The specific embodiment
Cordyceps of the present invention (Cordyceps militaris) can be selected the bacterial classification of the cordyceps of applying in arbitrary field of food.And in order to make the vigor of cordyceps in culture medium higher, the present invention has carried out long-term research to the component of culture medium, provide a kind of culture medium that can obviously strengthen cordyceps vigor.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, Cordyceps militaris soya bean of the present invention and preparation method thereof is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
1) soybean soaking
Take the soya bean of 250g, added the water of 500g, at room temperature soak 12h, the soya bean water content after soaking is controlled in 100~120% scopes.
2) sterilizing
After soya bean after soaking is drained, minute install in triangular flask, build stopper, at 121 ℃ of temperature, sterilizing 30 minutes, waits to inoculate after cooling.
3) Cordyceps militaris spawn inclined-plane is cultivated
The Cordyceps militaris spawn of keeping is inoculated on slant medium, at the temperature of 23 ℃, cultivated 7~9 days, consisting of of its slant medium: potato 18~22%, glucose 1~3%, peptone 0.1~1.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1~0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.1~0.3%, Cobastab
10.008~
?0.02%, agar 1~3%.Wherein concrete a kind of formula is as follows: potato 20%, glucose 2%, peptone 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.25%, Cobastab
10.01%, agar 2%.The method of preparation, is by 20g potato cutting, adds 100mL water, boil 20 minutes, boil with cooling procedure in constantly moisturizing, filter after being finally adjusted to 100mL.By 2g glucose, 0.5g peptone, 0.3g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.25g magnesium sulfate, 0.01g Cobastab
1, 2g agar is dissolved in 100mL potato filtrate.
4) cultivation of Cordyceps militaris seed liquor
Get area and reach 10~30 ㎜
2inclined-plane Cordyceps militaris spawn, receive in seed liquor culture medium, at the temperature of 20~25 ℃, cultivate and within 2~6 days, obtain seed liquor.The mass percent of its liquid seed culture medium consists of: potato 18~22%, glucose 1~3%, peptone 0.1~0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.03~0.1%, magnesium sulfate 0.05~0.5%.
Wherein concrete a kind of formula is as follows: potato 20%, glucose 2%, peptone 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%.The method of preparation, is by 20g potato cutting, adds 100mL water, boil 20 minutes, boil with cooling procedure in constantly moisturizing, filter after being finally adjusted to 100mL.By 2g glucose, 0.2g peptone, 0.05g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1g magnesium sulfate, be dissolved in 100mL potato filtrate.
In order better to improve the fermentative activity of the cordyceps of cultivating, in seed liquor culture medium, add Eupolyphaga sinensis peptide mixer, add quality concentration of volume percent 0.005%, in 100ml culture medium, add the Eupolyphaga sinensis peptide mixer of 0.005g.Wherein a kind of preparation method of Eupolyphaga sinensis peptide mixer is as follows:
Get the Eupolyphaga sinensis powder of 20g after freeze drying, add 400ml distilled water, with 10%NaOH, regulate pH value to 8.2, then by 300U/g raw material, add papain, enzymolysis 5h at 37 ℃.Enzymolysis liquid, at 80 ℃, is gone out after enzyme 15min, and the centrifugal 15min of rotating speed with 10000r/min, gets supernatant, obtains Eupolyphaga sinensis enzymolysis liquid.
For obtaining low-molecular-weight peptide mixer, the supernatant of enzymolysis liquid is filtered with 2500Da molecular weight milipore filter, remove macro-molecular protein, collect filtered solution, with 250Da molecular weight milipore filter, filter again, remove small molecule salt class, collect trapped fluid and concentrate, freeze drying, obtains the Eupolyphaga sinensis mixtures of polypeptides that molecular weight is less than 2500Da.
5) expansion of Cordyceps militaris seed liquor is cultivated
By above-mentioned Cordyceps militaris seed liquor, by 8~15% volume ratio, receive and expand in liquid seeds liquid culture medium, at the temperature of 20~25 ℃, carry out Cordyceps militaris and expand cultivation 2~6 days.
6) solid culture of Cordyceps militaris soya bean
Cultured Cordyceps militaris is expanded to seed liquor, by 10~25%(v/w) inoculum concentration receive after sterilizing on cooling good soya bean, at 22 ℃, cultivated after 5~8 days in darkroom, then bright chamber cultivation 3~6 days; The brightness of described bright chamber is exactly 16 watts of the incandescent lamp power that arrange in IS-RDU3 model isothermal vibration device.In the incubation of bright chamber, suitably stir.
