CN103214282A - Microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and solves the problems that the existing fertilizers have low utilization rates and easily cause soil compaction. It is a fermentation product with a water content of 15wt% to 20wt% obtained by fermenting the following raw materials with inoculum liquid. The inoculum liquid and its weight ratio are: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 45%, Bacillus subtilis 35%, fermented milk Bacillus 13%, EM bacteria 7%; the raw materials and their weight proportions are: 48% of human and animal excrement, 38% of crop straw, 12% of banana peel, and 2% of traditional Chinese medicine mixture; The traditional Chinese medicine mixture and its parts by weight are 3 parts of sealwort, 6 parts of yam, 3 parts of Codonopsis, 3 parts of Changshan, 8 parts of bitter bark, 3 parts of betel nut and 3 parts of Andrographis paniculata. The organic fertilizer adopts pure biological raw materials, has good fertilizer effect, can improve soil structure, does not produce environmental pollution, and has a simple preparation method.

Description

A kind of microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a microbial organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

As the world's population continues to increase, the demand for food is also increasing, and the status of agricultural technology development is becoming more and more important. In the development of agricultural science and technology, chemical fertilizer plays a vital role. However, only 20% to 30% of the chemical fertilizers applied to the soil are absorbed and utilized by the crops of the current season, and the rest of the chemical fertilizers are fixed by the soil, forming a large amount of phosphate and nitrate deposition residues, causing waste of fertilizers and destroying the soil. Aggregate structure causes soil compaction, soil fertility decline, and arable performance become poor. Therefore, it is necessary to develop organic fertilizers to solve this problem.

Domestic waste (such as feces) or agricultural fertilizer (straw) is generally treated as garbage, which wastes manpower, material resources and land; it also pollutes the environment. If these wastes can be recycled, the production cost of fertilizers can be greatly reduced and waste It is a treasure, which benefits the country and the people.

Organic fertilizers need to be fermented to achieve better results. If the fermentation is not complete, secondary fermentation will occur after fertilization, resulting in seedling burning. In the past, composting was generally used for fermentation, using the composting raw materials. Microorganisms carry out fermentation, the fermentation period is long, the fermentation is not complete, and good fertilizer efficiency cannot be achieved, and it may also cause seedling burning.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, this microbial organic fertilizer adopts pure biological raw material, has carried out waste utilization, does not produce environmental pollution phenomenon, and preparation method is simple, and cost is low, and applying this fertilizer can make The crop yield is stable and high, and also has the effect of preventing diseases and insect pests, the preparation method is simple, and the production cost is low.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A microbial organic fertilizer is characterized in that it is a fermented product with a water content of 15wt% to 20wt% obtained from the following raw materials fermented by an inoculated bacterial liquid, the inoculated bacterial liquid and its weight ratio are: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 45 %, Bacillus subtilis 35%, Lactobacillus fermentum 13%, EM bacteria 7%;

The raw materials and their weight proportions are: 48% of human and animal manure, 38% of crop straw, 12% of banana peel (dry weight), 2% of traditional Chinese medicine mixture; the inoculation amount of fermentation inoculum solution is 1wt%;

The inoculum solution is obtained by diluting the original bacteria solution with water, and the original bacteria solution: water mass ratio is 1:80;

The traditional Chinese medicine mixture and its parts by weight are 3 parts of sealwort, 6 parts of yam, 3 parts of codonopsis, 3 parts of Changshan, 8 parts of bitter bark, 3 parts of betel nut and 3 parts of Andrographis paniculata.

Preferably, the crop straw is one or more of wheat straw, soybean straw, corn straw and rice straw.

A kind of preparation method of microbial organic fertilizer is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) Take the raw materials according to the above weight parts: 48% of human and animal manure, 38% of crop straw, 12% of banana peel (dry weight), 2% of Chinese medicine mixture, and set aside;

(2) Separately pulverize the crop stalks, banana peels and Chinese medicine mixture in step (1);

(3) Dilution of original bacteria: take four kinds of original bacteria liquids according to the weight parts of claim 1, add them to tap water, and stir evenly according to the original bacteria liquid: water mass ratio of 1:80, to obtain the inoculation bacteria liquid;

(4) Add human and animal feces, the mixture of traditional Chinese medicine and banana peel crushed in step (2) into the fermentation tank, spray the inoculum solution in (3) into the fermentation tank, the inoculum amount is 1wt%, and then spray Inoculate tap water with 20 times of bacterial liquid, ferment for 24 hours, and obtain primary fermentation material;

(5) Add the crushed crop stalks in step (2) into the fermentation tank, mix evenly with the primary fermentation material obtained in step (4), and spray tap water 20 times the inoculated bacteria solution in step (4) again, every 0.5 The rice is punched on the material, and then fermented for 6-9 days to obtain the secondary fermentation material;

(6) Dry the secondary fermentation material in step (5) until the moisture content is 15wt%-20wt%, then crush and granulate, and bag the microbial organic fertilizer.

