CN103182308A - Perovskite/metal composite oxide catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Perovskite/metal composite oxide catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a perovskite/metal composite oxide catalyst, the general expression of which is ABO3.nAOy or ABO3.nBOz, wherein A is selected from alkaline earth metals or rare earth metals, B is selected from ferrous metals, Cu, Sr or Mn, n is in the range of 0.05-0.4, and y and z are oxygen atom numbers matching the valence states of element A and B. The catalyst can all achieve good reaction performance when it is used in flue gas desulfurization, internal combustion engine tail gas purification, CO combustion-supporting agents and light degradation and other fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of composite oxide of metal and preparation method, specifically, is a kind of composite oxide catalysts and preparation method who contains perofskite type oxide.
Background technology
Along with the development of coal-fired industry and the increase of vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity, the oxynitrides of discharging (NO accounts for more than 90%), oxygen sulfur compound (SO
x), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) be on the rise.This four classes gas is contaminated environment not only, and the normal life that influence is human also can directly be detrimental to health.Therefore, a kind of catalyst that can effectively eliminate above-mentioned pernicious gas of development becomes the research focus.At present, already used three-way catalyst all is to adopt noble metal as active component basically, though catalytic performance is better, and noble metal expensive and be difficult to generally promote, thereby develop low-cost perovskite catalyst and become new demand.
The chemical general formula of perofskite type oxide is ABO
3, A is lanthanide series normally, is positioned at cubical center, can with 12 O coordinations; B is the little metallic element of ratio of ionic radii A, is positioned at cubical drift angle, can with 6 O coordinations.This structure has can control oxygen vacancies and content thereof, the characteristics such as activity of oxygen in lattice, thereby is conducive to improve the redox property of catalyst, and better heat stability.Perovskite can substitute noble metal in a lot of fields and do active component simultaneously, has reduced the preparation price.Because perovskite catalyst has unique physicochemical properties, this material has obtained research widely at aspects such as catalytic oxidation, environmental catalysis, catalytic hydrogenation, hydrocracking, photocatalysis, solid fuel cell and chemical sensors.But conventional perovskite catalyst performance is than noble metal catalyst some deficiency still, and at ABO
3On the original base A or B position are carried out the change of element and mix being difficult in the change of carrying out matter on the catalytic performance.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of perovskite/metal composite oxide catalyst, reach molecular level between the described composite oxides and mix, do not need to carry out later stage load or physical mixed, thereby improved the catalytic performance of catalyst of the present invention.
Perovskite/metal composite oxide catalyst provided by the invention, its general expression are ABO
3NAO
yOr ABO
3NBO
z, wherein A is selected from alkaline-earth metal or rare earth element, and B chosen from Fe series elements, Cu, Sr or Mn, n are that 0.05～0.4, y, z are the oxygen atomicity that mates with A, B element valence.
The present invention prepares perovskite/composite oxide of metal with sol-gel process, and perofskite type oxide is mixed at molecular level with proper proportion with metal oxide, thereby has improved the catalytic perfomance of composite oxides.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD spectra of catalyst of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the XRD spectra of perofskite type oxide.
The specific embodiment
General expression provided by the invention is ABO
3NAO
yOr ABO
3NBO
zCatalyst in, have an amount of metal element A or the oxide of B, can promote redox property and the heat endurance of perovskite type catalyst greatly.The present invention is when the preparation composite oxides, when controlling the mole of A in the reactant solution and B within the specific limits, make a kind of element wherein be in excess in another kind of element slightly, in becoming the glue process, A and B atom can carry out complexing according to 1: 1 ratio and generate perovskite complexing body, and excessive A or B atom be owing to can not form the perovskite system, and separately exist in the solution.During roasting, perovskite complexing body generates the perovskite crystal formation, and excessive A or B atom generate oxide separately when roasting, thereby forms the mixture of perofskite type oxide and metal oxide.Because two kinds of crystal formation precursors are melted in the solution altogether in the preparation process, so can reach the mixing of molecular level after dry, the roasting between two kinds of crystal formations.
