CN103234190B - Energy-saving optimization control system for chain-grate boiler - Google Patents
Energy-saving optimization control system for chain-grate boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN103234190B CN103234190B CN201310174797.2A CN201310174797A CN103234190B CN 103234190 B CN103234190 B CN 103234190B CN 201310174797 A CN201310174797 A CN 201310174797A CN 103234190 B CN103234190 B CN 103234190B
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Abstract
An energy-saving optimization control system for a chain-grate boiler is characterized in that the air volume is adjusted according to main steam pressure, the grate rotary speed is adjusted according to the flue gas oxygen content, and the thickness of coal seam is adjusted according to loads and the coal quality. The energy-saving optimization control system has the advantages that the coal supply is more timely through load adjustment than main steam adjustment; the low flue gas oxygen content during high loads and the high gas oxygen content during low loads can be achieved through a load-oxygen content setting apparatus, reasonable coefficients of excess air are guaranteed, and improving of the boiler thermal efficiency is facilitated; and the coal seam is thickened if loads are increased or the coal quality becomes poor, so that the grate rotary speed is reasonable, problems of too short of standing time and incomplete burning of fire coal caused by the high grate rotary speed are solved, and the boiler thermal efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chain furnace control technology field, relate in particular to a kind of chain furnace energy saving optimizing control system.
Background technology
At present there are being 500,000 left and right in China with Industrial Boiler, and coal consumption accounts for 30% left and right of whole nation consumption coal total amount, and in these Industrial Boilers, the overwhelming majority adopts, is chain furnace.Compare with other type of furnace, chain furnace is simple to operate, maintenance cost is low, but also has a lot of problems: the thermal efficiency is low, undercapacity, waste energy, contaminated environment, its main cause is that chain furnace design is outmoded, monitoring means are incomplete, and automatic control application level is low, poor operability.
For chain furnace actual motion present situation, adopting control technology to improve boiler operatiopn level is obviously effective means.In prior art, conventionally according to steam pressure, adjust fire grate rotating speed, according to flue gas oxygen content Set-value adjustment air quantity, also have and adopt control method or the system of fuzzy control technology to realize the Combustion Process Control to chain furnace; Because rational flue gas oxygen content is to change with load variations, adopt flue gas oxygen content Set-value adjustment air quantity to have obvious defect; Simultaneously, coal-feeding mode is the combination of coal seam thickness and fire grate rotating speed, it is also unscientific that coal-supplying amount is only adjusted fire grate rotating speed, coal seam is blocked up or excessively thin, rotating speed is too fast or excessively all can have impact to boiler thermal output and load adjustment slowly, and coal-supplying amount and mode thereof should depend on the quality of payload and ature of coal; Have again, during load adjustment, first adjust after coal and adjust wind to have larger hysteresis quality, can cause load adjustment not in time.
Prior art does not take into full account these factors, in chain furnace actual motion, boiler thermal output is except outside the Pass having with coefficient of excess air, also there are much relations the time of staying with fire coal in burner hearth, and Combustion Process Control relates to the comprehensive adjustment of a plurality of operating parameters such as fire grate rotating speed, coal supply thickness, air quantity.
In sum, prior art still has some limitations and defect, therefore develops native system.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is: resolve Link bar oven load adjustment problem not in time, solve the incomplete problem of the unreasonable fired coal combustion causing of coal-feeding mode, solve the irrational problem of wind coal proportion, improve boiler thermal output, reach the object that reduces fuel consumption.
The field instruments such as a chain furnace energy saving optimizing control system, is provided with main vapour pressure adjuster, wind flow adjuster, load--oxygen amount setting apparatus, oxygen flow regulation device, ature of coal estimator, coal seam thickness compensator, load--thickness setting apparatus, coal seam thickness adjuster and main vapour pressure, drum pressure, steam flow, vapor (steam) temperature, feedwater flow, feed temperature, coal seam thickness, fire grate rotating speed, wind flow, flue gas oxygen content meter and wind flow actuator, fire grate rotating speed actuator, coal seam thickness actuator.
Main vapour pressure is as the measured value of main vapour pressure adjuster, the output of main vapour pressure adjuster is as the setting value of wind flow adjuster, wind flow is as the measured value of wind flow adjuster, the output of wind flow adjuster is connected to wind flow actuator, according to the deviation of main vapour pressure measured value and main vapour pressure setting value, realize the closed-loop control to wind flow, adjuster adopts pid algorithm.
