CN103242928A - 生物质煤的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种生物质煤的制造方法,用于将油棕果的中果肉榨油后的残留纤维经预干步骤、削切步骤、造粒步骤、干燥步骤,及碳化步骤后制得具有较高热值、易于保存的生物质煤;该预干步骤降低残留纤维的含水率至不高于25%后制得第一纤维,该削切步骤对第一纤维进行削切而缩减第一纤维的长度后得到较细短的第二纤维,该造粒步骤控制第二纤维所含水分再以压制成形的方式将第二纤维制成短纤颗粒,该干燥步骤降低短纤颗粒的含水率至小于10%,该碳化步骤则将含水率小于10%的短纤颗粒在碳化温度不高于300℃下进行低温碳化处理后制得该生物质煤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃煤的制造方法,特别涉及一种生物质煤的制造方法。
背景技术
对于炼钢厂或一些大型工厂来说,厂中发电锅炉的燃煤用量需求非常可观,但是煤炭等石化燃料在燃烧时会大量排放造成温室效应的气体-二氧化碳(CO2)而引起全球暖化的现象,于是,在环保意识抬头的今天,寻找可代替石化燃料而用于发电锅炉用的绿色能源,以期减少地球碳循环中二氧化碳的总量已成为一个重要的课题。
现今,常见的绿色能源便是生物质能(Biomass)的利用,将一般植物或经济作物如芒草、柳木、麦、稷、麻、玉米、甘蔗和棕榈树等等不能食用、或是残留废弃的植物纤维转换为燃料,最简单的方式便是例如直接燃烧得到热能。因为植物进行光合作用将大气中的二氧化碳吸收、转化成有机物质,而有机物质在植物死亡或被氧化(如燃烧)后会再以二氧化碳的形式回归大气层,该循环相对的所需的时间较短,而用作燃料的植物可以很快地不断地重复种植替代,因此使用生物质能作为燃料依然可以维持大气中碳含量的水平,而减缓温室效应。
但是,一般未处理过的植物纤维直接燃烧所得到的能量(即热值,常用单位是单位质量的能量含量,如Cal/g)比不上石化燃料(如煤炭)所释放的能量,且容易吸收大气环境中的水气而腐坏,因此不易储存、运输,所以,大部分都是将其直接燃烧使用,或是燃烧后作为灰肥使用而无法大量用于工厂中的发电锅炉,所以植物生物质能的应用依然无法经济地普及于工业燃料中。
综上所述,如何将植物纤维经过处理后转换为可代替传统燃煤的生物质煤(Bio-coal)而又能适用于业界的大量生产,还有待开发研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高热值、易于保存的生物质煤的制造方法。
本发明生物质煤的制造方法,用以将棕榈树大量生产的油棕果的中果肉榨油后的残留纤维转变为生物质煤,包含预干步骤、削切步骤、造粒步骤、干燥步骤,及碳化步骤。
该预干步骤降低残留纤维的含水率至不高于25%,并在降低水分后得到含水率不高于25%的第一纤维。
该削切步骤将所制得的第一纤维进行削切而缩减第一纤维的长度,并在削切后得到较细短的第二纤维。
该造粒步骤控制第二纤维中水分含量而调整第二纤维的含水率,并接着进行压制成形使第二纤维形成短纤颗粒。
该干燥步骤降低短纤颗粒的含水率至小于10%。
该碳化步骤将含水率小于10%的短纤颗粒在碳化温度不高于300℃下进行低温碳化处理而制得该生物质煤。
本发明所述生物质煤的制造方法的目的及解决背景技术问题还可以采用以下技术手段进一步实现。
较佳的,该削切步骤中将第一纤维切至短于5mm的长度。
较佳的,该造粒步骤中先将第二纤维的含水率调整至30%,再以蒸气加温至140℃下压制形成短纤颗粒。
较佳的,该造粒步骤中利用高压环模机具压制该第二纤维而形成直径6mm,且长度为10mm的短纤颗粒。
较佳的,该造粒步骤中所制得的短纤颗粒的含水率在17~20%之间。
较佳的,该碳化步骤中将短纤颗粒在温度250~300℃下进行低温碳化处理30分钟而制得该生物质煤。
较佳的,该干燥步骤控制在温度150℃下对该短纤颗粒进行含水率的控制。
本发明的有益效果在于:将原本不利储存、热值低的植物纤维,也就是油棕果的中果肉榨油后的残留纤维经过一连串的预干步骤、削切步骤、造粒步骤、干燥步骤,及碳化步骤的处理程序,将残留纤维处理制成耐储存、热值高的生物质煤以代替目前所使用的石化燃煤、改善因大气中碳含量的增加而日趋严重的温室效应问题。