General expression ABO of the present invention
3NAO
yOr ABO
3NBO
zIn, n is the molal quantity of metal oxide, described n preferred 0.05～0.2.Y, z are respectively the oxygen atomicity with A, B element valence coupling, even the oxygen atomicity that the chemical valence of oxygen element equates with A or B element valence.The span of y or z is preferably 1～2.If the metal valence state of contained oxide is+3 in the composite oxides, then the value of y or z is 3/2; If the metal valence state of described oxide is that the value of+2, y or z is 1; If the metal valence state of described oxide is that the value of+4, y or z is 2.
In the composite oxides of the present invention, A is selected from alkaline-earth metal or rare earth element, B chosen from Fe series elements, Cu, Sr or Mn, and the preferred Ca of described alkaline-earth metal, Sr or Ba, the preferred La series elements of rare earth element or Y, iron series element is Fe, Co or Ni.The preferred La of described La series elements, Ce or Pr.
Preparation of catalysts method provided by the invention comprises the steps:
(1) by the mol ratio of metallic element in the general expression soluble-salt of elements A, B is made into the solution that the metal total ion concentration is 0.1～1.0mol/L, add organic complexing agent by the amount of 0.5～0.7 times of A and B metal total mole number in the solution and fully mix, being heated to 50～80 ℃ becomes wet gel.
(2) wet gel is warming up to 100～150 ℃, heating makes wet gel dry until spontaneous combustion gradually, with the ashes grind into powder that obtains, carries out the roasting first time in 300～500 ℃, carries out the roasting second time in 700～900 ℃ again,
Said method (1) step is the preparation wet gel, and with the soluble-salt wiring solution-forming of elements A, B, GOLD FROM PLATING SOLUTION belongs to the preferred 0.1～0.8mol/L of total ion concentration earlier, and then adds organic complexing agent and make it abundant dissolving, is heated as wet gel again.Described organic complexing agent optimization citric acid, glucose, acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione or ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid.The soluble-salt of described A, B is preferably its nitrate.
Described method (2) step heats up wet gel earlier for the preparation composite oxides, preferably is warming up to 105～120 ℃, and then heating makes wet gel dry until spontaneous combustion gradually, with the ashes grind into powder that obtains, forms composite oxides through double roasting again.Preferred 350～450 ℃ of the temperature of the described roasting first time, preferred 750～850 ℃ of the temperature of roasting for the second time.
Through the composite oxides that roasting obtains, the moulding that can in all sorts of ways, as make microballoon, bead, sheet type or stripe shape also can first moulding, carries out the roasting second time again.
Catalyst provided by the invention is applicable to fields such as flue gas desulfurization, diesel locomotive tail gas clean-up, CO combustion adjuvant.
Below by example in detail the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to this.
Example 1
Prepare composite oxides of the present invention.
With La (NO
3)
36H
2O, Ni (NO
3)
26H
2O is water-soluble by 1.15: 1 mol ratio, is made into the mixed solution that total concentration of metal ions is 0.5mol/L, and the amount of pressing 0.6 times of metal ion total moles adds citric acid, stirring and dissolving 4 hours.Mixed solution is heated to 70 ℃ is stirred to and becomes wet gel, be warming up to 110 ℃, heating makes gel dry until spontaneous combustion gradually, with the ashes grind into powder that obtains, and in 400 ℃ of roastings 2 hours, compressing tablet, again in 800 ℃ of roastings 4 hours, obtaining general formula is LaNiO
30.075La
2O
3Composite oxides, be catalyst A, its XRD spectrum is seen Fig. 1 curve (1).By curve (1) as can be known, catalyst A mainly has LaNiO
3There is a small amount of La simultaneously in the characteristic peak of perovskite crystal
2O
3Characteristic peak (peak among the figure shown in the stain), the compound that has formed perovskite and metal oxide is described.
Example 2
With Y (NO
3)
36H
2O, Co (NO
3)
26H
2O is water-soluble by 1.2: 1 mol ratio, is made into the mixed solution that total concentration of metal ions is 0.5mol/L, and the amount of pressing 0.6 times of metal ion total moles adds citric acid, stirring and dissolving 4 hours.Mixed solution is heated to 70 ℃ is stirred to and becomes wet gel, be warming up to 110 ℃, heating makes gel dry until spontaneous combustion gradually, with the ashes grind into powder that obtains in 400 ℃ of roastings 2 hours, compressing tablet, again in 800 ℃ of roastings 4 hours, obtaining general formula is YCoO
30.1Y
2O
3Composite oxides, be catalyst B, its XRD spectrum is seen Fig. 1 curve (2).By curve (2) as can be known, catalyst B mainly has YCoO
3There is a small amount of Y simultaneously in the characteristic peak of perovskite crystal
2O
3Characteristic peak, the compound that has formed perovskite and metal oxide is described.
