CN103234199B - Swing type combustion exhausted wind apparatus and burnout degree system and burnout degree control method - Google Patents
Swing type combustion exhausted wind apparatus and burnout degree system and burnout degree control method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种摆动式燃尽风装置及燃尽风系统以及燃尽风控制方法，摆动式燃尽风装置在燃尽风箱内设有两层横向的隔板，将燃尽风箱分为上、中、下三个燃尽风道，在上、下两个燃尽风道的末端喷口内均设有与风道轴向呈倾斜布置的数块纵向挡板，下燃尽风道末端由其纵向挡板形成的喷射方向与炉内主旋气流的旋向相反，上燃尽风道末端由其纵向挡板形成的喷射方向与炉内主旋气流的旋向相同。本发明能加快燃尽风和煤焦的混合，充分利用燃尽区高度和煤焦停留时间，提高燃烧效率和燃尽率，减轻空气分级燃烧对燃烧效率以及飞灰含碳量带来的负面影响，并减小炉膛出口烟气残余旋转的作用和减轻水冷壁区域的高温腐蚀和结渣问题。
The invention discloses a swing type overburning air device, an overburning air system and a control method for the overburning air. There are three upper, middle and lower burnout air ducts, and several longitudinal baffles arranged obliquely to the axial direction of the air duct are arranged in the end nozzles of the upper and lower two burnout air ducts, and the end of the lower burnout air duct The injection direction formed by its longitudinal baffle is opposite to the direction of rotation of the main swirling airflow in the furnace, and the injection direction formed by its longitudinal baffle at the end of the upper burnout air duct is the same as the rotation direction of the main swirling airflow in the furnace. The invention can speed up the mixing of overburning air and coal char, make full use of the height of the burnout zone and the residence time of coal char, improve the combustion efficiency and burnout rate, and reduce the negative effects of air staged combustion on the combustion efficiency and the carbon content of the fly ash. Influence, and reduce the effect of residual flue gas rotation at the furnace outlet and alleviate the high temperature corrosion and slagging problems in the water wall area.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种用于煤粉锅炉的摆动式燃尽风装置及燃尽风系统以及燃尽风控制方法。 The present invention relates to a swing-type overfire air device, an overfire air system and an overfire air control method for pulverized coal boilers.
背景技术 Background technique
我国氮氧化物排放量的67%都来自于燃煤，对大气中的氮氧化物包括NO、NO2、N2O、N2O3、N2O4、N2O5等，通常被合称为NOX，NOX是大气污染的主要来源之一。每年在世界范围因燃烧石化燃料而排放的氮氧化物在所有氮氧化物排放中占有很大的比例。随着环保要求的提高，国家对NOX排放量的控制越来越严格。NOX控制技术主要分为两类，一是采用低NOX燃烧技术，二是采用尾部脱硝技术。采用烟气脱硝技术初期投入大，运行成本高，而运行成本和初期投入均与烟气入口NOX浓度有关，因而在采用烟气脱硝技术之前通常要采用低NOX燃烧技术降低炉膛出口NOX浓度。目前新建和改造的电站锅炉普遍采用低NOX燃烧器和炉膛中上部安装的独立燃尽风喷口的炉内整体空气分级燃烧方式，从而达到大幅度降低尾部烟气净化装置入口NOX浓度的目的。 67% of China's nitrogen oxide emissions come from coal combustion. Nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere include NO, NO 2 , N 2 O, N 2 O 3 , N 2 O 4 , N 2 O 5 , etc., which are usually Collectively known as NO X , NO X is one of the main sources of air pollution. Nitrogen oxides from the combustion of fossil fuels account for a large proportion of all nitrogen oxide emissions worldwide each year. With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the state has become more and more strict on the control of NO X emissions. NO X control technology is mainly divided into two categories, one is to use low NO X combustion technology, and the other is to use tail denitrification technology. Adopting flue gas denitrification technology requires a large initial investment and high operating cost, and the operating cost and initial investment are related to the NOx concentration at the flue gas inlet. Therefore, before adopting flue gas denitrification technology, it is usually necessary to use low NOx combustion technology to reduce NOx at the furnace outlet concentration. At present, the newly built and renovated power plant boilers generally adopt the low NOx burner and the independent overfire air nozzle installed in the upper part of the furnace to achieve the purpose of greatly reducing the NOx concentration at the inlet of the tail flue gas purification device. .
