CN103174424A - Breast and pillar method under long-wall arrangement - Google Patents
Breast and pillar method under long-wall arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- CN103174424A CN103174424A CN2012105159763A CN201210515976A CN103174424A CN 103174424 A CN103174424 A CN 103174424A CN 2012105159763 A CN2012105159763 A CN 2012105159763A CN 201210515976 A CN201210515976 A CN 201210515976A CN 103174424 A CN103174424 A CN 103174424A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breast and pillar method under long-wall arrangement, relates to a short-wall coal mining method under long-wall arrangement, belonging to the technical field of coal exploitation. The breast and pillar method comprises the following steps of: (1) designing and constructing a long-wall working surface haulage way, a track haulage way, and cutting holes; (2) designing coal columns and breasts; (3) installing breast and pillar type coal mining set equipment; (4) tunneling a first parallel breast and a first row of oblique crossing breasts; (5) displacing the breast and pillar type coal mining set equipment; (6) repeating the steps (3) and (5), and recovering all of the designed parallel breasts and the oblique crossing breasts; and (7) setting permanent sealing. Due to the arrangement of the coal mining method, a ventilation system is stable, safe and reliable, and in the pillar type coal mining process, the investment is few, coaling is rapid, the operation of equipment is flexible and the equipment can be removed rapidly; and by leaving the coal pillars, the surface subsidence can be greatly reduced, so that the purposes of exploiting the breasts and leaving the pillars safely and effectively, preventing surface subsidence and protecting the ground building safety are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Shortwall mining method that longwell cloth deposits, belong to the technology field.
Background technology
Coal resources in China is widely distributed, (is called for short " three times ") under building, water body, railway and presses coal amount large (approximately 14,000,000,000 tons), and " three times " press the coal mining problem to become the main bugbear that the mining area faces.Along with to coal resources high strength, large-area exploitation; caused subsidence not only can affect mining area ecological environment; and surface buildings, railway, water body, soil, ultra-high-tension power transmission line, highway bridge and culvert etc. have been caused grievous injury; have influence on mining area and even social industrial and agricultural production and sustainable development, adopt the contradiction of infringement and protection problem.For concrete mine, press the coal amount to have a strong impact on production and continue and the length of service.Therefore, how rationally reclaiming " three times " and press coal, and the impact on the earth's surface is controlled at bottom line, is that present coal enterprise has faced and the problem that must research and solve.
The Length of coal face of wall coal method is longer, and there is the tunnel that can supply transportation, ventilation and pedestrian at work plane two ends, and in work plane, the transporting direction of coal is parallel with working face wall.When work plane is pushed ahead, necessary constantly supported face, and in time process according to a certain method the goaf.Wall coal method Coal Loss is few, and the back production continuity is strong, and per unit area yield is high, and coal mining system is simpler, and to the geological conditions strong adaptability, but the coal winning technology equipment is more complicated.In the wall coal method, band exploitation commonly used and filling mining are controlled subsidence.Wherein the band exploitation is that the zone, coal seam that will exploit is divided into more regular bar belt shape, adopts one, stays one, supports overlying rock with the coal column that stays.The shortcomings such as compare with general longwall system, have drivage ratio high, production efficiency is low, and the removal of home number of times is frequent.The method of collecting coal by the means of filling need to arrange special stowage unit and the facility of cover, and cost is higher, and enough filler sources need to be arranged.
During pillar mining, goaf top plate utilizes the coal column of stope stope periphery or both sides to support, and does not process the goaf with the advance of the face after adopting.Generally be applicable to bury more shallow near horizontal thin and medium seam, and require top board better, gas emission is little.Its work plane is shorter, and coal winning technology is simple, but Multi-working-surface produce simultaneously, the advantage such as fortune coal perpendicular direction is in work plane, has mine pressure little, and overlying rock moves not obvious, and the surface subsidence value is little, particularly applicable for railways and water-bodies.But it is the series ventilations that adopt when producing more, and there is no special blower fan air feed for the work plane that the degree of depth surpasses 6m, do not meet China's " safety regulations in coal mine " about the regulation of ventilation safety aspect.
In sum, wall coal method tunnel arranges that simply the ventilation system stability and safety is reliable; And the pillar method of working can obviously reduce subsidence, and small investment, produce coal fast, equipment operation flexibly, resettlement is fast.In conjunction with both advantages, the present invention proposes the pillars of a house coal-mining method that a kind of longwell cloth deposits, both can satisfy the requirement of ventilation safety aspect, can reach again efficient forewinning and stay post, prevent subsidence, the purpose of protection surface structures safety.