7) dry
Cordyceps militaris soya bean after fermentation ends, is yellow~orange-yellow, with natural wind, dries in the shade, and obtains Cordyceps militaris soya bean finished product.
8) cordycepin content assaying method
Adopt high performance liquid chromatography.
The extraction of cordycepin: by the Cordyceps militaris soya bean crushing, sieve after (60 order), add 20% ethanol by the solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, extract 30~60 minutes in ultrasonic device (40KHz, 40 ℃).After cordycepin extracts and to finish, under 10000rpm rotating speed centrifugal 10 minutes.To utilize supernatant after 0.22um membrane filtration as the testing sample of measuring cordycepin.
Liquid-phase condition is that pillar is used KnauerC
18; Column temperature, room temperature; Detect wavelength, 260nm; Mobile phase, acetonitrile: water=10:90; Flow velocity: 0.4mL/min.
Cordycepin content in Cordyceps militaris soya bean prepared by the present embodiment, at 10~13g/kg, is compared and is increased to respectively 2~5 times and 15~20 times with the cordycepin content in silkworm chrysalis Cordyceps sinensis with rice Cordyceps militaris.
And by adding Eupolyphaga sinensis peptide mixer, the cordycepin in the soya bean of follow-up preparation is increased, and testing result shows, adds Eupolyphaga sinensis peptide mixer than in the situation of not adding, the content of the cordycepin in soya bean has 25~40% lifting.
In culture medium, the kind of nitrogenous source, concentration and catabolite thereof all can significantly affect cometabolism, and contain nitrogen-atoms in the molecular structure of many secondary metabolites, therefore nitrogenous source is except as forming the material of somatic cells, also can be directly as the precursor of secondary metabolite.Inorganic nitrogen-sourced because its composition is single, significant adverse is synthetic in Growth of Cells and metabolite, and while adopting compound nitrogen source, complexity and changeability because of its composition, have great importance to the anabolism of cordycepin.
Embodiment 2
1) soybean soaking
Take the soya bean of 250g, in the ratio of 1:2~1:5, add water, at room temperature soak 10~16h, make soya bean water content be controlled at 100~120%.
2) soya bean cellulase is processed
By soaked soya bean, after draining, be encased in triangular flask and add citric acid-sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution by 1:3~5 solid-liquid ratio, at 50 ℃, carrying out cellulase processes 1~3 hour, enzyme concentration is 8000~12000U/g soya bean, with flowing water flushing, after 10~20 minutes, drain, drying in the shade, place is dried 5~8 hours.Cellulase derives from green wooden enzyme, and vigor is 11000U/mg.
3) sterilizing
10~15 orders peelings soya bean particles, minute install in triangular flask, build stopper, and at 121 ℃ of temperature, sterilizing 30 minutes, waits to inoculate after cooling.
4) Cordyceps militaris spawn inclined-plane is cultivated
The Cordyceps militaris spawn of keeping is inoculated on slant medium, at the temperature of 23 ℃, cultivated 7~9 days, consisting of of its slant medium: potato 18~22%, glucose 1~3%, peptone 0.1~1.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1~0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.1~0.3%, Cobastab
10.008~
?0.02%, agar 1~3%.Wherein concrete a kind of formula is as follows: potato 20%, glucose 2%, peptone 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.25%, Cobastab
10.01%, agar 2%.The method of preparation, is by 20g potato cutting, adds 100mL water, boil 20 minutes, boil with cooling procedure in constantly moisturizing, filter after being finally adjusted to 100mL.By 2g glucose, 0.5g peptone, 0.3g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.25g magnesium sulfate, 0.01g Cobastab
1, 2g agar is dissolved in 100mL potato filtered fluid.
5) cultivation of Cordyceps militaris seed liquor
Get area and reach 10~30 ㎜
2inclined-plane Cordyceps militaris spawn, receive in seed liquor culture medium, at the temperature of 20~25 ℃, cultivate and within 2~6 days, obtain seed liquor.The mass percent of its liquid seed culture medium consists of: potato 18~22%, glucose 1~3%, peptone 0.1~0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.03~0.1%, magnesium sulfate 0.05~0.5%.