The application method of a microbial organic fertilizer is characterized in that, when the crops are prepared before sowing, they are evenly sprinkled in at an amount of 40 kg per mu, and are applied for the second time one and a half months after the crops are sown at a rate of 30 kg per mu.

Bacillus subtilis itself synthesizes α-amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase and other enzymes, subtilisin, polymyxin, nystatin and gramicidin produced during the growth of Bacillus subtilis These active substances have obvious inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogenic bacteria of endogenous infection, and bacillus can adapt to the environment of higher and lower pH, and has strong viability.

Lactobacillus fermentum has a better fermentation effect under anaerobic conditions, and can complement other Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and EM bacteria, and can achieve better fermentation effects under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae can speed up the fermentation of raw materials (feces, straw, traditional Chinese medicine residue, etc.) and shorten the fermentation cycle. And it can produce antibacterial substances by itself, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and produce beneficial substances to prevent and control various diseases of crops.

EM bacteria are composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and other microorganisms. It can use the solar heat received by the soil or use ultraviolet rays as energy sources to separate hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen in hydrocarbons in the soil, turning harmful substances into harmless substances, and using plant root exudates, organic matter, and harmful gases (hydrogen sulfide, etc.) and carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. as substrates to synthesize sugars, amino acids, vitamins, nitrogen compounds and physiologically active substances. It has the advantages of complex structure, stable performance and complete functions. It is used for various crops, including rice, wheat, beans, potatoes, corn, oilseeds, cotton, hemp, sugarcane, tobacco, vegetables, flowers, tea, fruit trees, medicinal materials, Edible mushrooms, etc. Can make crops stable and high yield, effectively prevent pests and diseases. Enhance plant metabolism, promote photosynthesis and strengthen leaf protective film, resist pathogenic bacteria, promote the development of root system, and advance the maturity period. Produce antibacterial substances, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and produce beneficial substances to prevent and control various diseases of crops. Beneficial flora and actinomycetes in the soil symbiotically reproduce to form a good crop growth environment, improve soil fertility, loosen the soil, and thoroughly improve soil properties. Improve the quality of crops.

In human and livestock manure, the carbon-nitrogen ratio C/N<20, while the carbon-nitrogen ratio in straw and other materials is relatively high. Generally, when the C/N is 20-30:1, the fertilizer effect is better, so a certain amount of straw and other materials should be added Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to achieve better results.

Polygonatum: sweet, flat. Return spleen, lung, kidney channel. Functions and Indications: Invigorate qi and nourish yin, invigorate the spleen, moisten the lungs, and nourish the kidneys. For weakness of the spleen and stomach, fatigue and fatigue, dry mouth and lack of food, dry cough due to lung deficiency, insufficient essence and blood, internal heat and thirst.

Yam: sweet, flat. Return spleen, lung, kidney channel. Functions and indications: Tonify the spleen and nourish the stomach, promote body fluid and benefit the lungs, invigorate the kidney and astringent essence. Used for insufficiency of the spleen, lack of food, persistent diarrhea, dyspnea and cough due to lung deficiency, spermatorrhea due to kidney deficiency, leukorrhea, frequent urination, deficiency-heat and quenching thirst.

Codonopsis: sweet, flat. Return through: return spleen, lung meridian. Functions and indications: tonify the middle and replenish qi, invigorate the spleen and lung. For weakness of the spleen and lung, shortness of breath and palpitations, lack of food and loose stools, asthma and cough due to deficiency, internal heat and quenching thirst.

Radix Changshan: bitter, pungent, cold; poisonous. Return lung, liver, heart channel. Function cures mainly: cutting off malaria, robbing phlegm. For malaria. The functions and indications of Shu lacquer are similar to those of Changshan, but the effect is slightly worse.