采用整体空气分级燃烧方式的NOX排放值要比未设置这种燃尽风装置的燃烧系统低得多。然而，空气分级燃烧技术往往会带来燃烧效率下降或飞灰含碳增加的负面问题，NOX排放的降低程度越大，往往对燃烧效率影响也越大。由于燃尽风量占入炉总风量的比例在20～40%左右，显然煤粉的部分燃烧份额会被延迟到燃尽风投入后，若燃尽风从投入到炉膛出口阶段停留时间小于这部分燃烧份额的燃尽时间，燃尽率就会明显受到影响。一般而言，相同空气分级条件下，容量越大、炉膛容积热负荷更小的锅炉，其燃烧效率受到的负面影响就越小，这是因为燃尽风口到炉膛出口的停留时间相对更长一些。但是，当对于具体锅炉，燃尽风的标高设置和空气分级程度确定后，燃尽风与还原区上来的烟气和燃尽风混合程度成为直接影响燃尽程度的关键因素，若混合较差，相当于推迟了燃尽风和煤焦的混合，浪费了燃尽区高度或停留时间。实际情况的确如此，由于燃尽风选取的风速一般比二次风高，燃尽风喷口组高度较小，燃尽风装置多采用四角正切小切圆布置，这些因素导致燃尽风射流的刚性强，射流不易偏转，即形成的实际切圆较小。而从主燃区随螺旋上升的大量煤焦颗粒在离心力作用下，会被甩向壁面附近，形成了燃尽风在内、大量煤焦颗粒在外的分布状态，由于气流螺旋上升的特点，直到炉膛出口这样的分布状态都较难改变。因此，在燃尽风送入位置通过现有燃尽风设置方式无法实现确保风粉尽早充分混合，对燃尽区高度造成的浪费，也未能解决炉膛尾部残余旋转和水冷壁近壁面区域的高温腐蚀以及结渣等问题。 The NOx emission value of the integral air staging combustion method is much lower than that of the combustion system without such an overfire air device. However, the air staged combustion technology often brings negative problems such as a decrease in combustion efficiency or an increase in carbon content in fly ash. The greater the reduction in NO X emissions, the greater the impact on combustion efficiency. Since the proportion of the overburned air volume to the total air volume entering the furnace is about 20-40%, it is obvious that part of the combustion share of pulverized coal will be delayed until after the overfired air is put in. The burnout time of the burn share, the burnout rate will be significantly affected. Generally speaking, under the same air classification conditions, the boiler with larger capacity and smaller furnace volume heat load will have less negative impact on its combustion efficiency, because the residence time from the exhaust tuyere to the furnace outlet is relatively longer . However, when the elevation setting of the overburning air and the degree of air classification are determined for a specific boiler, the degree of mixing of the overburning air with the flue gas and overburning air from the reduction zone becomes a key factor that directly affects the degree of burnout. , which is equivalent to delaying the mixing of the overburning air and coal coke, wasting the height of the overburning zone or the residence time. The actual situation is indeed the case. Since the wind speed selected for the overfire air is generally higher than that of the secondary air, the height of the overfire air nozzle group is small, and the overfire air devices are mostly arranged with four-corner tangent small tangent circles. These factors lead to the rigidity of the overfire air jet. Strong, the jet is not easy to deflect, that is, the actual tangent circle formed is smaller. However, under the action of centrifugal force, a large number of coal char particles rising spirally from the main combustion area will be thrown to the vicinity of the wall surface, forming a distribution state in which the overburning air is inside and a large number of coal char particles are outside. The distribution state of the furnace outlet is difficult to change. Therefore, it is impossible to ensure that the air powder is fully mixed as soon as possible through the existing overburning air setting method at the position where the overburning air is sent, and the waste caused by the height of the overburning zone has not been solved. High temperature corrosion and slagging problems.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的上述不足，提供一种摆动式燃尽风装置及燃尽风系统以及燃尽风控制方法，它能加快燃尽风和煤焦的混合，充分利用好燃尽区高度和煤焦停留时间，提高煤粉锅炉的燃烧效率和燃尽率，减轻由于炉内整体空气分级燃烧对燃烧效率以及飞灰含碳量带来的负面影响，并减小炉膛出口烟气残余旋转的作用和减轻水冷壁区域的高温腐蚀和结渣问题。 The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, and provide a swinging overburning air device, an overburning air system and a control method for the overburning air, which can speed up the mixing of the overburning air and coal coke, and make full use of the overburning air. The height of the burnout zone and the residence time of coal coke can improve the combustion efficiency and burnout rate of pulverized coal boilers, reduce the negative impact of the overall air staged combustion in the furnace on combustion efficiency and the carbon content of fly ash, and reduce the furnace outlet The role of flue gas residual rotation and mitigation of high temperature corrosion and slagging problems in the water wall area.
