CN103217044A - 热交换器元件及其生产方法 - Google Patents

热交换器元件及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN103217044A
CN103217044A CN2012105297759A CN201210529775A CN103217044A CN 103217044 A CN103217044 A CN 103217044A CN 2012105297759 A CN2012105297759 A CN 2012105297759A CN 201210529775 A CN201210529775 A CN 201210529775A CN 103217044 A CN103217044 A CN 103217044A
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马赛尔·里恩多
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
    • B21D28/26—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in sheets or flat parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/04—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/26—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0014—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0015—Heat and mass exchangers, e.g. with permeable walls
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/065—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/025—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being in direct contact with a heat-exchange medium or with another heat storage material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
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    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种热交换器元件，该热交换器元件允许产生焓热交换器，由此能够改变和控制并且特别地改进显能交换和潜能交换的效率。提供了一种用于生产热交换器元件的方法，该方法包括：a)生产板元件，所述板元件具有限定的外部尺寸和在边界内的区域中的皱褶，b)在预先规定的区域中以预先规定的尺寸对所述板进行穿孔，c)用具有潜能回收能力的聚合物填充穿孔，和d)使所述聚合物固化。

Description

热交换器元件及其生产方法
发明领域
本发明涉及一种热交换器元件。进一步，本发明公开了一种用于生产热交换器元件的方法。最后，本发明涉及一种包括创造性的热交换器元件的热交换器。 
背景技术
现有技术的状态是对不同的目的使用不同种类的热交换器。通常，热交换器被用于将来自一种流体或介质的热能回收到另一种中。这种热能被称作显能。一种流体、通常地空气的热能或显能，被回收到在附近流动的另一种流体例如平行流、逆流或横流中，与第一种流体相比，该流体具有更低的温度。通过将流体流逆转，两者的交换会产生更冷的流体。用于显能回收的热交换器通常由金属或塑料板制成。由于能够是横流、平行流或逆流构造，所以存在不同类型的热交换器。在板与板之间限定流动通道，使得流体能够在板之间流动。这种装置用在例如住宅和商业通风设备(HRV)中。 
另一种类型的能量交换器涉及所谓的潜能，其为水汽。为了交换潜能，已知的是，使用涂覆有干燥剂的金属或塑料衬底或由干燥剂浸渍的纤维素或聚合物制成的隔膜。在由纤维素或聚合物制成的板之间，限定或产生了空气通道，以允许流体沿着板的表面经过，从而将水汽从一个流体转移到另一个流体。因为隔膜通常不具有结构强度，所以已知的是，将框架或格栅与隔膜结合，这从而限定隔膜之间的间隔。 
在以上的结合中，该能量交换器被称作焓交换器。焓交换器允许显能和潜能的交换，从而导致总能量的回收。 
当前可用的隔膜材料通过辊输送。隔膜材料是焓交换器最关键的部分。必须将隔膜固定并且密封到一种格栅或框架，并且在某种程度上将该隔膜布置成允许流体在每个隔膜层之间流动。因此，显而易见的是，现有技术中的焓交换器是折衷的。作为当前使用隔膜的选择范围和特性的结果，这些焓交换器通常会损失显能以获得潜能。 
这种热交换器由例如WO02/072242A1中的相应的元件构成。由纤维制成的相应的隔膜被定位在栅格上。格栅是弯曲(stapled)的，从而改变板的方向以产生不同的空气流方向。 
发明内容
鉴于所提到的现有技术，本发明目的在于提供热交换器元件和热交换器以及热交换器元件的生产方法。发明的热交换器元件允许产生焓热交换器，由此能够改变和控制、特别地改进显能交换和潜能交换的效率。 
利用本发明，以上提到的目的的解决方法由根据权利要求1的用于生产热交换器元件的方法呈现。关于热交换器元件，该目的通过具有权利要求11的特征的元件解决。在权利要求18中要求保护一种热交换器。在从属权利要求中公开了改进和其它特征。 