Bitter bark: bitter; cold; little poison, liver; spleen channel, function cures mainly: clearing away heat and dampness; detoxifying and killing parasites. Main eczema; sores; scabies; ascariasis; acute gastroenteritis.

Betel nut: bitter, pungent, warm. Return stomach, large intestine channel. Functions and indications: killing insects and eliminating stagnation, lowering qi, promoting water, cutting malaria. It is used for tapeworm, roundworm, fascioliasis, abdominal pain caused by worms, stagnant diarrhea, tenesmus, edema, beriberi, and malaria.

Andrographis paniculata: bitter, cold, GUIXIN, lung, large intestine, bladder channel, function cures mainly: heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, cooling blood, detumescence. It is used for cold and fever, sore throat, aphtha of the mouth and tongue, sudden cough and overworked cough, diarrhea and dysentery, astringent pain due to hot stranguria, carbuncle and sore, and venomous snake bite.

Among them, sealwort, yam, and Codonopsis can increase the immunity of plants. Changshan, bitter bark, betel nut, and Andrographis paniculata mainly poison crop bacteria, and the combination of increasing immunity and antibacterial, Chinese medicine tissues are fermented by microorganisms into feed, and the active ingredients can increase immunity. Power and antibacterial effect, has a double effect.

The phenomenon of "burning seedlings" is that the first fermentation is not complete due to the quality of the starter and other reasons, so "secondary fermentation" occurs again. In the "secondary fermentation", the rapidly multiplying microorganisms and crop roots compete for oxygen, resulting in "burning" Seedling" phenomenon. The use of microbial fermentation can make the fertilizer fermentation more thorough, and will not cause secondary fermentation to cause seedling burning.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The rich organic matter and beneficial microorganisms in organic fertilizer can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, greatly improve the soil micro-ecological system environment, enhance soil air permeability and soil water and fertilizer retention performance, and improve the sustainable increase of soil production and income Ability.

2. The fertilizer of the present invention adopts pure biological raw materials, has good fertilizer efficiency, does not produce environmental pollution, and has a simple preparation method.

3. The formula of the present invention contains: Polygonatum, Chinese Yam, Codonopsis pilosula, Changshan, Bitter bark, Betel nut, Andrographis paniculata 7 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines that can enhance crop immunity, kill insects and bacteria. Among them, sealwort, yam, and Codonopsis can increase the immunity of plants. Changshan, bitter bark, betel nut, and Andrographis paniculata mainly poison crop bacteria, and the combination of increasing immunity and antibacterial, Chinese medicine tissues are fermented by microorganisms into feed, and the active ingredients can increase immunity. Power and antibacterial effect, has a double effect.

4. When preparing fertilizers, domestic and agricultural wastes such as human and animal manure, crop stalks, and traditional Chinese medicine residues are used to achieve the effect of waste utilization, and bacteria products are used for fermentation to make fertilizers ripen faster and more thoroughly to achieve better results, and After the organic material is thoroughly decomposed, it will not cause "burning seedlings" when applied to the ground, and it is very safe to use.

5. The added microorganisms can use plant root exudates, organic matter, harmful gases (hydrogen sulfide, etc.) and carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. as substrates to synthesize sugars, amino acids, vitamins, nitrogen compounds and physiologically active substances, which can make crops Stable and high yield, effective prevention of pests and diseases. Produce antibacterial substances, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and produce beneficial substances to prevent and control various diseases of crops. Beneficial flora and actinomycetes in the soil symbiotically reproduce to form a good crop growth environment, improve soil fertility, loosen the soil, and thoroughly improve soil properties. Improve the quality of crops.

6. The preparation method is simple and the production cost is low. The Chinese herbal medicines used in this formula are all domestic leading Chinese medicinal materials, which are cheap and easy to purchase, and the investment and energy consumption of production equipment are relatively low.

Detailed ways

In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and the examples should not be regarded as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

Example

A microbial organic fertilizer is characterized in that it is a fermented product with a water content of 15wt% to 20wt% obtained from the following raw materials fermented by an inoculated bacterial liquid, the inoculated bacterial liquid and its weight ratio are: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 45 %, Bacillus subtilis 35%, Lactobacillus fermentum 13%, EM bacteria 7%;

The raw materials and their weight proportions are: 48% of human and animal manure, 38% of crop straw, 12% of banana peel (dry weight), 2% of traditional Chinese medicine mixture; the inoculation amount of fermentation inoculum solution is 1wt%;

The inoculum solution is obtained by diluting the original bacteria solution with water, and the original bacteria solution: water mass ratio is 1:80;

The traditional Chinese medicine mixture and its parts by weight are 3 parts of sealwort, 6 parts of yam, 3 parts of codonopsis, 3 parts of Changshan, 8 parts of bitter bark, 3 parts of betel nut and 3 parts of Andrographis paniculata.