为达到上述目的，本发明的摆动式燃尽风装置，包括燃尽风箱，其特征在于在燃尽风箱内设有两层横向的隔板，将燃尽风箱分为上、中、下三个燃尽风道，在上、下两个燃尽风道的末端喷口内均设有与风道轴向呈倾斜布置的数块纵向挡板，下燃尽风道末端由其纵向挡板形成的喷射方向与炉内主旋气流的旋向相反，上燃尽风道末端由其纵向挡板形成的喷射方向与炉内主旋气流的旋向相同；该燃尽风装置通过上、中、下三个燃尽风道将燃尽风分为上部燃尽偏向风、中部燃尽直吹风、下部燃尽反吹风三股，并从不同的角度射入炉膛； In order to achieve the above object, the swing type burn-off air device of the present invention includes a burn-out air box, which is characterized in that two layers of transverse partitions are arranged in the burn-out air box, and the burn-out air box is divided into upper, middle and lower three. For the burnout air duct, several longitudinal baffles arranged obliquely to the axial direction of the air duct are arranged in the end nozzles of the upper and lower two burnout air ducts, and the end of the lower burnout air duct is formed by its longitudinal baffles. The injection direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the main swirling airflow in the furnace, and the injection direction formed by the longitudinal baffle at the end of the upper overburning air duct is the same as the swirling direction of the main swirling airflow in the furnace; the overburning air device passes through the upper, middle and lower The three burnout air ducts divide the burnout air into three streams: the upper burnout directional wind, the middle burnout direct blowing, and the lower burnout reverse blowing, and they are injected into the furnace from different angles;
作为上述燃尽风装置的进一步改进，上、下两个燃尽风道的数块纵向挡板均通过转轴设于各自的风道内，上、下两组纵向挡板均与各自的摆动机构相连；可实现上、下燃尽风道末端喷口的喷射方向在一定角度内摆动； As a further improvement of the above-mentioned overburning air device, several longitudinal baffles of the upper and lower overburning air ducts are installed in their respective air ducts through rotating shafts, and the upper and lower sets of longitudinal baffles are connected with their respective swing mechanisms ;It can realize the injection direction of the nozzle at the end of the upper and lower burnout ducts to swing within a certain angle;
上述摆动机构可以为连接支架、前过渡连杆、导向连杆、滑动导向套、后过渡连杆、曲柄、转动导向套，连接支架前端与同组的各纵向挡板铰接，前过渡连杆的两端分别与连接支架后端和导向连杆的前端铰接，后过渡连杆的两端分别与导向连杆后端和曲柄的前端铰接，导向连杆滑动穿过固设的滑动导向套，曲柄的后部位于固设的转动导向套中；通过转动曲柄的后部可带动纵向挡板转动，实现喷口喷射方向的摆动； Above-mentioned oscillating mechanism can be connecting bracket, front transition link, guide link, sliding guide sleeve, rear transition link, crank, rotation guide sleeve, the front end of connecting bracket is hinged with each longitudinal baffle plate of the same group, the front transition link The two ends are respectively hinged with the rear end of the connecting bracket and the front end of the guide link, the two ends of the rear transition link are respectively hinged with the rear end of the guide link and the front end of the crank, the guide link slides through the fixed sliding guide sleeve, and the crank The rear part of the crank is located in the fixed rotating guide sleeve; the longitudinal baffle can be driven to rotate by turning the rear part of the crank to realize the swing of the jetting direction of the nozzle;
上述摆动机构也可以为连接支架、过渡连杆、通过销轴装于风道内的摆杆、曲柄、滑动套于摆杆上的滑套，连接支架前端与同组的各纵向挡板铰接，连接支架后端与过渡连杆的前端铰接，过渡连杆的后端与摆杆前端铰接，滑套铰接于曲柄上；通过转动曲柄也可带动纵向挡板转动； The above-mentioned swing mechanism can also be a connecting bracket, a transition connecting rod, a swing rod installed in the air duct through a pin shaft, a crank, a sliding sleeve slidingly sleeved on the swing rod, the front end of the connecting bracket is hinged with each longitudinal baffle plate of the same group, and connected The rear end of the bracket is hinged to the front end of the transition link, the rear end of the transition link is hinged to the front end of the swing rod, and the sliding sleeve is hinged to the crank; the longitudinal baffle can also be driven to rotate by turning the crank;
作为上述燃尽风装置的进一步改进，所述上、中、下三个燃尽风道的流通横截面积比为1:3:1～1:1:1；可实现燃尽风量的合理分配； As a further improvement of the above-mentioned overburning air device, the flow cross-sectional area ratio of the upper, middle and lower three overburning air passages is 1:3:1~1:1:1; a reasonable distribution of the overburning air volume can be realized ;
本发明的燃尽风系统，包括设于炉膛中上部的至少一层角部燃尽风装置，每层角部燃尽风装置包括设于炉膛四角的四个燃尽风装置，每个燃尽风装置均包括燃尽风箱，其特征在于在每个燃尽风箱内均设有两层横向的隔板，将燃尽风箱分为上、中、下三个燃尽风道，在上、下两个燃尽风道的末端喷口内均设有与风道轴向呈倾斜布置的数块纵向挡板；相对于炉内主旋气流的旋向，中部燃尽风道的轴向正向指向炉膛，下燃尽风道末端由其纵向挡板形成的喷射方向与炉内主旋气流的旋向相反，上燃尽风道末端由其纵向挡板形成的喷射方向与炉内主旋气流的旋向相同，且中部燃尽风道轴向与所在角落炉膛对角线的夹角小于上燃尽风道喷射方向与炉膛对角线的夹角；形成四角切圆布置的燃尽风系统； The overfire air system of the present invention includes at least one layer of corner overfire air devices arranged in the middle and upper part of the furnace, and each layer of corner overfire air devices includes four overfire air devices arranged The wind devices all include burn-out air boxes, which are characterized in that two layers of transverse partitions are arranged in each burn-out air box, and the burn-out air boxes are divided into three burn-out air passages, upper, middle, and lower. The end nozzles of the two burnout air ducts are equipped with several longitudinal baffles arranged obliquely to the axial direction of the air duct; relative to the swirling direction of the main swirling air flow in the furnace, the axial direction of the central burnout air duct points positively In the furnace, the injection direction formed by the longitudinal baffle at the end of the lower burnout duct is opposite to that of the main swirling airflow in the furnace; The direction of rotation is the same, and the angle between the axial direction of the central overburning air duct and the diagonal of the furnace at the corner is smaller than the angle between the injection direction of the upper overburning air duct and the diagonal of the furnace; a four-corner tangentially arranged overfire air system is formed;