Example 3
With La (NO
3)
36H
2O, Co (NO
3)
26H
2O is water-soluble by 1: 1.25 mol ratio, is made into the mixed solution that total concentration of metal ions is 0.5mol/L, and the amount of pressing 0.6 times of metal ion total moles adds citric acid, stirring and dissolving 4 hours.Mixed solution is heated to 70 ℃ is stirred to and becomes wet gel, temperature is risen to 110 ℃, heating makes gel dry until spontaneous combustion gradually, with the ashes grind into powder that obtains in 400 ℃ of roastings 2 hours, compressing tablet, again in 800 ℃ of roastings 4 hours, obtaining general formula is LaCoO
30.125CoO composite oxides, be catalyst C, its XRD spectrum is seen Fig. 1 curve (3).By curve (3) as can be known, catalyst C mainly has LaCoO
3There is the characteristic peak of a small amount of CoO simultaneously in the characteristic peak of perovskite crystal, and the compound that has formed perovskite and metal oxide is described.
Example 4
With Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O, Mn (NO
3)
2Mol ratio by 1: 1.15 is water-soluble, is made into the mixed solution that total concentration of metal ions is 0.6mol/L, and the amount of pressing 0.5 times of metal ion total moles adds citric acid, stirring and dissolving 4 hours.Mixed solution is heated to 70 ℃ is stirred to and becomes wet gel, be warming up to 110 ℃, heating makes gel dry until spontaneous combustion gradually, with the ashes grind into powder that obtains in 400 ℃ of roastings 2 hours, compressing tablet, again in 800 ℃ of roastings 4 hours, obtaining general formula is CaMnO
30.15MnO
2Composite oxides, be catalyst D, its XRD spectrum is seen Fig. 1 curve (4).By curve (4) as can be known, catalyst D mainly has CaMnO
3There is a small amount of MnO simultaneously in the characteristic peak of perovskite crystal
2Characteristic peak, the compound that has formed perovskite and metal oxide is described.
Comparative Examples 1
The preparation perovskite catalyst.
With La (NO
3)
36H
2O, Ni (NO
3)
26H
2O is water-soluble by 1: 1 mol ratio, is made into the mixed solution that total concentration of metal ions is 0.5mol/L, and the amount of pressing 0.5 times of metal ion total mole number adds citric acid, stirring and dissolving 4 hours.Mixed solution is heated to 70 ℃ is stirred to and becomes wet gel, be warming up to 110 ℃, heating makes gel dry until spontaneous combustion gradually, with the ashes grind into powder that obtains in 400 ℃ of roastings 2 hours, compressing tablet, again in 800 ℃ of roastings 4 hours, obtaining general formula is LaNiO
3Perofskite type oxide, be catalyst M, its XRD spectrum is seen Fig. 2 curve (5).Curve (5) shows that catalyst M has the characteristic peak of perofskite type oxide.
Comparative Examples 2
With La (NO
3)
36H
2O, Co (NO
3)
26H
2O is water-soluble by 1: 1 mol ratio, is made into the mixed solution that total concentration of metal ions is 0.5mol/L, and the amount of pressing 0.5 times of metal ion total mole number adds citric acid, stirring and dissolving 4 hours.Mixed solution is heated to 70 ℃ is stirred to and becomes wet gel, be warming up to 110 ℃, heating makes gel dry until spontaneous combustion gradually, with the ashes grind into powder that obtains in 400 ℃ of roastings 2 hours, compressing tablet, again in 800 ℃ of roastings 4 hours, obtaining general formula is LaCoO
3Perofskite type oxide, be catalyst n, its XRD spectrum is seen Fig. 2 curve (6).Curve (6) shows that catalyst n has the characteristic peak of perofskite type oxide.
Example 5～10
Following example is estimated the reactivity worth that catalyst of the present invention is used for flue gas desulfurization.
It is the particle of 0.3～0.45 millimeter of granularity that catalyst is ground, and the micro fixed-bed reactor of packing into, loaded catalyst are 1g.