Preferably, the crop straw is one or more of wheat straw, soybean straw, corn straw and rice straw.

A kind of preparation method of microbial organic fertilizer is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) The raw materials are obtained in parts by weight according to claim 1: 48% of human and animal excrement, 38% of crop straw, 12% of banana peel (dry weight), 2% of traditional Chinese medicine mixture, and stand-by;

(2) Separately pulverize the crop stalks, banana peels and Chinese medicine mixture in step (1);

(3) Dilution of original bacteria: take four kinds of original bacteria liquids according to the weight parts of claim 1, add them to tap water, and stir evenly according to the original bacteria liquid: water mass ratio of 1:80, to obtain the inoculation bacteria liquid;

(4) Add human and animal feces, the mixture of traditional Chinese medicine and banana peel crushed in step (2) into the fermentation tank, spray the inoculum solution in (3) into the fermentation tank, the inoculum amount is 1wt%, and then spray Inoculate tap water with 20 times of bacterial liquid, ferment for 24 hours, and obtain primary fermentation material;

(6) Add the crop stalks crushed in step (2) into the fermentation tank, mix evenly with the primary fermentation material obtained in step (4), and spray tap water 20 times the inoculum solution in step (4) again, every 0.5 The rice is punched on the material, and then fermented for 6-9 days to obtain the secondary fermentation material;

(6) Dry the secondary fermentation material in step (5) until the moisture content is 15wt%-20wt%, then crush and granulate, and bag the microbial organic fertilizer.

The application method of a microbial organic fertilizer is characterized in that, when the crops are prepared before sowing, they are evenly sprinkled in at an amount of 40 kg per mu, and are applied for the second time one and a half months after the crops are sown at a rate of 30 kg per mu.

According to using method described in the present invention, the application effect of gained product in actual crop cultivation is as follows:

Tests were carried out in Linyi, Heze, Yantai and other areas of Shandong Province.

Embodiment one:

Both the experimental group and the control group were set in 3 groups. Soil for testing: fluvo-aquic soil, loamy soil, flat terrain, good drainage and water conservancy conditions, fertile soil; testing object: paddy rice.

Experimental group: the experimental group uses the microbial organic fertilizer produced by the present invention according to the method described in the present invention. When the crops are prepared before sowing, they are evenly sprinkled in, and the amount per mu is 40kg. The dosage is 30kg.

Control group: use commercially available compound fertilizers, potassium sulfate and other inorganic fertilizers, apply 80 kg of inorganic fertilizers per mu, and apply three times, with an interval of one month between each time.

Other management conditions were the same.

Both the experimental group and the control group were compared with three groups of experiments, which were applied to rice. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Results of comparative experiments on rice

group 1 group 2 group 3 average The average yield per mu of the control group Kg 585 592 608 595 Experimental group average yield per mu Kg 668 649 653 656.7 Incremental output Kg per mu 83 57 45 61.7 Yield rate 14.2% 9.63% 7.4% 10.36%

The application of the microbial organic fertilizer of the present invention has an obvious effect of increasing the yield of rice. Compared with the control group, the average increased yield per mu was 83kg, 57kg, and 45kg, respectively, and the yield increase rate was 14.2%, 9.63%, and 7.4%, and the average yield increase rate was 10.36%. Calculated according to the average market price of tomato per kilogram of 2.6 yuan, the average Mu gains were 215.38 yuan, 148.2 yuan, and 117 yuan. And the soil quality has improved, and the soil's water seepage, water retention, and air permeability capabilities have been enhanced.

Embodiment two:

Both the experimental group and the control group were set in 3 groups. Soil for the test: fluvo-aquic soil, loamy soil, flat terrain, good water flow and water conservancy conditions, fertile soil; test object: corn.

Experimental group: the experimental group uses the microbial organic fertilizer produced by the present invention according to the method described in the present invention. When the crops are prepared before sowing, they are evenly sprinkled in, and the amount per mu is 40kg. The dosage is 30kg.