本发明适用于上述燃尽风系统的燃尽风控制方法为：将燃尽风在炉膛中上部分为至少一层、每层从炉膛四角的燃尽风喷口喷射入炉膛，并在每个喷口处将燃尽风分为上部燃尽偏向风、中部燃尽直吹风、下部燃尽反吹风三股，相对于炉内主旋气流的旋向，下部燃尽反吹风反向射入炉膛，中部燃尽直吹风和上部燃尽偏向风均正向射入炉膛，且中部燃尽直吹风喷射方向与所在角落炉膛对角线的夹角小于上部燃尽偏向风喷射方向与炉膛对角线的夹角； The overfire air control method applicable to the above overfire air system of the present invention is as follows: the overfire air is divided into at least one layer in the upper part of the furnace, and each layer is injected into the furnace from the overfire air nozzles at the four corners of the furnace, and each nozzle The overburning air is divided into three streams: upper burnout directional wind, middle burnout direct blowing, and lower burnout reverse blowing. Compared with the swirl direction of the main swirling airflow in the furnace, the lower burnout reverse blows into the furnace in the opposite direction, and the middle burnout reverse blows into the furnace. Both the straight air blowing and the upper burnout deflected air are injected into the furnace in a positive direction, and the angle between the direction of the direct blown air in the middle burnout and the diagonal line of the furnace at the corner is smaller than the angle between the injection direction of the upper burnout deflected wind and the diagonal line of the furnace ;
上述燃尽风装置分为上、中、下三个燃尽风道，使用时分别形成上部燃尽偏向风、中部燃尽直吹风、下部燃尽反吹风，下部燃尽风道反吹风反向射入炉膛，及时补充氧量，扩大燃尽风在射流平面的影响区域，达到加强煤焦在燃尽风射流平面快速充分混合燃尽的目的，还可起到减小炉膛出口烟气残余旋转的作用，以此减小炉膛出口过、再热器内蒸汽侧传热偏差；中部燃尽直吹风射入炉膛中央形成切圆燃烧，中部燃尽风刚性大，射流穿透力强，为炉膛中央区域及时迅速地提供氧补充，使得未燃尽煤粉在切圆区域扰动燃尽；上部燃尽风道偏向风对远离炉膛中央区域的煤粉颗粒的搅拌扰动作用，强化水冷壁附近风粉混合，并使得水冷壁近壁面区域形成氧化性气氛，减轻水冷壁高温腐蚀和结渣趋势，利于形成燃尽区的风包粉后期燃尽状态，同时将水冷壁近壁面区域未燃尽煤粉裹挟至中间主燃区，进一步提高燃尽率；总之，本方法将燃尽风分为三股，从而形成燃尽区的风包粉后期燃尽状态，明显扩展了燃尽风的影响区域，三个燃尽风口同时进入工作状态，同一燃尽风三股不同方向的射流共同协调作用，燃尽风在其射流平面上充满度大大提高，风粉快速充分混合得以强化，煤焦的燃尽进程不受制于氧的补充，以此节省了燃尽区高度或停留时间，提高煤粉锅炉在深度分级条件下的燃烧效率，减轻由于炉内整体空气分级燃烧对炉内过程带来的负面影响； The above burnout air device is divided into upper, middle and lower burnout air passages, which respectively form the upper burnout directional wind, the middle burnout direct air blowing, the lower burnout reverse blowing, and the lower burnout air passage reverse blowing and reverse blowing when in use. Inject into the furnace, replenish oxygen in time, expand the influence area of the overburning air on the jet plane, achieve the purpose of strengthening the rapid and complete mixing and burning of coal coke on the jet plane of the overburning air, and also reduce the residual rotation of the flue gas at the furnace outlet In order to reduce the heat transfer deviation of the outlet of the furnace and the steam side of the reheater; the direct blown air in the middle part is injected into the center of the furnace to form a tangential combustion. The central area provides timely and rapid oxygen supplement, so that the unburned coal powder is disturbed and burnt in the tangential area; the upper burnout air duct is biased towards the wind to stir and disturb the pulverized coal particles far away from the central area of the furnace, and strengthens the air powder near the water wall Mixing, and make the area near the wall of the water cooling wall form an oxidizing atmosphere, reduce the high temperature corrosion and slagging tendency of the water cooling wall, and facilitate the formation of the wind-packed powder in the burnout area in the later burnout state, and at the same time, the unburned pulverized coal in the area near the wall of the water cooling wall In short, this method divides the overburning air into three strands, thus forming the post-burnout state of the air-wrapped powder in the burnout area, which significantly expands the area affected by the overburning air. Two overburning tuyeres enter the working state at the same time, three jets in different directions of the same overburning air work together to coordinate, the fullness of the overburning air on the jet plane is greatly improved, the rapid and sufficient mixing of air powder is strengthened, and the burnout process of coal char is not slow. Restricted by the supplement of oxygen, it saves the height of the burnout zone or the residence time, improves the combustion efficiency of the pulverized coal boiler under the condition of deep classification, and reduces the negative impact on the furnace process caused by the overall air classification combustion in the furnace;