根据本发明，提供一种混合热交换器元件，一方面，该混合热交换器元件具有足够的结构强度和密度，以便为任何类型的横流和/或逆流能量交换器产生空气流通道，从而允许使用对显能交换有利的结构坚固的材料，另一方面，通过穿孔或开口或孔的尺寸和数量，可以限定填充有聚合物溶液的区域，所述聚合物溶液具有潜能交换特性。显而易见的是，一方面，能够限定、控制和使显能交换的效率适于相应的环境(干空气、湿度、外面温度等)需求，并且另一方面，能够限定、控制和使潜能交换的效率适于相应的环境(干空气、湿度、外面温度等)需求。 
根据本发明，板元件能够由铝或塑料或铝和塑料的组合制成。该元件能够设有皱褶。皱褶能够被设计成使效率对压降的比最优化。皱褶能够被选择成当类似的板被堆叠在一起时，允许在类似的板之间形成流动通道。通过限定皱褶，一个优势将会是增加可用于能量传递的表面。这能够尽可能大地增大，甚至能够达到100％或更多的增加。此外，能够以某种方式设计皱褶，例如通过选择定向的皱褶和改变板的位置，以允许逆流或横流的构造的简单布置。 
板的边界限定一定区域，在该区域处类似的板能够以适当的方式固定在一起。这能够是焊接，例如激光焊接、超声焊接和/或折叠、压褶等。这使包装件的刚度稳定，以及允许增大期望的流动通道。边界区域可以为扁平的、舌片/凹槽系统、异形或镶边的，以允许在板之间的紧密的可密封连接。 
能够在生产板的时候执行穿孔，例如在板被模制或冲压或压花或真空成形时一体地执行。 
聚合物能够是根据现有技术的状态的一种，例如类似产品“艾克微松(Aquivion)”，“艾克微松(Aquivion)”是索维(Solvay)的商标，或“倪克萨(Nexar)”，“倪克萨(Nexar)”是克拉通(Kraton)的商标。 
例如，材料能够是由四氟乙烯、C2F4和乙烷磺酰氟产生的共聚物、1，1，2，2-四氟-2-[三氟乙烯基-氧]、C2F3-O-(CF2)2-SO2F、磺化嵌段共聚物形式的离聚物。 
然而，聚合物能够适于期望的特性和特征。 
根据本发明，聚合物作为分散体而被供应。通过在板附近以喷射、浸渍、绢印或其它层压方法用聚合物溶液填充或覆盖孔或穿孔而将分 散体带到板。显而易见的是，潜能回收的量或效率取决于由孔或穿孔提供的表面、孔或穿孔的形状和孔或穿孔的位置。所以可以使热交换器板适于环境和功能条件。 
通过使用高热传导材料作为焓隔膜的结构元件，高的显能效率得到保证。通过限定穿孔和选择聚合物，高的潜能回收得到保证。 
板的皱褶成形/压花显著地增加了交换表面。 
每块板的穿孔或开口部分能够达到总表面面积的70％或更多，例如纱窗图案。在这种情形中，该表面超过根据现有技术的扁平隔膜的表面)，并且交换器板的高显能回收特性的损失最小。在制热模式中能够达到高达85％的总能量回收效率，并且在冷却模式中能够达到高达72％的总能量回收效率。能够将多个完成的板堆积在一起，以构建包装件，该包装件在框架或外壳内产生根据本发明的热交换器。 
将显能和潜能合并到较高的总能量回收水平在一些气候带中可以消除仅对显能热交换器的需要。 
聚合物能够与添加物合并以增多或增大其属性。聚合物能够是例如高效抗菌的并且能够满足耐火性的需求(UL)。其粘度能够被调节，用以实现板的最佳可调谐交换特征，所述板的最佳可调谐交换特征允许尽可能高的湿交换。 
显而易见的是，热交换器的显能传递和潜能传递能力是可调谐和可调节的。通过穿孔的可变镶嵌几何形状，板能够适于环境条件。例如能够仅通过选择穿孔的正确位置和构成的板的正确聚合处理，而将交换器设计成在低于凝固点(-10℃)温度下运行而没有冰堆积。 
结构元件的刚度可以使板并且因此隔膜能够对付高达1Kpa的压 力差。该优势为用于商业应用的较大的交换器结构创造条件。 
本发明提供一种用于生产能量交换器板的简单方法，所述能量交换器板允许显能以及潜能交换。板的设计和可适应性允许在技术要求和/或环境条件方面最优化的热交换器的结构和设计。 
能够使用已被证实的自动化技术制成冲压、起皱、压花或真空成形的铝、不锈钢、树脂基板和/或塑料板，以获得叠置刚性板的包装件，所述自动化技术包括例如通过真空吸盘的组装和例如通过激光焊接、超声焊接和/或折叠、波形皱缩的密封。该板是耐洗、耐火、抗菌、密封例如防泄漏的。他们具有所有对于形成高效热交换器而言是必要的有价值优势。 
板的选择性的穿孔和镶嵌聚合物微孔隔膜的气密铸造允许构造结构混合镶嵌隔膜。也能够通过预编程的连续激光加工，通过类似滚针等的机械系统或通过化学蚀刻加工来执行板穿孔。 
附图说明
本发明的进一步特征和方面从下面附图变得明显。附图如下： 
图1是根据本发明的交换器板的实施例的一个示例的顶视图，并且 
图2是根据图1中的板的侧视图。 
在附图中，使用相同附图标记来指出相同的元件。 
具体实施例
交换器板1由结构刚性板2组成，该结构刚性板2由铝、塑料等制成。板2具有边缘4，该边缘4是扁平可密封边缘并且能够被变形以用于密封。边缘4的区域可被开口或偏离，如附图标记5所示，以限定例如流动通道的入口和出口。 
在边缘区域内，皱褶3被冲压或压花到板2中。当类似的板被密封在一起时，限定了流动通道。在该示例中，附图标记6指出带有穿孔的区域。 
为了清楚的目的，仅指出穿孔区域6中的一些和皱褶区域3中的一些。 
热交换器元件1展现出用于热交换的大表面，该表面通过皱褶3而被增加，所述皱褶3仅在一个方向上起皱并且在另一个表面上敞开。此外，穿孔区域6限定用于传递湿气的潜能交换区域。 
这些板将堆叠以构建例如用于通风系统的热交换器，用以将热从流出空气交换到流入空气(或在夏天反过来用于自由冷却)，以及在冬天将湿气从流出气体交换到流入气体(或在夏天或全年在热湿气候带反过来用于减少湿度)。 
附图和描述并不以任何方式限制本发明，并且仅旨在描述示例。 
附图标记： 
1热交换器元件 
2板 
3皱褶 
4边缘 
5开口的边缘 
6穿孔。 