Control group: use commercially available compound fertilizers, potassium sulfate and other inorganic fertilizers, apply 80 kg of inorganic fertilizers per mu, and apply three times, with an interval of one month between each time.

Other management conditions were the same.

Both the experimental group and the control group were compared with three groups of experiments, which were applied to corn. The experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2. Results of comparative experiment on corn

group 1 group 2 group 3 average The average yield per mu of the control group Kg 720 701 726 715.67 Experimental group average yield per mu Kg 862 886 893 880.33 Incremental output Kg per mu 142 185 167 164.67 Yield rate 19.73 26.39% twenty three% twenty three%

The application of the microbial organic fertilizer of the present invention has an obvious effect of increasing the yield of rice. Compared with the control group, the average increased yield per mu was 142kg, 185kg, and 167kg, respectively, and the yield increase rate was 19.73%, 26.39%, and 23%, and the average yield increase rate was 23%. Calculated according to the average market price of 2.4 yuan per kilogram of tomato, the average Mu gains were 340.8 yuan, 444 yuan, 400.8 yuan. And the soil quality has improved, and the soil's water seepage, water retention, and air permeability capabilities have been enhanced.

Compared with the application of the organic fertilizer of the present invention and the application of commercially available inorganic chemical fertilizers, the soil quality is significantly improved after three years of application, and the water seepage, water retention and air permeability of the soil are enhanced. The phenomenon of soil-borne diseases and insect pests is significantly lower than the application of inorganic fertilizers.

And the test can clearly show that the present invention is easy to use, low in cost, safe for humans and animals, harmless to plants and soil, and the like.

Claims (4)

1. microorganism organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that, it is the tunning of water content 15wt%～20wt% of being obtained after the fermentation of inoculation bacterium liquid by following raw material, and described inoculation bacterium liquid and weight proportion thereof are: yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae 45%, subtilis 35%, lactobacillus fermentum 13%, EM bacterium 7%;

Described raw material and weight proportion thereof are: human and animal excreta 48%, crop material 38%, Pericarpium Musae 12%, Chinese medicine mixture 2%; Fermentation inoculation bacterium liquid inoculum size is 1wt%; The weight percent of described Pericarpium Musae is with dry weight basis;

Described inoculation bacterium liquid is that original bacteria liquid obtains original bacteria liquid through the water dilution: quality is than being 1:80;

Described Chinese medicine mixture and weight part thereof are 3 parts of sealworts, 6 parts of Chinese yams, 3 parts of Radix Codonopsis, 3 parts of Changshans, 8 parts of Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae)s, 3 parts of betel nuts, 3 parts of Herba Andrographis.

2. a kind of microorganism organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described crop material is one or more in wheat stalk, soybean stalk, maize straw, the straw.

3. the preparation method of a microorganism organic fertilizer is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

(1) get raw material by the described weight part of claim 1: human and animal excreta 48%, crop material 38%, Pericarpium Musae 12%, Chinese medicine mixture 2%, stand-by;

(2) with the crop material in the step (1), Pericarpium Musae and Chinese medicine mixture separated pulverizing;

(3) former bacterium dilution: get four kinds of original bacteria liquids by the described weight part of claim 1, be added in the tap water, by original bacteria liquid: quality compares for 1:80 stirs, and promptly gets and inoculates bacterium liquid;

(4) human and animal excreta and the Chinese medicine mixture of pulverizing through step (2), Pericarpium Musae are added in the fermentation vat, inoculation bacterium liquid spray in (3) is added in the fermentation vat, and inoculum size is 1wt%, and then spray is inoculated the tap water of 20 times of bacterium liquid, fermentation 24h gets the one time fermentation material;

(5) will add through the crop material that step (2) is pulverized in the fermentation vat, the one time fermentation material that obtains with step (4) mixes, and sprays the tap water of inoculating 20 times of bacterium liquid in the step (4) once more, punches on material every 0.5 meter, fermented then 6～9 days, and promptly got the Secondary Fermentation material;

(6) the Secondary Fermentation material in the step (5) being dried to water content is 15wt%～20wt%, pulverizes granulation then, and pack promptly gets microorganism organic fertilizer.

4. the application process of a microorganism organic fertilizer is characterized in that, when crop is broadcast preplanting treatment, evenly be sprinkled into, and every mu of consumption 40kg, crop is after planting used every mu of consumption 30kg during one and a half months for the second time.