Load--the input of oxygen amount setting apparatus is steam flow, load--the output of oxygen amount setting apparatus is the setting value of oxygen flow regulation device, wherein oxygen amount setting value is the function of load steam flow, load--oxygen amount setting curve provides design data or operation experience to obtain according to boiler manufacturer, follow the low flue gas oxygen content of high load capacity, the high flue gas oxygen content principle of underload; Flue gas oxygen content is the measured value of oxygen flow regulation device, and the output of oxygen flow regulation device is connected to fire grate rotating speed actuator; Adjuster adopts pid algorithm, by regulating fire grate rotating speed to realize the closed-loop control to flue gas oxygen content.
The measuring-signals such as drum pressure, steam flow, vapor (steam) temperature, feedwater flow, feed temperature, coal seam thickness, fire grate rotating speed are the input parameters of ature of coal estimator, ature of coal estimator is according to boiler thermal output positive balance equation, calculate coal-fired calorific value, the output of ature of coal estimator is the relative variation of coal-fired calorific value of forward and backward time period, and wherein boiler thermal output is pressed constant processing; The output of ature of coal estimator is the input of coal seam thickness compensator, the output of coal seam thickness compensator is the correction of coal seam thickness setting value, coal-fired calorific value becomes large, reduce coal seam thickness, coal-fired calorific value diminishes, increase coal seam thickness, coal-fired calorific value and coal seam thickness setting curve are set according to operation experience.
Load--the input of thickness setting apparatus is steam flow, and output is coal seam thickness, and load increases, and coal seam thickness thickens, and load reduces, coal seam thickness attenuation, and load--thickness setting curve obtains according to operation experience; Load--the output of thickness setting apparatus and the output sum of coal seam thickness compensator are as the setting value of coal seam thickness adjuster, coal seam thickness is as measured value, the output of coal seam thickness adjuster is connected to coal seam thickness actuator, realizes the closed-loop control to coal seam thickness, and adjuster adopts pid algorithm.
Usefulness of the present invention is: according to main vapour pressure airflow regulation amount, the promptness of load adjustment is faster than adjusting coal supply with main vapour pressure; Low flue gas oxygen content when load-oxygen amount setting apparatus control mode can realize high load capacity, high flue gas oxygen content during underload, guarantees rational coefficient of excess air, is conducive to improve boiler thermal output; Load increases, and coal seam thickens; Ature of coal variation, bellies, and makes fire grate rotating ratio more reasonable, has avoided coal-fired time of staying of causing under high fire grate rotating speed too short, the incomplete problem of fired coal combustion, thus improve boiler thermal output.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is chain furnace energy saving optimizing control system block diagram.
The specific embodiment
Main vapour pressure P is connected to the measured value end of main vapour pressure adjuster, the output of main vapour pressure adjuster is connected to the setting value end of wind flow adjuster, wind flow Fa is connected to the measured value end of wind flow adjuster, the output of wind flow adjuster is connected to wind flow actuator, main vapour pressure adjuster adopts pid algorithm, proportional band span 300～400, the time of integration 200～300, derivative time 20～30; Wind flow adjuster adopts pid algorithm, proportional band span 50～70, the time of integration 20～30.
Steam flow Fs is connected to load--the input of oxygen amount setting apparatus, load--the output of oxygen amount setting apparatus is connected to the setting value end of oxygen flow regulation device, flue gas oxygen content Ao is connected to the measured value end of oxygen flow regulation device, the output of oxygen flow regulation device is connected to fire grate rotating speed actuator, adjuster adopts pid algorithm, proportional band span 120～150, the time of integration 280～300.
In the present embodiment, load--oxygen amount setting curve be according to operation experience by following setting: during 100% load, oxygen amount setting value is 6%, during 40% load, oxygen amount setting value is 8%, load adopts linear function to carry out interpolation calculation while changing between 40%～100%, when load is greater than 100%, oxygen amount setting value is still 6%, and when load is less than 40%, oxygen amount setting value is still 8%.
The measuring-signals such as drum pressure, steam flow, vapor (steam) temperature, feedwater flow, feed temperature, coal seam thickness, fire grate rotating speed are connected to the input of ature of coal estimator, the output σ of ature of coal estimator is the relative variation of the coal-fired calorific value of forward and backward moment section, and being connected to the input of coal seam thickness compensator, the output of coal seam thickness compensator is the correction of coal seam thickness setting value.
Ature of coal estimator, according to boiler thermal output positive balance equation, calculates coal-fired calorific value:
η=(Fs*(?H1-H2)+Ck*dPb/dt)/Ft*Qdw*100%
Wherein, η: boiler thermal output, by constant calculations, Fs: steam flow, H1, H2 are respectively the enthalpy of steam, boiler feedwater, can look into from water and steam property list and obtain, unit K j/kg, Ck is boiler heat storage coefficient, unit K j/MPa, and this coefficient is provided by boiler maker or obtains through test, Pb: drum steam pressure, Ft: coal-fired flow is the function of thickness of feed layer H, fire grate rotating speed, Qdw: coal-fired low heat value; Ature of coal estimator is output as: the relative variation of coal-fired calorific value of forward and backward period
σ=(Qdw（k）-?Qdw（k-1）)/?Qdw（k）*100%
Qdw(k wherein) be the coal-fired low heat value of current slot.