作为上述燃尽风系统的进一步改进，在炉膛中上部还设有至少一层中部燃尽风装置，每层中部燃尽风装置包括设于四面炉墙中心线处的四个燃尽风装置，每个燃尽风装置均包括燃尽风箱，在每个燃尽风箱内均设有两层横向的隔板，将燃尽风箱分为上、中、下三个燃尽风道，在上、下两个燃尽风道的末端喷口内均设有与风道轴向呈倾斜布置的数块纵向挡板；相对于炉内主旋气流的旋向，中部燃尽风道的轴向正向指向炉膛，下燃尽风道末端由其纵向挡板形成的喷射方向与炉内主旋气流的旋向相反，上燃尽风道末端由其纵向挡板形成的喷射方向与炉内主旋气流的旋向相同，且中部燃尽风道轴向与所在炉墙内侧垂线的夹角小于上燃尽风道喷射方向与炉墙内侧垂线的夹角； As a further improvement of the above-mentioned overfire air system, at least one layer of central overfire air devices is provided in the middle and upper part of the furnace, and each layer of middle part overfire air devices includes four overfire air devices arranged at the centerlines of the four furnace walls. Each burn-out air device includes a burn-out air box, and each burn-out air box is provided with two layers of horizontal partitions, which divide the burn-out air box into upper, middle, and lower three burn-out air passages. Several longitudinal baffles arranged obliquely to the axial direction of the air ducts are arranged in the nozzles at the ends of the two lower burnout air ducts; relative to the swirling direction of the main swirling airflow in the furnace, the axial direction of the central burnout air ducts is positive. Pointing to the furnace, the injection direction formed by the longitudinal baffle at the end of the lower burnout duct is opposite to the direction of the main swirling airflow in the furnace, and the injection direction formed by the longitudinal baffle at the end of the upper burnout duct is opposite to the main swirling airflow in the furnace. The direction of rotation is the same, and the angle between the axial direction of the middle burnout air duct and the vertical line inside the furnace wall is smaller than the angle between the injection direction of the upper burnout air duct and the vertical line inside the furnace wall;
相应的作为本发明燃尽风控制方法的进一步改进：将一部分燃尽风还通过四面炉墙中上部中心线处的四个燃尽风喷口喷射入炉膛，并在每个喷口处也将燃尽风分为上部燃尽偏向风、中部燃尽直吹风、下部燃尽反吹风三股，相对于炉内主旋气流的旋向，下部燃尽反吹风反向射入炉膛，中部燃尽直吹风和上部燃尽偏向风均正向射入炉膛，且中部燃尽直吹风喷射方向与所在炉墙内侧垂线的夹角小于上部燃尽偏向风喷射方向与炉墙内侧垂线的夹角；通过增设中部燃尽风装置，可解决大容量的煤粉锅炉四角上燃尽风射流行程不能有效抵达下游角部射流影响区的问题，保证燃尽区高的射流充满度； Correspondingly as a further improvement of the overburning air control method of the present invention: part of the overburning air is also injected into the furnace through four overburning air nozzles at the upper centerline of the four furnace walls, and the overburning air is also injected into the furnace at each nozzle. The wind is divided into three streams: upper burnout directional wind, middle burnout direct blowing, and lower burnout reverse blowing. Compared with the swirl direction of the main swirling airflow in the furnace, the lower burnout reverse blows into the furnace in the opposite direction, and the middle burnout direct blowing and The upper burnout biased air is injected into the furnace in a positive direction, and the angle between the direction of the middle burnout direct air blowing jet and the vertical line inside the furnace wall is smaller than the angle between the upper burnout biased wind jet direction and the vertical line inside the furnace wall; by adding The burn-out air device in the middle can solve the problem that the jet process of the burn-out air at the four corners of the large-capacity pulverized coal boiler cannot effectively reach the jet-affected area at the downstream corner, and ensure a high jet fullness in the burn-out area;
作为本发明燃尽风控制方法的进一步改进：上部燃尽偏向风和下部燃尽反吹风在水平面内均摆动式的喷射入炉膛内；上部燃尽偏向风、中部燃尽直吹风、下部燃尽反吹风的风量配比为1:3:1～1:1:1；可实现燃尽风量的合理分配，提高中部燃尽直吹风的刚性； As a further improvement of the overburning air control method of the present invention: the upper overburning directional wind and the lower overburning back blowing are both swingingly sprayed into the furnace in the horizontal plane; The air volume ratio of reverse blowing is 1:3:1～1:1:1; it can realize the reasonable distribution of the overburning air volume and improve the rigidity of the central overburning direct air blowing;
综上所述，本发明能加快燃尽风和煤焦的混合，充分利用好燃尽区高度和煤焦停留时间，提高煤粉锅炉的燃烧效率和燃尽率，减轻由于炉内整体空气分级燃烧对燃烧效率以及飞灰含碳量带来的负面影响，并减小炉膛出口烟气残余旋转的作用和减轻水冷壁区域的高温腐蚀和结渣问题。 In summary, the present invention can speed up the mixing of overburning air and coal char, make full use of the height of the burnout zone and the residence time of coal char, improve the combustion efficiency and burnout rate of the pulverized coal boiler, and reduce the The negative impact of combustion on the combustion efficiency and the carbon content of fly ash, and the effect of reducing the residual rotation of flue gas at the furnace outlet and reducing the high temperature corrosion and slagging problems in the water wall area.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明燃尽风系统实施例一的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the overfire air system of the present invention.
图2为图1中燃尽风装置的局部剖立体图。 Fig. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the overfire air device in Fig. 1 .
图3为图2中摆动机构的剖视图。 Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the swing mechanism in Fig. 2 .
