Background technology
The development energy saving building is the important channel that solves resource, energy problem.Be example with China, in state-owned 44,000,000,000 square metres of existing buildings, energy consumption is generally higher.Architectural energy consumption generally accounts for 30% of the total power consumption of society, adds the consumption of material of construction production process, and total accounting that consumes energy then reaches 46% to 47% in society.Wherein, the European countries that the construction unit area heating energy consumption of northern area is more close than weather condition are high 1.5 to 2 times, because of the building energy consumption height, only the regional annual just many consumption standard coals of northern heating are several hundred million tons, more seriously, in the middle of every year nearly 2,000,000,000 square metres completed floor space, have only five, 60,000,000 square metres to be energy saving building, only account for about 3%, that is to say that 97% belongs to the highly energy-consuming building.According to present building energy consumption level development, to the year two thousand twenty, China's building energy consumption will reach 10.89 hundred million tons of standard coals.Relatively China and foreign countries' building energy consumption difference can be found, it is better that developed country builds the heat insulation effect of common buildings, at body of wall thermal insulation layer efficiently arranged, and heat is difficult for transmitting inside and outside buildings.In recent years, for the needs of energy-saving and emission-reduction, China has formulated a series of code of building energy efficiency, requires new building must reach energy conservation standard, and externally body of wall must carry out outer insulation processing.External-wall heat-insulation material also must have following a few specific character except requiring outstanding heat insulation effect: 1, be non-inflammable substance, and satisfy the fire-fighting requirement.2, enough intensity is arranged, guarantee to resist the effect of various external force and internal force safely at construction process and building length of life.Application number is 200810052086.7,03140404.9 Deng patent report with the external wall insulation of foaming polymer material preparation, heat insulation effect is good, but because being main thermal insulation material with organic polymer, very easily burning also fails to make its flammability that the change of an essence is arranged even add fire retardant.Two massive losses that big fire causes of the big fire of Beijing CCTV and Jing'an District, Shanghai, it is enough prudent to remind people must have the use of organic external-wall heat-insulation material.Inorganic external-wall heat-insulation material has well solved the easy firing problem of organic external-wall heat-insulation material, most of standards that can reach A level fire protection flame retarding.But the common density of inorganic external-wall heat-insulation material is bigger, the thermal conductivity height, and heat-insulating property has to be strengthened.For improving the heat-insulating property of inorganic external-wall heat-insulation material; reduce thermal conductivity; usual method is for reducing the apparent density (apparent unit weight) of inorganic external-wall heat-insulation material; added light heat insulation material; be 201110168767.1 as application number; 200710304328.2 adopted foamed concrete or foaming magnesium chloride etc. to be that lagging material, other method adopt the low density lagging material etc. patent, as materials such as asbestos, glass bead, haydite, vermiculite, pearlstones.These material porous thermal conductive coefficients are lower, are the method insulation that 201110027771.6,200610012729.6 grades have taked to add glass bead as application number.But, these material porous, intensity is lower, with present production technique, the external wall insulation/brick intensity of making of these materials is corresponding lower, can not satisfy requirement of engineering, easily produce potential safety hazard again, for improving its intensity, need to add excessive gelling material and supplementary cementitious material, can increase its thermal conductivity widely again.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: when the preparation external-wall heat-insulation material, add nano material, exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick is carried out modification, to improve its resistance to compression, cracking resistance, slip resistance and bonding strength, produce a kind of high strength of nano material, high adiabatic exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick of containing.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: add nano material when the preparation external-wall heat-insulation material, exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick is carried out modification, to improve its resistance to compression, cracking resistance, slip resistance and bonding strength, produce a kind of high strength of nano material, high adiabatic exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick of containing.Add in the mixed system of cement, supplementary cementitious material, polymer binder, inorganic light weight thermal insulation material, fiber and water and also evenly mix particle diameter in nano level nano material, mixed system is through extrusion forming.The moulding of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick by organic polymer material cross-linking process and hydrated cementitious drying process the exterior-wall heat insulation face brick.At above-mentioned prescription, for reducing cement consumption, increase workability, add water reducer in the preparation.For accelerating cement initial set speed, improve early strength, the reduction of erection time can add an amount of hardening accelerator.
The number average bead diameter of nano material should be below 150nm, be preferably in below the 80nm, add-on can account for 0.1% to 25% of gross weight, and nano material includes but not limited to one or more mixtures in the following nano material: nano-calcium carbonate calcium powder, nano titanium dioxide powder, nano-silica powder end, nano-bentonite powder, nanometer flyash powder, nano kaoline powder, nano-calcium carbonate magnesium dust, nano oxidized magnesium dust, nano barium sulfate particulate, nanometer caking agent particulate, nano oxidized iron granules, nano aluminium oxide particulate and nanometer Calucium Silicate powder particulate.