Wherein concrete a kind of formula is as follows: potato 20%, glucose 2%, peptone 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%.The method of preparation, is by 20g potato cutting, adds 100mL water, boil 20 minutes, boil with cooling procedure in constantly moisturizing, filter after being finally adjusted to 100mL.By 2g glucose, 0.2g peptone, 0.05g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1g magnesium sulfate, be dissolved in 100mL potato filtered fluid.
6) expansion of Cordyceps militaris seed liquor is cultivated
By above-mentioned Cordyceps militaris seed liquor, by 8~15% volume ratio, receive and expand in liquid seeds liquid culture medium, at the temperature of 20~25 ℃, carry out Cordyceps militaris and expand cultivation 2~6 days.
In order better to improve the fermentative activity of the cordyceps of cultivating, in seed liquor culture medium, add Eupolyphaga sinensis peptide mixer, add mass percent concentration 0.005%, in 100ml culture medium, add the Eupolyphaga sinensis peptide mixer of 0.005g.Wherein a kind of preparation method of Eupolyphaga sinensis peptide mixer is as follows:
Get the Eupolyphaga sinensis powder of 20g after freeze drying, add 400ml distilled water, with 10%NaOH, regulate pH value to 8.2, then by 300U/g raw material, add papain, enzymolysis 5h at 37 ℃.Enzymolysis liquid, at 80 ℃, is gone out after enzyme 15min, and the centrifugal 15min of rotating speed with 10000r/min, gets supernatant, obtains Eupolyphaga sinensis enzymolysis liquid.
For obtaining low-molecular-weight peptide mixer, the supernatant of enzymolysis liquid is filtered with 2500Da molecular weight milipore filter, remove macro-molecular protein, collect filtered solution, with 250Da molecular weight milipore filter, filter again, remove small molecule salt class, collect trapped fluid and concentrate, freeze drying, obtains the Eupolyphaga sinensis mixtures of polypeptides that molecular weight is less than 2500Da.
7) solid culture of Cordyceps militaris soya bean
Cultured Cordyceps militaris is expanded to seed liquor, by 10~25%(v/w) inoculum concentration receive after sterilizing on cooling good soya bean, at 22 ℃, cultivated after 5~8 days in darkroom, then bright chamber cultivation 3~6 days; The brightness of described bright chamber is exactly 16 watts of the incandescent lamp power that arrange in IS-RDU3 model isothermal vibration device.In the incubation of bright chamber, suitably stir.
8) dry
Cordyceps militaris soya bean after fermentation ends, is yellow~orange-yellow, with natural wind, dries in the shade, and obtains Cordyceps militaris soya bean finished product.
Cordycepin content in Cordyceps militaris soya bean prepared by utilization peeling soya bean, at 15~17g/kg, is not compared with removing the peel soya bean, and cordycepin content promotes 30~50%.
Embodiment 3
1) soybean soaking
Take the soya bean of 250g, in the ratio of 1:2~1:5, add water, at room temperature soak 10~16h, make soya bean water content be controlled at 100~120%.
2) soya bean cellulase is processed
By soaked soya bean, after draining, be encased in triangular flask and add citric acid-sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution by 1:3~5 solid-liquid ratio, at 50 ℃, carrying out cellulase processes 1~3 hour, enzyme concentration is 8000~12000U/g soya bean, with flowing water flushing, after 10~20 minutes, drain, drying in the shade, place is dried 5~8 hours.
3) coupling of two kinds of composition solid mediums
After peanut after soya bean after cellulase is processed and peeling is mixed in the ratio of 1:0.1~1.0, then in the ratio of 2:0.5~2.5, add water and mix, subject to sterilization.
4) sterilizing
By two kinds of composition solid mediums that match by a certain percentage, build stopper, at 121 ℃ of temperature, sterilizing 30 minutes, waits to inoculate after cooling.
5) Cordyceps militaris spawn inclined-plane is cultivated
The Cordyceps militaris spawn of keeping is inoculated on slant medium, at the temperature of 23 ℃, cultivated 7~9 days, consisting of of its slant medium: potato 18~22%, glucose 1~3%, peptone 0.1~1.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1~0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.1~0.3%, Cobastab
10.008~
?0.02%, agar 1~3%.Wherein concrete a kind of formula is as follows: potato 20%, glucose 2%, peptone 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.25%, Cobastab
10.01%, agar 2%.The method of preparation, is by 20g potato cutting, adds 100mL water, boil 20 minutes, boil with cooling procedure in constantly moisturizing, filter after being finally adjusted to 100mL.By 2g glucose, 0.5g peptone, 0.3g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.25g magnesium sulfate, 0.01g Cobastab
1, 2g agar is dissolved in 100mL potato filtered fluid.