图4为本发明燃尽风系统实施例一水平方向上燃尽风的分布示意图。 Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the overfire air in the horizontal direction according to Embodiment 1 of the overfire air system of the present invention.
图5为本发明燃尽风系统实施例二的结构示意图。 Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the overfire air system of the present invention.
图6为图5中燃尽风装置摆动机构的剖视图。 Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the swing mechanism of the overfire air device in Fig. 5 .
图7为本发明燃尽风系统实施例二水平方向上燃尽风的分布示意图。 Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the overfire air in the horizontal direction of the second embodiment of the overfire air system of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。 The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例一 Embodiment one
如图1至图4所示，该燃尽风系统，包括设于炉膛1中上部的五层角部燃尽风装置，每层角部燃尽风装置均包括设于炉膛四角的四个燃尽风装置2，每个燃尽风装置2均包括燃尽风箱3，在每个燃尽风箱3内均设有两层横向的隔板4，将燃尽风箱分为上、中、下三个燃尽风道5、6、7，所述上、中、下三个燃尽风道5、6、7的流通横截面积比为1:1:1，在上燃尽风道5的末端喷口内均设有与风道轴向呈倾斜布置的数块纵向挡板8，在下燃尽风道7的末端喷口内均设有与风道轴向呈倾斜布置的数块纵向挡板9，纵向挡板8、9均通过两端的转轴10设于各自的风道5或7内，同组的数块纵向挡板8或9相互平行且等间距设置并与摆动机构相连，摆动机构包括连接支架11、前过渡连杆12、导向连杆13、与联于燃尽风箱3上的固定支架18固联的滑动导向套14、后过渡连杆15、曲柄16、转动导向套17，连接支架11前端与同组的各纵向挡板8或9铰接，前过渡连杆12的两端分别与连接支架11后端和导向连杆13的前端铰接，后过渡连杆15的两端分别与导向连杆13后端和曲柄16的前端铰接，导向连杆13滑动的穿过滑动导向套14，曲柄16的后部位于固设的转动导向套17中；相对于炉内主旋气流的旋向，中部燃尽风道6的轴向正向指向炉膛，即中部燃尽风道6的轴向与所在角落炉膛对角线设置呈一定夹角，下燃尽风道7末端由其纵向挡板9形成的喷射方向与炉内主旋气流的旋向相反，上燃尽风道5末端由其纵向挡板8形成的喷射方向与炉内主旋气流的旋向相同，且中部燃尽风道轴向与所在角落炉膛对角线的夹角小于上燃尽风道喷射方向与炉膛对角线的夹角；形成五层四角切圆布置的燃尽风系统； As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the overfire air system includes five layers of corner overfire air devices arranged in the middle and upper part of the furnace 1, and each corner part overfire air device includes four combustion air devices located at the four corners of the furnace. Exhaust air device 2, each exhaust air device 2 includes an exhaust air box 3, and each exhaust air box 3 is provided with two layers of transverse partitions 4, and the exhaust air box is divided into upper, middle and lower three. Burnout air ducts 5, 6, 7, the flow cross-sectional area ratios of the upper, middle and lower three burnout air ducts 5, 6, 7 are 1:1:1, and the upper burnout air duct 5 There are several longitudinal baffles 8 arranged obliquely to the axial direction of the air duct in the end spouts, and several longitudinal baffles 9 arranged obliquely to the axial direction of the air duct in the end spouts of the lower burnout air duct 7 , the longitudinal baffles 8 and 9 are all arranged in the respective air passages 5 or 7 through the rotating shafts 10 at both ends, and the several longitudinal baffles 8 or 9 of the same group are arranged parallel to each other and at equal intervals and connected with the swing mechanism. The swing mechanism includes Connecting bracket 11, front transition connecting rod 12, guide connecting rod 13, sliding guide sleeve 14 fixedly connected with fixed bracket 18 on the burn-out bellows 3, rear transition connecting rod 15, crank 16, rotating guide sleeve 17, connect The front end of the bracket 11 is hinged with each longitudinal baffle 8 or 9 of the same group, the two ends of the front transition link 12 are respectively hinged with the rear end of the connecting bracket 11 and the front end of the guide link 13, and the two ends of the rear transition link 15 are respectively connected with The front end of the guide link 13 rear end and the crank 16 is hinged, the guide link 13 slides through the slide guide sleeve 14, and the rear portion of the crank 16 is located in the fixed rotation guide sleeve 17; direction, the axial direction of the middle burnout air duct 6 is directed to the furnace, that is, the axial direction of the middle burnout air duct 6 is set at a certain angle with the diagonal line of the furnace at the corner, and the end of the lower burnout air duct 7 is blocked by its longitudinal direction. The injection direction formed by the plate 9 is opposite to the rotation direction of the main swirling airflow in the furnace, the injection direction formed by the longitudinal baffle plate 8 at the end of the upper burnout air duct 5 is the same as the rotation direction of the main swirling airflow in the furnace, and the middle burnout airflow The angle between the axial direction of the duct and the diagonal of the furnace at the corner is smaller than the angle between the injection direction of the upper overburning air duct and the diagonal of the furnace; a five-layer overburning air system with four corners tangentially arranged is formed;