At the cement described in the above-mentioned prescription can be but be not limited to a kind of or their two kinds and two or more mixture such as silicate cement, aluminosulfate cement, perhafnate cement, ferro-aluminate cement, white cement.
At the supplementary cementitious material described in the above-mentioned prescription can be but be not limited to limestone powder, natural volcanic ash, flyash, silicon ash, slag powders and phosphorus slag powder.
Add-on at the polymer binder described in the above-mentioned prescription can be between 0.05% to 3%, polymer binder can be but be not limited to polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ester, the modification polyoxyethylene, the polyethylene acid esters, poly-fluorocarbon resin, polystyrene, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic ester, polyacrylate, benzene emulsion, polymaleic anhydride, the polymaleic acid ester, polyvinyl chloride, ethene/vinyl laurate/vinylchlorid terpolymer rubber powder, ethene acetic ester/ethene copolymer, starch and Sumstar 190, starch ethers, carboxylated Mierocrystalline cellulose, the hydroxylation Mierocrystalline cellulose, can be they one or more mixture or its connect skill, multipolymer.Its form can be resin, can disperse micelle, emulsion, suspension liquid, emulsion or solution.
Should be at 200kg/m in the inorganic light weight thermal insulation material apparent density described in the above-mentioned prescription
3Below, can be but be not limited to glass bead that hollow haydite, expanded vermiculite, pearlstone, Hollow Glass Sphere can be their two or more mixtures.
Be preferably in below the 0.1mm at the Fibre diameter described in the above-mentioned prescription, length is preferably in below the 70mm, can be but be not limited to organic synthesis macromolecular fibre such as nylon fiber, polypropylene fibre, trevira, propionitrile fiber, tynex, polycarbonate fibre and natural polymer subbundle such as paper pulp fiber, wood pulp cellulose, tangerine rod fibers, viscose fiber, flaxen fiber, protein fibre and keratode.Can be single fiber, also can be the mixture of two or more fiber.
The consumption of water reducer is less than 1%, can be but be not limited to high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, sodium lignosulfonate, benzene sulfonate formaldehyde condensation products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonate formaldehyde condensation products, melamine sulfonate and formaldehyde polycondensate, sulfonated polystyrene, toxilic acid sulfonate polyoxyethylene ester, polyvalent alcohol sulfonate and oxyethane and epoxy propane copolymer, alpha-sulfonated fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester etc., also can be the mixture of two or more water reducer.
Hardening accelerator is used for shortening the presetting period, improve early strength, can be but be not limited to calcium chloride, sodium-chlor, Repone K, aluminum chloride, sodium formiate, Sodium Nitrite, yellow soda ash, plaster stone, can be early strength water-reducing agent, also can be the mixture of two or more hardening accelerator.
Be fixed outer wall inorganic heat preservation face brick, can reserve two or more anchor holes at brick, in order to before bonding material works that exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick is fixing on the wall in construction process.
For strengthening the waterproof moisture-proof effect of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick of the present invention, can coat water-proof coating at the outside surface of brick.Water-proof coating uses and includes but not limited to waterproofing agent of organosilicon.
Use the present invention, not only can prepare high strength, high adiabatic exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick, can also make inorganic heat preservation panel, inorganic exterior-wall heat insulation mortar.
Below be to represent that to the detected result of embodiment 1 and with diagram detection method is reference standard method GB/T 5486, JGJ 144, JG 149 and GB/T 10294 respectively.
Fig. 1 is the raising along with the nanoparticle add-on, the variation of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick ultimate compression strength.In exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick, by embodiment 1 formulation (but not adding nanoparticle), ultimate compression strength is 0.171MPa, and when improving the weight percent of nano-calcium carbonate particles gradually, exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick ultimate compression strength increases substantially.
Fig. 2 is the raising along with the nanoparticle add-on, the change of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick tensile strength.In exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick, by embodiment 1 formulation (but not adding nanoparticle), tensile strength is 0.171MPa, and when improving the weight percent of nano-calcium carbonate particles gradually, exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick tensile strength increases substantially.
Fig. 3 is the raising along with the nanoparticle add-on, the change of the tensile bond strength between exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick and the sand-cement slurry (MPa), (surface of fracture is on the foam cement plate).In exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick, by embodiment 1 formulation (but not adding nanoparticle), tensile strength is 0.153MPa, and when improving the weight percent of nano-calcium carbonate particles gradually, exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick tensile bond strength increases substantially.
Fig. 4 is the raising along with the nanoparticle add-on, and the variation of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick thermal conductivity is as seen, along with the increase of nanoparticle, very little to the influence of thermal conductivity.