6) cultivation of Cordyceps militaris seed liquor
Get area and reach 10~30 ㎜
2inclined-plane Cordyceps militaris spawn, receive in seed liquor culture medium, at the temperature of 20~25 ℃, cultivate and within 2~6 days, obtain seed liquor.The mass percent of its liquid seed culture medium consists of: potato 18~22%, glucose 1~3%, peptone 0.1~0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.03~0.1%, magnesium sulfate 0.05~0.5%.
Wherein concrete a kind of formula is as follows: potato 20%, glucose 2%, peptone 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%.The method of preparation, is by 20g potato cutting, adds 100mL water, boil 20 minutes, boil with cooling procedure in constantly moisturizing, filter after being finally adjusted to 100mL.By 2g glucose, 0.2g peptone, 0.05g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1g magnesium sulfate, be dissolved in 100mL potato filtered fluid.
7) expansion of Cordyceps militaris seed liquor is cultivated
By above-mentioned Cordyceps militaris seed liquor, by 8~15% volume ratio, receive and expand in liquid seeds liquid culture medium, at the temperature of 20~25 ℃, carry out Cordyceps militaris and expand cultivation 2~6 days.
In order better to improve the fermentative activity of the cordyceps of cultivating, in seed liquor culture medium, add Eupolyphaga sinensis peptide mixer, add mass percent concentration 0.005%.The preparation method of the Eupolyphaga sinensis peptide mixer wherein adding is as follows:
Get the degreasing Eupolyphaga sinensis powder of 20g after freeze drying, by 1:20 material-water ratio, add distilled water, with 10%NaOH, regulate pH value to 8.2, then press 300U/g raw material, add papain, enzymolysis 5h at 37 ℃.Enzymolysis liquid, at 80 ℃, is gone out after enzyme 15min, and the centrifugal 15min of rotating speed with 10000r/min, gets supernatant, obtains Eupolyphaga sinensis enzymolysis liquid.
For obtaining low-molecular-weight peptide mixer, the centrifugal supernatant obtaining of enzymolysis liquid is filtered with 2500Da molecular weight milipore filter, remove macro-molecular protein, collect filtered solution, with 250Da molecular weight milipore filter, filter again, remove small molecule salt class, collect trapped fluid and concentrate, freeze drying, obtains the Eupolyphaga sinensis mixtures of polypeptides that molecular weight is less than 2500Da.
8) take the Cordyceps militaris soya bean solid culture that peanut is auxiliary material
Cultured Cordyceps militaris is expanded to seed liquor, by 10~25%(v/w) inoculum concentration receive after sterilizing on cooling good soya bean, at 22 ℃, cultivated after 5~8 days in darkroom, then bright chamber cultivation 3~6 days; The brightness of described bright chamber is exactly 16 watts of the incandescent lamp power that arrange in IS-RDU3 model isothermal vibration device.In the incubation of bright chamber, suitably stir.
8, dry
Cordyceps militaris soya bean after fermentation ends, is yellow~orange-yellow, with natural wind, dries in the shade, and obtains Cordyceps militaris soya bean finished product.
Cordyceps militaris soya bean prepared by the present invention improves immunity and antioxidant effect detects:
Mouse respectively feeding contains 0(basal diet), the daily ration of 3%, 6%, 12% Cordyceps militaris soya bean (embodiment 2 preparation) and 12% common soya bean, with MDA content in mice plasma and liver, CAT, GSH-Px, T-SOD vigor and inhibition hydroxyl radicals are index, study antioxidation activity (injected in mice D-galactolipin is set up aging model) in its body; Measure immunoglobulin G, M content and cell factor interleukin-4, gamma interferon content in blood plasma and liver organization, Study Mouse immunologic function.Result shows, add Cordyceps militaris soya bean and can significantly improve CAT, GSH-Px in mice plasma and liver, T-SOD (P < 0.05) vigor, the content that suppresses hydroxyl radicals and IgG, IgM, IL-4, IFN-γ (P < 0.05), mouse spleen and liver index be can significantly improve and MDA (P < 0.05) content, the effect that there is delaying senility and improve body's immunity significantly reduced.