适用于上述燃尽风系统的燃尽风控制方法为：将燃尽风在炉膛1中上部分为五层、每层从炉膛四角的燃尽风装置2射入炉膛，并在每个燃尽风箱3喷口处将燃尽风通过上、中、下三个燃尽风道5、6、7分为上部燃尽偏向风22、中部燃尽直吹风21、下部燃尽反吹风20三股，相对于炉内主旋气流的旋向，下部燃尽反吹风20以与所在角落炉膛对角线呈5°～25°的夹角反向射入炉膛，上部燃尽偏向风22以与所在角落炉膛对角线呈20°～35°的夹角正向射入炉膛，中部燃尽直吹风21也正向射入炉膛，中部燃尽直吹风21喷射方向与所在角落炉膛对角线的夹角小于上部燃尽偏向风22喷射方向与炉膛对角线的夹角，即上部燃尽偏向风22的喷射方向更偏向于炉壁的水冷壁； The overfire air control method applicable to the above overfire air system is as follows: the overfire air is divided into five layers in the middle and upper part of the furnace 1, and each layer is injected into the furnace from the overfire air device 2 at the four corners of the furnace, and each At the nozzle of the bellows 3, the overburned air is divided into the upper, middle, and lower overburned air passages 5, 6, and 7 into three strands: the upper overburned directional wind 22, the middle overburned straight blower 21, and the lower overburned reverse blower 20. According to the swirl direction of the main swirl air in the furnace, the lower part burns out the reverse air flow 20 to inject into the furnace at an angle of 5° to 25° with the diagonal line of the corner furnace, and the upper part burns out the deflection air 22 to align with the corner furnace. The diagonal line is at an angle of 20° to 35° and injects into the furnace in a forward direction, and the central burnout direct blower 21 is also injected into the furnace in a forward direction. The angle between the injection direction of the upper burnout deflection wind 22 and the diagonal line of the furnace, that is, the injection direction of the upper burnout deflection wind 22 is more biased towards the water-cooled wall of the furnace wall;
每个燃尽风装置2分别形成上部燃尽偏向风22、中部燃尽直吹21风、下部燃尽反吹风20，下部燃尽风道反吹风20反向射入炉膛，及时补充氧量，扩大燃尽风在射流平面的影响区域，达到加强煤焦在燃尽风射流平面快速充分混合燃尽的目的，还可起到减小炉膛出口烟气残余旋转的作用，以此减小炉膛出口过、再热器内蒸汽侧传热偏差；中部燃尽直吹风21射入炉膛中央形成切圆燃烧，中部燃尽风刚性大，射流穿透力强，为炉膛中央区域及时迅速地提供氧补充，使得未燃尽煤粉在切圆区域扰动燃尽；上部燃尽偏向风22对远离炉膛中央区域的煤粉颗粒的搅拌扰动作用，强化水冷壁附近风粉混合，并使得水冷壁近壁面区域形成氧化性气氛，减轻水冷壁高温腐蚀和结渣趋势，利于形成燃尽区的风包粉后期燃尽状态，同时将水冷壁近壁面区域未燃尽煤粉裹挟至中间主燃区，进一步提高燃尽率；总之，本方法将燃尽风分为三股，从而形成燃尽区的风包粉后期燃尽状态，明显扩展了燃尽风的影响区域，三个燃尽风口同时进入工作状态，同一燃尽风三股不同方向的射流共同协调作用，燃尽风在其射流平面上充满度大大提高，风粉快速充分混合得以强化，煤焦的燃尽进程不受制于氧的补充，以此充分利用了燃尽区高度和焦煤停留时间，提高煤粉锅炉在深度分级条件下的燃烧效率，减轻由于炉内整体空气分级燃烧对炉内过程带来的负面影响；根据工况，通过转动曲柄16的后部可带动对应的纵向挡板8或9转动，可使得上部燃尽偏向风22和下部燃尽反吹风20的喷射角度在一定范围内摆动； Each overburning air device 2 respectively forms the upper part of the overburning directional wind 22, the middle part of the overburning direct blowing 21 wind, the lower part of the overburning back blowing 20, and the lower part of the overburning air passage and the back blowing 20 into the furnace in reverse to replenish the oxygen in time. Expand the influence area of the overburning air on the jet plane to achieve the purpose of strengthening the rapid and full mixing and burning of coal coke on the jet plane of the overburning air, and also reduce the residual rotation of the flue gas at the furnace outlet, thereby reducing the furnace outlet. The heat transfer deviation of the steam side in the pass and reheater; the direct air blow 21 in the middle part of the burner is injected into the center of the furnace to form a tangential combustion; , so that the unburned pulverized coal is disturbed and burnt in the tangential area; the upper part of the burned-out deflection wind 22 stirs and disturbs the pulverized coal particles far away from the central area of the furnace, strengthens the air-powder mixing near the water-cooled wall, and makes the area near the water-cooled wall Form an oxidative atmosphere, reduce the high-temperature corrosion and slagging tendency of the water wall, and facilitate the formation of the air-wrapped powder in the burnout zone in the later burnout state. Burnout rate; in short, this method divides the burnout air into three strands, thus forming the post-burnout state of the air-packed powder in the burnout area, which obviously expands the area affected by the burnout air, and the three burnout air outlets enter the working state at the same time. The three jets in different directions of the same overburning air work together to coordinate, the fullness of the overburning air on the jet plane is greatly improved, the rapid and full mixing of air powder is strengthened, and the burnout process of coal coke is not restricted by oxygen supplementation, so that it can fully The height of the burnout zone and the residence time of coking coal are used to improve the combustion efficiency of the pulverized coal boiler under the condition of deep classification, and reduce the negative impact on the furnace process caused by the overall air classification combustion in the furnace; according to the working conditions, by turning the crank 16 The rear part of the cylinder can drive the corresponding longitudinal baffle 8 or 9 to rotate, which can make the jet angles of the upper burnout deflection wind 22 and the lower burnout reverse blower 20 swing within a certain range;
