注入，并完成混合，进行高速搅拌；[0015] 2)通过传动系统，在挤出成型系统中实现初步塑化和输送，这里要求主机的螺杆长径要足够大，经由挤出成型系统的挤出机机头，泡沫在此完成发泡、成型，并形成不同要求的表皮；[0016] 3)泡沫通过加热冷却系统充分固化成型，通过泡沫表面处理系统进行纵横向表面开槽处理，泡沫穿过芯材初步定位装置；[0017] 4)在纤维浸胶装置内放置树脂，复合材料纤维通过纤维浸胶装置，与泡沫一起穿过导向模具，进入加热模具，在加热区充分固化；[0018] 5)最后通过牵引装置将固化成型的夹层板向外拉出，通过切割装置得到需要的包括面层和泡沫芯材的夹层板。[0019] 作为优选，所述复合材料纤维选用碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、混杂纤维中的至少一种，且纤维为单向纤维束，双向或者多向纤维布中的一种，所述树脂选用不饱和聚酯、邻苯树脂、乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂、无机树脂或热塑性树脂材料中的至少一种。[0020] 作为优选，所述泡沫芯材为聚乙烯泡沫、聚丙烯泡沫、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯泡沫、聚氯乙烯泡沫、碳泡沫、PEI泡沫、PMI泡沫中的一种。[0021] 本发明包括泡沫成型和夹层板成型两大工艺模块；所述泡沫成型工艺模块包括泡沫发泡、挤出成型、加热冷却等工艺流程，采用泡沫连续化挤出成型设备生产；所述夹层板成型工艺模块包括芯材与纤维的预处理、高温固化成型、板材产品后处理等工艺流程，主要采用夹层板连续化拉挤成型设备生产。[0022] 本发明相比现有技术有如下优点:[0023] 1、本发明泡沫的发泡挤出工艺能为拉挤泡沫夹层板工艺直接提供芯材，泡沫生产一次成型，无需二次加工，生产过程大大简化；[0024] 2、本发明泡沫的发泡挤出工艺泡沫生产的形状与尺寸可以根据实际拉挤夹层板需求自行调节，可设计性强；[0025] 3、本发明的拉挤夹层板无需考虑芯材的续接问题，且夹层板的质量稳定，无相对薄弱的连接部位；[0026] 4、本发明的泡沫挤出工艺生产对于相对简单泡沫形状可以连续、高速挤出，与拉挤工艺的连续化生产相一致， 生产效率高。附图说明[0027] 图1为本发明泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备示意图；[0028] 图2-8为本发明夹层板的各种截面示意图。具体实施方式[0029] 下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。[0030] 如图1所示:一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备，包括依次连接的泡沫成型装置1、夹层板成型装置2、牵引装置12和切割装置13 ；[0031] 所述泡沫成型装置I包括加料搅拌系统5、挤出成型系统6和加热冷却系统7，所述加料搅拌系统5与挤出成型系统6连接，挤出成型系统6与加热冷却系统7连接；[0032] 所述夹层板成型装置2包括泡沫表面处理系统3、芯材初步定位装置15、纤维浸胶装置9、导向模具10和加热模具11，所述泡沫表面处理系统3与泡沫成型装置I的加热冷却系统7连接，芯材的运行路线上依次设有芯材初步定位装置15、导向模具10和加热模具11，复合材料纤维8的运行路线上依次设有纤维浸胶装置9和加热模具11。[0033] 所述挤出成型系统6的挤出机包括单螺杆与双螺杆结构,挤出机机筒包括沟槽式、光滑式中的一种，桶壁上分有或者无排气段。所述挤出成型系统6的挤出机机头18内部截面形状为矩形、梯形、圆形、椭圆形、环形、“L”形、“I”形、“T”形、“U”形中的一种，其结构形式包括中间带肋的网格结构或者无肋的单一中空结构。[0034] 所述牵引装置12为电动双履带，带有凹凸印纹的双皮带，或者交替式液压式牵引机中的一种。所述泡沫表面处理系统3主要是对于面层进行开槽处理，包括由电动机控制的开槽机14。[0035] 一种利用上述泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备的工艺，包括以下步骤:[0036] I)将原料和发泡剂以及各种助剂在从泡沫成型装置I的加料搅拌系统5注入，并完成混合,进行高速搅拌；[0037] 2)通过传动系统4在挤出成型系统6中实现初步塑化和输送，这里要求主机的螺杆长径要足够大，经由挤出成型系统6的挤出机机头18，泡沫在此完成发泡、成型，并形成不同要求的表皮；机头出口模压力要足够高且可以调节，各通道不得有死角，需要模具进出口有圆角且需要光滑；[0038] 3)泡沫通过加热冷却系统7充分固化成型，通过泡沫表面处理系统3进行纵横向表面开槽处理，泡沫穿过芯材初步定位装置15 ；[0039] 4)在纤维浸胶装置9内放置树脂，复合材料纤维8通过纤维浸胶装置9，与泡沫一起穿过导向模具10，进入加热模具11，在加热区充分固化；[0040] 5)最后通过牵引装置12将固化成型的夹层板向外拉出，通过切割装置13得到需要的包括面层16和泡沫芯材17的夹层板。[0041] 所述复合材料纤维8选用碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、混杂纤维中的至少一种，且纤维为单向纤维束，双向或者多向纤维布中的一种，所述树脂选用不饱和聚酯、邻苯树脂、乙烯基树 脂、环氧树脂、无机树脂或热塑性树脂材料中的至少一种。所述泡沫芯材17为聚乙烯泡沫、聚丙烯泡沫、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯泡沫、聚氯乙烯泡沫、碳泡沫、PEI泡沫、PMI泡沫中的一种。[0042] 如图2-8为本发明包括面层16和泡沫芯材17的夹层板的各种截面示意图，其中图3、6、8还包括腹板19。[0043] 应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分·均可用现有技术加以实现。
Claims (8)