附图说明
图1是流程图,说明本发明的生物质煤的制造方法的一个较佳实施例。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明进行详细说明:
本发明生物质煤的制造方法是利用棕榈树所产的油棕果的中果肉纤维制作,棕榈树是东南亚大量种植的高经济价值作物,年产大量的油棕果,而油棕果的中果肉与果仁均含丰富油脂,榨取中果肉所含的油脂处理后便能制作出一般熟知的棕榈油。但榨完油后的中果肉的大量残留纤维通常都成为废弃物,或是燃烧后做为灰肥使用,利用价值不高,因此本发明生物质煤的制造方法使用年产量大、原料来源稳定的油棕果的中果肉残留纤维作为生物质煤的料源,而足以应付工厂中发电锅炉所需的大量燃煤。
参阅图1,本发明生物质煤的制造方法的较佳实施例包含预干步骤11、削切步骤12、造粒步骤13、干燥步骤14,及碳化步骤15。
首先,进行该预干步骤11,降低残留纤维的含水率至不高于25%。因为榨油后的中果肉的残留纤维中的含水率高达40%以上,含水率过高时将无法顺利进行下一步的制程处理且容易腐化、不利储存;但,若将残留纤维完全干燥,在该造粒步骤时又需添加一定的水分进行造粒,不仅在干燥时能源的消耗较多,后续要再增添水分,而导致整体制程成本上的增加,所以,由后续制程的评估与计算后得到此较佳的水分含量;所以,将残留纤维中的含水率由原先的40%左右降低至不高于25%,而将残留纤维转变为含水率不高于25%的第一纤维。
接着,进行该削切步骤12,将第一纤维进行削切而缩减第一纤维的长度。针对纤维大小特别说明的是,大部分的植物纤维属于纤维长度较长的长纤维(例如木材),因此必须将长纤维磨成细粉才能进行造粒的处理,而本发明所用的油棕果的中果肉属于纤维长度较短的短纤维,尤其经干燥后的短纤维其特性易碎,所以含水率低于25%的第一纤维不需进行研磨制成粉末,而利用制程能源消耗较小的削切方式,将第一纤维切至如本实施例中小于5mm的长度而得到较细短的第二纤维,便能顺利进行后续的造粒步骤13。
该造粒步骤13则是先将较细短的第二纤维进行水分的调整,在本实施例中,使第二纤维的含水率控制在30%,同时以蒸气加温至140℃后,再经高压环模机具设定粒径大小而造出本实施例中直径6mm、长度10mm的短纤颗粒。在此补充说明的是,水分以及温度的控制能使第二纤维中的木质素软化,在造粒时做为粘结剂起到粘结作用而在压制时顺利形成所需求大小的短纤颗粒。
其次,进行该干燥步骤14,经该造粒步骤13后制得的短纤颗粒的含水率约在17~20%之间,因此需要降低含水率至小于10%以利进行后续的碳化步骤15,且碳化前的短纤颗粒的含水率会影响到产气的热值高低,因此,干燥步骤14中对短纤颗粒的含水率控制十分重要;而在本实施例中的干燥处理方式是将短纤颗粒在150℃的高温下烘干使水分减少、含水率降低。
最后,该碳化步骤15将含水率小于10%的短纤颗粒在碳化温度不高于300℃下,以预定时间进行碳化处理而制得最后产品-具有高热值且易于保存的生物质煤。特别的是,本发明中的碳化步骤15是温度低于300℃的低温碳化制程,较佳的是在250~300℃,更佳的是在280~300℃下进行碳化处理30分钟。须另外说明的是,本发明中所使用的生物质能原料(油棕果的中果肉)属于短纤维,其木质素的含量远低于木材等木本植物的含量,虽然木本植物一般使用高温进行碳化处理,但本发明中的短纤颗粒若经高温碳化,不仅无法得到高热值的生物质煤,反而会降低所制造的生物质煤产率,因此,本发明的生物质煤的制造方法中,该碳化步骤15必须以不高于300℃的温度进行,才能制得具有高热值、产率佳的生物质煤。
参阅下表,是本发明以油棕果的中果肉所制得的生物质煤与传统煤炭的成分及热值的比较,由表中数据可明显看到,经过本发明的生物质煤的制造方法所制得的生物质煤,其热值(5710Cal/g)与石化燃料的煤炭热值(5740Cal/g)相近,而原本未经过本发明处理的油棕果的中果肉榨油后的残留纤维的热值(2460Cal/g)甚至不到本发明生物质煤的一半热值,因此本发明的生物质煤的制造方法的确可以将原本热值低的植物纤维转变为高热值、且具经济价值可用于发电锅炉的燃料源。