实施例二 Embodiment two
如图5至图7所示，该实施例与实施例一相比，其燃尽风系统除了包括设于炉膛1中上部的五层角部燃尽风装置、每层角部燃尽风装置均包括设于炉膛四角的四个燃尽风装置25，还包括与第二层和第四层燃尽风装置2等高的两层中部燃尽风装置，每层中部燃尽风装置包括设于四面炉墙中心线处的四个燃尽风装置26；四角的燃尽风装置25与中部的燃尽风装置26其结构均相同，它们与实施例一中的燃尽风装置2相比，其区别仅在于：与纵向挡板8或9相连的摆动机构改为连接支架27、过渡连杆31、通过销轴装于风道内的摆杆28、曲柄29、滑动套于摆杆28上的滑套30，连接支架27前端与同组的各纵向挡板8或9铰接，连接支架27后端与过渡连杆31前端铰接，过渡连杆31后端与摆杆28前端铰接，滑套30铰接于曲柄29上，两燃尽风装置25、26的其它结构均与实施例一相同；通过转动曲柄29也可带动纵向挡板8或9转动； As shown in Figures 5 to 7, compared with Embodiment 1, the overfire air system of this embodiment includes five layers of corner overfire air devices located in the middle and upper part of the furnace 1, and each corner part of the overfire air device All comprise four overfire air devices 25 located at the four corners of the furnace, and also include two layers of middle part overfire air devices with the same height as the second and fourth layer overfire air devices 2, and each layer of middle part overfire air devices includes a set Four overfire air devices 26 at the centerlines of the four sides of the furnace wall; the four corner overfire air devices 25 and the middle part overfire air device 26 have the same structure, and they are compared with the overfire air device 2 in the first embodiment , the difference is only that the swing mechanism connected to the longitudinal baffle 8 or 9 is changed to a connecting bracket 27, a transition link 31, a swing rod 28 installed in the air duct through a pin shaft, a crank 29, and a sliding sleeve on the swing rod 28 The sliding sleeve 30, the front end of the connecting bracket 27 is hinged with each longitudinal baffle plate 8 or 9 of the same group, the rear end of the connecting bracket 27 is hinged with the front end of the transition link 31, the rear end of the transition link 31 is hinged with the front end of the swing rod 28, and the sliding sleeve 30 is hinged on the crank 29, and the other structures of the two exhaust air devices 25 and 26 are the same as in Embodiment 1; the longitudinal baffle 8 or 9 can also be driven to rotate by turning the crank 29;
该燃尽风系统将一部分燃尽风还通过四面炉墙中上部中心线处上、下四个燃尽风装置26喷射入炉膛，并在每个喷口处也将燃尽风分为上部燃尽偏向风32、中部燃尽直吹风33、下部燃尽反吹风34三股，相对于炉内主旋气流的旋向，下部燃尽反吹风34反向射入炉膛，中部燃尽直吹风33和上部燃尽偏向风32均正向射入炉膛，且中部燃尽直吹风33喷射方向与所在炉墙内侧垂线的夹角小于上部燃尽偏向风32喷射方向与炉墙内侧垂线的夹角；通过增设中部燃尽风装置26，可解决大容量的煤粉锅炉四角上燃尽风射流行程不能有效抵达下游角部射流影响区的问题，保证燃尽区高的射流充满度； The overfire air system sprays part of the overfire air into the furnace through the upper and lower four overfire air devices 26 at the center line of the upper part of the four furnace walls, and divides the overfire air into the upper part of the overfire air at each nozzle. Three strands of deflection wind 32 , central burnout direct air blow 33 , and lower burnout reverse blower 34 , with respect to the swirl direction of the main swirling airflow in the furnace, the lower burnout reverse blower 34 reversely injects into the furnace, the middle burnout direct blower 33 and the upper The burnout biased air 32 is injected into the furnace in a positive direction, and the angle between the jetting direction of the central burnout straight blower 33 and the vertical line inside the furnace wall is smaller than the angle between the jetting direction of the upper burnout biased wind 32 and the vertical line inside the furnace wall; By adding the burnout air device 26 in the middle, it can solve the problem that the burnout air injection process at the four corners of the large-capacity pulverized coal boiler cannot effectively reach the jet flow influence area at the downstream corner, and ensure a high jet fullness in the burnout area;
本发明不限于上述实施方式，如角部燃尽风装置和中部燃尽风装置和排列方式的层数还可多种多样，每个燃尽风装置的上、中、下三个燃尽风道的流通横截面积比也可改为1:3:1，以提高中部燃尽直吹风的刚性。 The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. For example, the number of layers of the corner overfire air device and the middle part overfire air device and the arrangement can also be various. The upper, middle and lower three overfire air devices of each overfire air device The flow cross-sectional area ratio of the channel can also be changed to 1:3:1 to improve the rigidity of the central burnout direct blowing.
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