1.一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备，其特征在于:包括依次连接的泡沫成型装置、夹层板成型装置、牵引装置和切割装置； 所述泡沫成型装置包括加料搅拌系统、挤出成型系统和加热冷却系统，所述加料搅拌系统与挤出成型系统连接，挤出成型系统与加热冷却系统连接； 所述夹层板成型装置包括泡沫表面处理系统、芯材初步定位装置、纤维浸胶装置、导向模具和加热模具，所述泡沫表面处理系统与泡沫成型装置的加热冷却系统连接，芯材的运行路线上依次设有芯材初步定位装置、导向模具和加热模具，复合材料纤维的运行路线上依次设有纤维浸胶装置和加热模具。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备，其特征在于:所述挤出成型系统的挤出机包括单螺杆与双螺杆结构，挤出机机筒包括沟槽式、光滑式中的一种，桶壁上 分有或者无排气段。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备，其特征在于:所述挤出成型系统的挤出机机头形式包括中间带肋的网格结构或者无肋的单一中空结构，其内部截面形状为矩形、梯形、圆形、椭圆形、环形、“L”形、“I”形、“T”形、“U”形中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备,其特征在于:所述牵引装置为电动双履带，带有凹凸印纹的双皮带，或者交替液压式牵引机中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备，其特征在于:所述泡沫表面处理系统包括由电动机控制的开槽机。
6.一种利用上述权利要求1、2、3、4或5泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产设备的工艺，其特征在于:包括以下步骤: O将原料和发泡剂以及各种助剂在从泡沫成型装置的加料搅拌系统注入，并完成混合，进行高速搅拌； 2)通过传动系统，在挤出成型系统中实现初步塑化和输送，经由挤出成型系统的挤出机机头，泡沫在此完成发泡、成型，并形成不同要求的表皮； 3)泡沫通过加热冷却系统充分固化成型，通过泡沫表面处理系统进行纵横向表面开槽处理，泡沫穿过芯材初步定位装置； 4)在纤维浸胶装置内放置树脂，复合材料纤维通过纤维浸胶装置，与泡沫一起穿过导向模具，进入加热模具，在加热区充分固化； 5)最后通过牵引装置将固化成型的夹层板向外拉出，通过切割装置得到需要的包括面层和泡沫芯材的夹层板。
7.根据权利要求6所述的泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产工艺，其特征在于:所述复合材料纤维选用碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、混杂纤维中的至少一种，且纤维为单向纤维束，双向或者多向纤维布中的一种，所述树脂选用不饱和聚酯、邻苯树月旨、乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂、无机树脂或热塑性树脂材料中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求6所述的泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的连续化生产工艺，其特征在于:所述泡沫芯材为聚乙烯泡沫、聚丙烯泡沫、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯泡沫、聚氯乙烯泡沫、碳泡沫、PEI泡沫、PMI泡沫中的一种。
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| CN105682905A (zh) * | 2013-10-30 | 2016-06-15 | 赢创罗姆有限公司 | 具有泡沫芯的夹芯构造类型的型材的连续制造和硬质泡沫填充的型材 |
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| CN107073843A (zh) * | 2014-10-27 | 2017-08-18 | 赢创罗姆有限公司 | 以连续工艺大批量制造多个不同的纤维复合构件 |
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| CN106827458A (zh) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-06-13 | 浙江正基塑业有限公司 | 一种耐折板材的生产设备 |
| CN109795935A (zh) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-24 | 江苏创曦复合材料科技有限公司 | 一种夹芯多格结构板及其制备方法 |
| CN109263089A (zh) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-25 | 深圳市牧世复材科技有限公司 | 一种通过纤维增强树脂拉挤工艺制备夹芯型材的方法及所得型材 |
| CN109501318A (zh) * | 2018-11-24 | 2019-03-22 | 浙江中科恒泰新材料科技有限公司 | 一种采用pmi泡沫夹芯的异型材拉压工艺 |
| CN109501318B (zh) * | 2018-11-24 | 2021-07-27 | 浙江中科恒泰新材料科技有限公司 | 一种采用pmi泡沫夹芯的异型材拉压工艺 |
| CN113172907A (zh) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-07-27 | 中国石化集团胜利石油管理局有限公司电力分公司 | 一种碳纤维复合材料低导线芯挤拉工艺 |
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