本发明的生物质煤的制造方法先依据整体制程的处理考量将原水分高的残留纤维降低至含水率25%以下,而节省处理过程中的能源消耗,及后续水分的耗用;接着再针对本发明所使用的油棕果的中果肉的短纤维特性设计出利用削切替代以往将纤维进行的研磨成粉的程序,也能大幅降低研磨所耗费的大量电力能源;再来经该造粒步骤、干燥步骤制成具有预定含水率、粒径大小的短纤颗粒,并进行低温下的碳化步骤而能将原本的残留纤维转换为热值接近于石化燃煤的生物质煤,且所制得的生物质煤不易腐化、体积小利于运储,加上其原料来源-棕榈树的油棕果是高经济价值的作物,每年均有大量产出以制造棕榈油,因此本发明所使用的榨油后的油棕果的中果肉的残留纤维料源量多、稳定,因此,本发明的生物质煤的制造方法所制得的生物质煤可取代传统的石化燃煤而满足于工厂中发电锅炉的大量使用。
综上所述,本发明的生物质煤的制造方法,利用该预干步骤11、削切步骤12、造粒步骤13、干燥步骤14,及该碳化步骤15所串接的制程流程,将油棕果的中果肉榨油后、废弃的残留纤维处理加工而制成有高热值、体积小且利于储存的生物质煤,不仅具备资源再利用的优点,且又能代替原本会大量增加大气中二氧化碳含量的石化燃煤、减缓温室效应,所以确实能达成本发明的目的。
Claims (7)
1.一种生物质煤的制造方法,用以将油棕果的中果肉榨油后的残留纤维转变为生物质煤,包含预干步骤、削切步骤、造粒步骤、干燥步骤、碳化步骤,其特征在于,所述预干步骤降低残留纤维的含水率至不高于25%,并在降低水分后得到含水率不高于25%的第一纤维;所述削切步骤将所制得的第一纤维进行削切而缩减第一纤维的长度,并在削切后得到较细短的第二纤维;所述造粒步骤控制第二纤维中水分含量而调整第二纤维的含水率,并接着进行压制成形将第二纤维制成短纤颗粒;所述干燥步骤降低短纤颗粒的含水率至小于10%;和
所述碳化步骤将含水率小于10%的短纤颗粒在碳化温度不高于300℃下进行低温碳化处理而制得所述生物质煤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物质煤的制造方法,其特征在于,所述削切步骤中将第一纤维切至短于5mm的长度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生物质煤的制造方法,其特征在于,所述造粒步骤中先将第二纤维的含水率调整至30%,再以蒸气加温至140℃下压制形成短纤颗粒。
4.根据权利要求3所述的生物质煤的制造方法,其特征在于,所述造粒步骤中利用高压环模机具压制所述第二纤维而形成直径6mm,且长度为10mm的短纤颗粒。
5.根据权利要求4所述的生物质煤的制造方法,其特征在于,所述造粒步骤中所制得的短纤颗粒的含水率在17~20%之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的生物质煤的制造方法,其特征在于,所述碳化步骤中将短纤颗粒在温度250~300℃下进行低温碳化处理30分钟而制得所述生物质煤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的生物质煤的制造方法,其特征在于,所述干燥步骤控制在温度150℃下对所述短纤颗粒进行含水率的控制。
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CN106190202A (zh) * | 2016-09-23 | 2016-12-07 | 张利亚 | 一种喷粉锅炉用生物质炭粉的制备方法及生物质炭粉 |
CN106190416A (zh) * | 2016-09-23 | 2016-12-07 | 河南省博顿生物质转化技术研究院 | 一种生物质炭燃料 |
WO2023135445A1 (zh) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-20 | 钟永康 | 生物煤的制作方法 |
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