Coal seam thickness compensator: in the present embodiment, coal-fired calorific value--coal seam thickness setting curve is to set as follows according to operation experience: the relative variation σ of the coal-fired calorific value of forward and backward moment section carries out linear compensation in-10%～10% excursion, during σ <=-10%, coal seam thickness reduces 20mm, during σ >=10%, coal seam thickness increases 20mm.
Steam flow Fs is connected to load--the input of thickness setting apparatus, load--the output of thickness setting apparatus and the output sum of coal seam thickness compensator are connected to the setting value end of coal seam thickness adjuster, coal seam thickness H is connected to the measured value end of coal seam thickness adjuster, the output of coal seam thickness adjuster is connected to coal seam thickness actuator, adjuster adopts pid algorithm, proportional band span 60～80, the time of integration 50～60.
In the present embodiment, load--thickness setting curve is to set as follows according to operation experience: while being more than or equal to 100% load, thickness setting value is 120mm, while being less than or equal to 30% load, thickness setting value is 60mm, and load adopts linear function to carry out interpolation calculation while changing between 30%～100%.
Claims (2)
1. a chain furnace energy saving optimizing control system, is characterized in that: be provided with main vapour pressure adjuster, wind flow adjuster, load--oxygen amount setting apparatus, oxygen flow regulation device, ature of coal estimator, coal seam thickness compensator, load--thickness setting apparatus, coal seam thickness adjuster, main vapour pressure, drum pressure, steam flow, vapor (steam) temperature, feedwater flow, feed temperature, coal seam thickness, fire grate rotating speed, wind flow, flue gas oxygen content meter and wind flow actuator, fire grate rotating speed actuator, coal seam thickness actuator; The input that described drum pressure, described steam flow, described vapor (steam) temperature, described feedwater flow, described feed temperature, described coal seam thickness and described fire grate rotating speed are described ature of coal estimators, described ature of coal estimator is according to boiler thermal output positive balance equation, calculate coal-fired calorific value, the output of described ature of coal estimator is the relative variation of coal-fired calorific value of forward and backward time period, and wherein boiler thermal output is pressed constant processing; The output of described ature of coal estimator is the input of described coal seam thickness compensator, the output of described coal seam thickness compensator is the correction of coal seam thickness setting value, coal-fired calorific value becomes large, reduce coal seam thickness, coal-fired calorific value diminishes, increase coal seam thickness, coal-fired calorific value and coal seam thickness setting curve are set according to operation experience.
2. a kind of chain furnace energy saving optimizing control system according to claim 1, its feature also comprises: described load--the input of thickness setting apparatus is described steam flow, output is coal seam thickness, load increases, coal seam thickness thickens, load reduces, coal seam thickness attenuation, and described load--thickness setting curve obtains according to operation experience; The output of described load--thickness setting apparatus and the output sum of described coal seam thickness compensator are as the setting value of described coal seam thickness adjuster, coal seam thickness is as measured value, the output of described coal seam thickness adjuster is connected to described coal seam thickness actuator, the closed-loop control of realization to coal seam thickness, adjuster adopts pid algorithm.
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| CN103486608A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-01 | 张久明 | Energy saving control method and energy saving system for boiler automatic combustion |
| CN105716105B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2018-07-06 | 张久明 | High efficiency boiler rate combustion energy saving control method and energy conserving system |
| CN103506406B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-10-21 | 北京和隆优化科技股份有限公司 | A kind of heating-furnace method for controlling temperature inner of fast automatic adaptation milling train rhythm |
| CN103567052B (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-08-12 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | A kind of coal pulverizer starts control system and method |
| CN103591605B (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2016-06-08 | 广州广重企业集团有限公司 | A kind of combustion monitoring Controlling System without pretreatment technology waste wood fuel boiler |
| CN104791757B (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2016-11-30 | 大连海事大学 | Combustion coal chain boiler control system and control method thereof |
| CN106319123B (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-08-17 | 广东省智能制造研究所 | A method of control coal direct combustion hot-air furnace leaving air temp |
| CN110500595B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2021-03-05 | 光大常高新环保能源(常州)有限公司 | Method suitable for waste incineration air distribution of Martin furnace |
| CN113485499B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2022-11-01 | 润电能源科学技术有限公司 | Coal feeding regulation and control method for coal quality working condition change |
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