To embodiment 2,3,4 detected result shows that along with the increase of nanoparticle, variation tendency and the embodiment 1 of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick ultimate compression strength, tensile strength, bonding strength and the thermal conductivity of obtaining are in full accord.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with the prior art is that the present invention adds nanoparticle to increase the homogeneity of material, reduces the generation in crack, improves its mechanical strength.This is the hole in both shutoff sand-cement slurry or the concrete because nanoparticle and polymkeric substance cooperatively interact, and reduces the generation of moisture evaporation speed and quantity inhibition microfissure by passage.Simultaneously, because nanoparticle is very little, good flowability is arranged, nanoparticle can infiltrate between the microfracture and exist, even also can permeate nanoparticle between the tabular crystal of calcium hydroxide.Because of the relatively sliding of nanoparticle, need add and contain nanoparticle polymeric film Young's modulus and become lower, can improve tensile strength and fracture toughness property.Simultaneously, along with hydrated cementitious absorbs moisture, the polymkeric substance after the dehydration is gathered into the continuous reticulated structure of three-dimensional space gradually with nanoparticle under alkaline condition, and the kind reticulated structure penetrates mutually hands over knot to be intertwined, and forms the basal body structure of densification continuously.This nanoparticle polymeric web membrane structure is passed pore, the crack in the external-wall heat-insulation material, by the connection of shuttling back and forth, forms a rubber-like spacial framework, has disperseed stress, has increased deformability.Even under stress, produce the crack, because the polymkeric substance of having filled nanoparticle strides across the crackle connection of shuttling back and forth, can suppress the development of crackle, improved fracture toughness property, deformability and the splitting resistance of hardenite.In addition, between nanoparticle and hydrated cementitious product, may exist the interaction of hydrogen bond, Van der Waals force, because of the nanoparticle particle diameter little, surface-area is huge, and special quantum effect is arranged, some active group in the nanoparticle also may with hydrated cementitious product generation chemical action, form special bridged bond effect, improve the structure of hydrated cementitious product, alleviate internal stress, thereby reduce the generation of tiny crack in the cement slurry.This structure is not only absorption, the bonding of physics, and exists the chemical action that exists with the chemical bond form.Thereby the hardened paste structure is produced favorable influence.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1; ordinary Portland cement 1000 grams, flyash 400 grams, polymer binder 50 grams; inorganic light weight thermal insulation material glass bead 1300 grams; polypropylene fibre 3 grams, modified plant fibers 3 grams, toxilic acid sulfonate polyoxyethylene ester 1.5 grams; salt solution is an amount of; add and evenly mix particle diameter restraining at the nano-calcium carbonate 70 of 60 nanometers in mixed system, mixed system will be reserved anchor hole through extrusion forming in pressing process.Forming materials by organic polymer material cross-linking process and hydrated cementitious drying process the exterior-wall heat insulation face brick, can coat the organic silicon water-proofing coating at the outside surface of brick.
Embodiment 2, embodiment 1, aluminosulfate cement 1000 grams, volcanic ash 400 grams, polymer binder 50 grams, inorganic light weight thermal insulation material hollow haydite 1200 grams, viscose fiber 5 grams, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid 2 grams, water is an amount of, add and evenly mix the most probable particle diameter restraining at the titanium dioxide fine particles 60 of 65 nanometers in mixed system, mixed system will be reserved anchor hole through extrusion forming in pressing process.Forming materials by organic polymer material cross-linking process and hydrated cementitious drying process the exterior-wall heat insulation face brick, can coat the organic silicon water-proofing coating at the outside surface of brick.
Embodiment 3, and embodiment 1, white cement 950 grams, phosphorus slag powder 500 grams, polymer binder 50 grams, inorganic light weight thermal insulation material perlite 1250 grams, trevira 3 grams, thiozell 3 grams, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonate formaldehyde condensation products 2 gram, water is an amount of, add in the mixed system and evenly mix the maximum distribution particle diameter about 70 nanometers nano silicon dioxide particles 70 grams, mixed system will be reserved anchor hole through extrusion forming in pressing process.Forming materials by organic polymer material cross-linking process and hydrated cementitious drying process the exterior-wall heat insulation face brick, can coat the organic silicon water-proofing coating at the outside surface of brick.
Embodiment 4; perhafnate cement 1000 grams, flyash 400 grams, polymer binder 50 grams; inorganic light weight thermal insulation material vermiculite and glass bead be totally 1300 grams; polycarbonate fibre 2 grams, paper pulp fiber 3 grams, melamine sulfonate and formaldehyde polycondensate 2.5 grams; water is an amount of; add in the mixed system and evenly mix particle diameter 40 nanometers nano-sized iron oxide 70 grams, mixed system will be reserved anchor hole through extrusion forming in pressing process.Forming materials by organic polymer material cross-linking process and hydrated cementitious drying process the exterior-wall heat insulation face brick, can coat the organic silicon water-proofing coating at the outside surface of brick.