CN103234470A - Equivalent experimental simulation device of tapered roller lubrication conditions and measurement method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is an experimental method for simulating the equivalent lubricating working conditions of tapered roller bearings. In the experiment, the contact of the tapered rollers with the glass disc simulates the contact of the rollers of the tapered roller bearing with the raceway. A stepped hole is machined inside the tapered roller, which is connected with the roller drive shaft by screws and rotates together with it, and the glass disc is connected with the glass disc drive shaft and rotates with it. When the tapered roller and the glass disk move with each other, the moving state is magnified by the microscope and collected on the computer to obtain an interference image. The oil film thickness measurement can be realized by using the light interference principle, so as to further analyze the lubrication state of the tapered roller bearing.

Description

Equivalent experimental simulation device and measurement method for tapered roller lubrication conditions

technical field

The present invention relates to the field of measurement of fluid lubricating oil film, more specifically, the present invention relates to the method for measuring the thickness of oil film including light interferometry. get the oil film thickness.

Background technique

In practical engineering, gear transmission and rolling bearings are widely used. The lubricating performance of these parts in the working process is the main factor affecting their performance and life. The oil film thickness is an important parameter considered in its design, but its measurement is difficult. Among them, the helical gear transmission is equivalent to the reverse contact of a pair of tapered rollers at each meshing instant. In the case of large axial force, tapered roller bearings are widely used, and the contact between each tapered roller and the raceway is also a finite-length line contact problem. In the late 1940s, Ertel and Grubin conducted a fruitful analysis of the line contact problem under the premise of considering the elastic deformation of the surface and the viscous pressure effect of lubricating oil. In the 1960s, Dowson and Higginson published systematic calculation results for isothermal contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication problems using computers and numerical analysis. In the basic research field of lubrication theory, researchers tend to use the most concise mathematical model to respond to more complex lubrication problems and reveal the lubrication mechanism. Therefore, the contact mode between the helical gear meshing and the roller and the bearing raceway is equivalent to the contact between the roller and the plane. This model can well simulate the lubrication state when the roller and the raceway are in contact, as shown in Figure 1. There have been many meaningful results on the theoretical and numerical calculations of this model, so it is necessary to develop some experimental models to verify the calculated results.

Compared with the ball-pack point contact model, since the contact area of this model is a long line, it is difficult to realize the complete contact between the tapered roller and the plane. This experimental device is based on the contact model of the tapered roller and the plane, which can complete the bearing operation Therefore, it is of great significance for experimental research and practical engineering.

Contents of the invention

Provide an equivalent test simulation device and measurement method for the lubrication conditions of tapered roller bearings and other parts, which can directly observe the motion state of the tapered roller when it is in contact with the plane, and measure and analyze the lubrication state of the lubricating oil film at the same time. Provide experimental data with engineering technology improvements.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is an equivalent experimental simulation device for the lubrication conditions of tapered roller bearings, which includes tapered rollers, contact parts that are in contact with tapered rollers, and are used to support tapered rollers. The roller support unit, and the tapered roller driving unit for driving the tapered roller to rotate, the tapered roller driving unit includes a motor, a wedge and a flexible coupling, and the output shaft of the motor passes through the flexible coupling To drive the tapered roller, the motor is connected to the roller support unit through the wedge, the inclination angle of the wedge is substantially the same as the half cone angle of the tapered roller, so that the tapered roller The child maintains line contact with the contact member during rotation.

The above-mentioned equivalent experimental simulation device for the lubrication condition of the tapered roller bearing also includes a workbench, the tapered roller drive unit includes a supporting plate arranged on the working platform, and the motor is mounted on the supporting plate through a motor bracket.

The contact part in contact with the tapered roller is a glass disc, which is driven to rotate by the contact part drive unit.

The contact member driving unit for driving the contact member includes an outer sleeve fixed on the worktable, and a main shaft for driving the contact member to rotate is arranged inside the outer sleeve. The main shaft is positioned inside the outer sleeve through two pairs of back-to-back angular contact ball bearings.

The roller support unit includes a bearing supporting the tapered roller, the bearing is installed on the bearing shaft, and the bearing shaft is installed on the bearing rod. There is a threaded hole on the cylindrical surface of the upper part of the bearing rod, and the bearing shaft is processed with threads to be connected with the threaded hole.

The output shaft of the motor is connected to the rotary shaft through a flexible coupling to drive the tapered rollers to rotate, to compensate for machining and installation errors, and to automatically adapt to changes in the axial position of the tapered rollers caused by deformation after loading to achieve a complete line contact. The rotary shaft is connected to the tapered rollers through screws, the end surface of the shaft is processed with threaded holes, and the tapered rollers are processed with stepped holes.

The above-mentioned equivalent experimental simulation device for the lubrication condition of the tapered roller bearing further includes a loading unit connected to the roller support unit, and the loading unit includes a loading screw for applying an adjustable load to the contact parts.