Earlier catalyst is carried out presulfurization: at N
2Protection is warming up to 600 ℃ with reactor down, to wherein feeding presulfurization gas, wherein contains the CO of 6.0 volume %, the SO of 3.0 volume %
2, all the other are N
2, air speed is 6000h
-1, the presulfurization time is 2 hours.
After presulfurization finishes, at N
2Protection is down to 25 ℃ with temperature of reactor down, with 6000h
-1Air speed feed simulated flue gas, it consists of SO
22 volume %, O
25 volume %, CO 14 volume %, all the other are N
2Heat up gradually, record CO, SO under the differential responses temperature
2And O
2Conversion ratio see Table 1.
CO preferentially reduces O in the course of reaction
2, excessive CO is with SO
2Be reduced to simple substance S.SO in the course of reaction
2Be difficult to by O
2Be oxidized to SO
3
As shown in Table 1, catalyst of the present invention is than the comparative catalyst, and performance obviously improves CO and SO in the flue gas desulfurization reaction
2The temperature that begins to react all significantly reduces, and illustrates that activity of such catalysts of the present invention obviously improves.
Example 11～12
Following example is estimated the reactivity worth that catalyst of the present invention is used for purifying motor tail gas.
With the following simulated maneuver tail gas of nitrogen dose volume concentration: NO 0.1%, C
3H
60.1%, CO1.0%, O
21.0%.It is the particle of 0.3～0.45 millimeter of granularity that catalyst is ground, the micro fixed-bed reactor of packing into, and loading amount is 0.2g, with 40000h
-1Air speed feed the simulated maneuver tail gas in the reactor, the conversion ratio of propane, CO and NO sees Table 2 under the differential responses temperature.
As shown in Table 2, catalyst of the present invention when handling motor-vehicle tail-gas, has higher waste gas conversion ratio than the comparative catalyst.
Table 1
Table 2
Claims (10)
1. perovskite/metal composite oxide catalyst, its general expression is ABO
3NAO
yOr ABO
3NBO
z, wherein A is selected from alkaline-earth metal or rare earth element, and B chosen from Fe series elements, Cu, Sr or Mn, n are that 0.05～0.4, y, z are respectively the oxygen atomicity that mates with A, B element valence.
2. according to the described catalyst of claim 1, it is characterized in that described n is that the span of 0.05～0.2, y or z is 1～2.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described catalyst, it is characterized in that described alkaline-earth metal is Ca, Sr or Ba, rare earth element is La series elements or Y, and iron series element is Fe, Co or Ni.
4. according to the described catalyst of claim 3, it is characterized in that described La series elements is La, Ce or Pr.
5. the described Preparation of catalysts method of claim 1 comprises the steps:
(1) by the mol ratio of metallic element in the general expression soluble-salt of elements A, B is made into the solution that the metal total ion concentration is 0.1～1.0mol/L, adding organic complexing agent by the amount of 0.5～0.7 times of A and B metal total mole number in the solution fully mixes, be heated to 50～80 ℃ and become wet gel
(2) wet gel is warming up to 100～150 ℃, heating makes wet gel dry until spontaneous combustion gradually, with the ashes grind into powder that obtains, carries out the roasting first time in 300～500 ℃, carries out the roasting second time in 700～900 ℃ again.
6. in accordance with the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that described organic complexing agent is selected from citric acid, glucose, acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione or ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid.
7. in accordance with the method for claim 5, the soluble-salt that it is characterized in that described elements A, B is its nitrate.
8. in accordance with the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that wet gel is heated to 105～120 ℃, heating makes wet gel dry until spontaneous combustion gradually again.
9. in accordance with the method for claim 5, the temperature that it is characterized in that roasting for the first time is 350～450 ℃.
10. in accordance with the method for claim 5, the temperature that it is characterized in that roasting for the second time is 750～850 ℃.
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| CN105983404A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2016-10-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Catalytic cracking CO combustion improver and preparation method thereof |
| CN107376964A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-24 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of composite photo-catalyst using adulterated with Ca and Ti ore as carrier prepares and its application |
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| CN111871422A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-11-03 | 上海交通大学 | Application of calcium-manganese oxide catalyst in degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater and soil |
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| CN111889132B (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-01-11 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Metal oxide-molecular sieve catalyst, and preparation method and application thereof |
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