Claims (18)

1.一种用于生产热交换器元件的方法，所述方法包括
a)生产板元件，所述板元件具有限定的外部尺寸和在边界内的区域中的皱褶，
b)在预先限定的区域中且以预先限定的尺寸对所述板进行穿孔，
c)用具有潜能回收能力的聚合物填充所述穿孔，和
d)使所述聚合物固化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，对所述板使用了铝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，对所述板使用了塑料。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述板被冲压。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述板被起皱。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述板被模制。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过冲压对所述板进行穿孔。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在模制期间形成所述穿孔。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述聚合物是磺化共聚物。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述聚合物作为分散体被施加。
11.一种热交换器元件，所述热交换器元件包括板元件，所述板元件具有限定的外部尺寸和在边界内的区域中的皱褶，所述板元件具有穿孔，所述穿孔在预先限定的区域中并且具有预先限定的尺寸，所述穿孔填充有聚合物，所述聚合物具有潜能回收能力。
12.根据权利要求11所述的热交换器元件，其特征在于，所述穿孔是小孔。
13.根据前述权利要求11到12中的任一项所述的热交换器元件，其特征在于，穿孔的区域总计是所述板元件的总表面的70％。
14.根据前述权利要求11到13中的任一项所述的热交换器元件，其特征在于，所述聚合物是磺化共聚物。
15.根据前述权利要求11到14中的任一项所述的热交换器元件，其特征在于，所述板元件具有边界，所述边界允许气密地连接到另一个类似的板元件。
16.根据前述权利要求11到15中的任一项所述的热交换器元件，其特征在于，所述板元件具有皱褶，所述皱褶使交换表面增加至100％。
17.根据前述权利要求11到16中的任一项所述的热交换器元件，其特征在于，所述皱褶被定向成用以引导流体流。
18.一种热交换器，所述热交换器具有至少三块类似板的热交换器元件，所述类似板的热交换器元件以平行定向固定到彼此，以形成允许流体流动穿过的两个流体通道，其特征在于，所述类似板的热交换器元件是根据权利要求11到17中的任一项所述的元件。
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EP2618090A1 (en) 2013-07-24
US10012450B2 (en) 2018-07-03
WO2013107554A1 (en) 2013-07-25
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JP6219031B2 (ja) 2017-10-25
RU2618736C2 (ru) 2017-05-11
CN103217044B (zh) 2016-12-21
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RU2013102114A (ru) 2014-07-27
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CA2798892C (en) 2019-06-04
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