The above-mentioned equivalent experimental simulation device for the lubrication condition of the tapered roller bearing also includes an optical measurement unit for measuring the thickness of the oil film in the contact between the tapered roller and the contact part. The optical measurement unit includes a microscope bracket fixed on the workbench. Two translation stages are set on the microscope bracket to realize the movement of the microscope in the horizontal plane. The translation stage is equipped with a focusing handwheel for adjusting the focal length of the microscope. The microscope is connected to a CCD for After the interference image is collected on the computer, the microscope lens is aligned with the line contact position.

A measurement method for the above-mentioned experimental device, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preliminary step, wherein the tapered roller is sized and connected to the tapered roller drive unit, the tapered roller is brought into contact with the contact part, and the contact part is loaded to the desired load without the motor being energized;

(2) the step of adjusting the contact member, wherein the contact member is rotated at a first rotational speed, and the adjustment is made to stabilize the applied load;

(3) The driving step, wherein one or both of the driving contact member and the tapered roller rotate at a second rotational speed, the second rotational speed being greater than the first rotational speed;

(4) Measurement and analysis step, in which the image of the contact part between the tapered roller and the contact part is collected, and the image is analyzed to obtain the oil film thickness of the contact part under different working conditions.

The present invention has following main function and beneficial effect:

The tapered roller and plane contact model is used to simulate the running state of the tapered roller bearing. By observing the lubrication state when the two are in contact, the oil film interference diagram under different loads, speeds, and slip-to-roll ratio conditions is obtained, such as Figure 7, and according to the interference Calculate the thickness of the oil film and analyze the lubrication state, which is convenient for comparison with the theoretical calculation data. Through the flexible connection design of the roller and the motor, it is convenient and easy to realize complete line contact when the tapered roller contacts the plane.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the general description of the invention given above and the detailed description of the embodiment(s) given below, serve for explanation Principle of the invention. in:

Figure 1 is an equivalent model diagram of the contact between the tapered roller and the bearing raceway;

2 is a perspective view of an embodiment including a tapered roller bearing equivalent experimental simulator according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a roller drive unit;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the connection between the roller drive motor and the roller rotary shaft;

5 is a cross-sectional view of a glass disk drive unit;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a tapered roller support unit;

Fig. 7 is the oil film light interference diagram when the tapered roller contacts the glass disk in the example of the present invention

Detailed ways

Referring to Fig. 2, the equivalent experimental simulation device of the tapered roller bearing lubrication condition of the present embodiment includes a workbench 1, on which a tapered roller drive unit 2 and a glass disk drive unit 3 are arranged, and the tapered roller drive unit drives The tapered roller 23 rotates, the tapered roller 23 is supported by the roller supporting unit 4, the roller supporting unit 4 is connected to the loading unit 5, and the contact part of the tapered roller 23 and the glass disk 31 is matched with the optical measuring unit 6.

With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 and 4, roller drive unit 2 comprises the supporting plate 21 that is arranged on the table top of workbench 1, and one end of supporting plate 21 is provided with the handwheel 22 that controls supporting plate to move, and the middle part of supporting plate 21 is fixed with The motor 26 is connected to the rotary shaft 24 through a flexible coupling 29, and the rotary shaft 24 drives the tapered roller 23 to rotate. The cooperation of the supporting plate 21 and the handwheel 22 realizes the horizontal movement of the device and adjusts the position; the motor 26 provides power to drive the tapered roller 23 to rotate. One end of the rotary shaft 24 is connected to the motor 26 through a flexible coupling 29, and the other end is connected to the tapered roller 23 through a screw 25. The end surface of the rotary shaft 24 is processed with a threaded hole, and the tapered roller is processed with a stepped light hole. Motor 26 links to each other with motor bracket 28 through wedge-shaped block 27, and motor bracket 28 is fixed on the supporting plate 21 and the position of motor bracket 28 can be adjusted relative to supporting plate 21, and the inclination angle of wedge-shaped block 27 is identical with tapered roller 23 semi-cone angles, and motor 26 Connect with wedge block 27, wedge block 27 and motor bracket 28 by screws.

Referring to Fig. 5 , the glass disk drive unit 3 includes an outer sleeve 35 fixed on the upper surface of the workbench 1. A spindle 32 for driving the glass disk to rotate is arranged inside the outer sleeve 35. The glass disk 31 and the spindle 32 are pressed through the glass disk. 33 is fixed to realize that the main shaft 32 drives the glass disc 31 to rotate. The main shaft 32 is positioned inside the outer sleeve 35 through two pairs of back-to-back angular contact ball bearings 38, and the bearing 38 acts on the inner ring and outer ring of the bearing through the bearing end caps 34 at both ends of the outer sleeve 35 and inside the outer sleeve 35. Two inner bushings 36, 37 are fixed.

Referring again to FIG. 2 , the loading unit 5 includes a spring 52 connected to the bottom plate 51 , the other side of the spring 52 is connected to a tension gauge 53 for displaying tension readings, and the upper end of the tension gauge 53 is connected to a loading screw 54 . The loading screw 54 is fixed on the support 55 , and rotating the loading screw 54 can realize the change of the tension on the bottom plate 51 .

Referring to FIG. 6 , the roller supporting unit 4 includes a bearing 42 supporting the tapered roller 23 , a bearing shaft 43 supporting the bearing 42 , and a bearing strut 41 supporting the bearing shaft 43 . Wherein, the bearing strut 41 is connected with the base plate 51 by screws, the upper cylindrical surface of the bearing strut 41 is processed with threaded holes, and the bearing shaft 43 is processed with threads, and the above two are connected by threads. One end of the bearing 42 is fixed on the shoulder of the bearing shaft, and the other end is fixed by a nut 44 .

Referring to Fig. 2 again, the optical measurement unit includes a microscope support 65 fixed on the workbench 1, and two X-Y translation stages 64 are installed on the microscope support 65 to realize the movement of the microscope 62 on the horizontal optical plane, and the X-Y translation platform 64 is provided with a focusing The hand wheel 63 is used to adjust the focal length of the microscope 62, and the microscope 62 is connected with a CCD 61 for collecting the interference image on the computer in real time, and the microscope lens is aligned with the line contact position.

The measurement method of the experimental device of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparatory steps: determine the size of the tapered roller 23 and install it on the rotary shaft 24, and contact the glass plate 31, and apply the desired load through the loading unit 4. At this time, the driving motor 26 of the roller is not powered on.

(2) Adjust the glass disk: slowly rotate the glass disk 31 at the first rotational speed, and adjust the position of the glass disk pressure sleeve 33 to stabilize the reading of the tensile gauge.

(3) Drive: energize the motor of the glass disk drive unit 3 or the tapered roller drive unit 2 or both motors to drive the glass disk 31 or the tapered roller 23 or both to rotate.

(4) Measurement and analysis: Use CCD61 to collect the magnified image of microscope 62 on the computer, and use image processing software to analyze the thickness of the oil film in contact between the tapered roller and the glass disk under different working conditions.

While illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to the drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these specific embodiments and can be practiced by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Various other changes and modifications of .

Claims (10)

1. a taper roll bearing lubricates the equivalent experimental simulation device of operating mode, comprise taper roller, the contact component that contacts with taper roller, be used for supporting the roller support unit of taper roller, and the taper roller driver element that is used for driving the taper roller rotation, described taper roller driver element comprises motor, wedge shape part and flexible clutch, the output shaft of described motor drives described taper roller by flexible clutch, described motor is connected to described roller support unit by described wedge shape part, the inclination angle of described wedge shape part and the semi-cone angle of described taper roller are basic identical, thereby make described taper roller contact with described contact component retention wire in rotation process.

2. equivalent experimental simulation device according to claim 1 also comprises worktable, and described taper roller driver element comprises the supporting plate that is arranged on the worktable, and described motor is installed on the supporting plate by electric machine support.

3. equivalent experimental simulation device according to claim 1, described contact component is glass disc, it is rotated by the contact component drive unit drives.。

4. according to each described equivalent experimental simulation device among the claim 1-3, the contact component driver element that wherein is used for the described contact component of driving comprises the outer sleeve that is fixed on the worktable, and described outer sleeve inside is provided with and drives the main shaft that contact component rotates.

5. equivalent experimental simulation device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described main shaft is positioned outer sleeve inside by two pairs of angular contact ball bearings of installing back-to-back.

6. according to each described equivalent experimental simulation device among the claim 1-3, wherein said roller support unit comprises the bearing that supports taper roller, and bearing is installed on the bearing shaft, and bearing shaft is installed on the bearing pole.

7. according to each described equivalent experimental simulation device among the claim 1-3, the output shaft of wherein said motor is connected to revolving shaft by flexible clutch and rotates to drive described taper roller, described revolving shaft connects taper roller by screw, and its axial end processes threaded hole.

8. according to each described equivalent experimental simulation device among the claim 1-3, also comprise the loading unit that links to each other with the roller support unit, but described loading unit comprises the loading screw rod that contact component is applied regulating load.

9. according to each described equivalent experimental simulation device among the claim 1-3, also comprise the optical measurement unit of the oil film thickness that contacts with contact component for the measurement taper roller.

10. measuring method that is used for according to each described equivalent experimental simulation device of claim 1-9 may further comprise the steps:

(1) preliminary step is wherein determined the taper roller size and is connected to the taper roller driver element, and this taper roller is contacted with contact component, contact component is loaded on the load of expectation under the cold situation of motor;

(2) step of adjustment contact component wherein with the first rotational speed contact component, is adjusted so that the load that applies is stable;

(3) actuation step, one of wherein drive in contact component and the taper roller or the two with second rotational speed, second rotating speed is greater than first rotating speed;

(4) Measurement and analysis step is wherein gathered the image of contact site between taper roller and the contact component, analyzes the oil film thickness that this image obtains contact site under the different operating modes.

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