Summary of the invention
Design content of the present invention is as follows, at first for back production zone, and design work face periphery tunnel protection coal column, stope drift active workings and cut a size.Then for the coal body in the back production scope, design the size of bordroom and coal column.Should consider the cutting width of continuous miner cylinder during design bordroom size, general bordroom width is the integral multiple of cylinder cutting width, normally 2 times, i.e. and 6m.During the design pillar size, consider buried depth, geostatic stress, coal seam thickness and intensity, supporting intensity, safety factor etc., guarantee coal column for the supporting role of top board, make the decrement of coal column little, the deflection of top board is little, do not cause the inbreak of bordroom top board and the wall caving of coal column.After coal column and bordroom size are determined, determine the position of coal column and bordroom, namely determine array pitch and the spacing of coal column.The array pitch of coal column (central point) is width and the bordroom width sum that coal column is vertically cut a direction, and the spacing of coal column (central point) is parallel length and the bordroom size sum of cutting a direction of coal column.After having determined regular coal column and bordroom number, with cutting a parallel direction unnecessary coal column length on average be added in each the design coal column be parallel on the length of cutting a direction; The coal pillar width unnecessary with cutting a vertical direction on average is added on the vertical width of cutting a direction of each row design coal column.Because continuous miner is longer, and the bordroom width is limited, the difficulty of turning round.Therefore, coal column is typically designed to the parallelogram with fillet, and its acute angle is usually at 45 °～75 °.According to bordroom and the relative position relation of cutting eye, be divided into parallel bordroom and oblique bordroom.The blind lane that surpasses 6m due to the degree of depth needs special blower fan air feed, and therefore, the midline length of oblique bordroom is no more than 12m, so that after the bordroom mid point is installed airtight facility, the not requirement of the special blower fan air feed of needs is all satisfied in blind lane, both sides.
After tunnel, bordroom and pillar size design are completed, adopt big gun pick or fully-mechanized digging machine or continuous miner driving form haulage way, the track gallery of coal wall and cut eye, and help skyhook to add strong supporting to top board and two, but note reserving the aperture position of parallel bordroom.Then do not arrange longwell back production a complete set of equipment not cutting intraocular, but adopt the parallel bordroom of continuous miner driving article one, be transported to belt conveyer head with shuttle car with the coal of continuous miner extraction this moment, transports haulage way by belt after transhipment; Need in addition the booster air feed, by air duct with the fresh distinguished and admirable bordroom work plane of bringing into.Article one, after parallel bordroom is completed, cut in intake entry between eye and the parallel bordroom of article one air regulator is set, reduce the air quantity of cutting eye, haulage way, track gallery bordroom parallel with article one form regular ventilation route, then coal-winning machine retreats to the aperture position of article one oblique bordroom, the driving article one of turning round oblique bordroom.At this moment, provide fresh distinguished and admirable with air duct for article one oblique bordroom; When continuous miner adopts pick anchor all-in-one, in forewinning, be top plate punching and skyhook, the side anchor pole is installed by artificial the hysteresis immediately following continuous miner; When not being pick anchor all-in-one, affect the running of shuttle car due to the existence of roof-bolter, roofbolt can manually be installed after coal-winning machine and help anchor pole to carry out supporting, but for the immediate support top board, and consider the regulation of each enterprise roof timbering empty top scope, recommendation pick anchor all-in-one.When beating the side anchor pole, should reserve the aperture position of oblique bordroom.
After first row oblique bordroom was completed, continuous miner retreated to second oblique bordroom aperture position, begins to tunnel second oblique bordroom.Meanwhile, enter article one bordroom by the workman, complement is helped anchor pole.After side anchor pole complement was completed, the obturator parallel with cutting eye installed at the place at oblique bordroom axial midpoint.After second oblique bordroom formed, continuous miner retreated to the aperture position of the 3rd oblique bordroom, began to tunnel the 3rd oblique bordroom, and meanwhile, the workman carries out rib bolt anchorage and airtight to second oblique bordroom.By that analogy, until the first row coal column all forms, the coal column of first row bordroom is reinforced and is airtightly also all completed, in two stope drift active workings also according to bordroom in relevant position installation obturator.Acting as after the first row coal column all forms of this obturator will be cut eye and be isolated fully with article one bordroom, reduce article one bordroom to cutting leaking out of eye; The second coal column also needs by airtight, second bordroom and article one bordroom to be isolated fully after all forming, and minimizing second bordroom leaks out to article one bordroom, in time forms the whole wind pressure ventilation circuit; Article three, and after the 3rd above bordroom form, also need to take identical measure.
First row oblique bordroom forms, after airtight completing, after move conveyor head and booster position, continuous miner retreats to the aperture position of the parallel bordroom of second in intake entry, begins to tunnel the parallel bordroom of second.Tunneling process is the same during with driving article one parallel bordroom, carries out simultaneously continuous miner coal breakage, roofbolt installation, shuttle vehicle coal conveying, air duct and carries fresh distinguished and admirable to development end.After the parallel bordroom of second is completed, between the parallel bordroom of article one and the parallel bordroom of second, air regulator is installed in intake entry, is made intake entry, the parallel bordroom of second, tailgate form main ventilation route; Then, continuous miner is retreated to the opening part of article one oblique bordroom of second row oblique bordroom in the second bordroom, then tunnel article one oblique bordroom in second row oblique bordroom, complete simultaneously the operation of coal breakage, fortune coal, rockbolt installation, local ventilation; Obturator between the parallel bordroom of article one bordroom parallel with second installation in coal column bolt anchorage and airtight installation, intake entry and tailgate in the driving of follow-up oblique bordroom, bordroom, all the complete process with first row oblique bordroom is identical for the position movement of conveyer and booster etc.
Article three, also the forming process with first and second parallel bordroom and the one or two row's oblique bordroom is the same for the forming process of parallel bordroom and the 3rd row's oblique bordroom, so move in circles, and bordroom coal body in the whole coal mining scope of extraction.After the driving and airtight completing of last row's oblique bordroom, arrange forever airtight at intake entry and tailgate, territory, whole goaf is isolated with normal mine ventilation system, the coal column that stays reinforcing supports the top board of anchoring, the deflection that can guarantee overlying rock is little, and subsidence can not cause the infringement to the ground building and structures.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the house pillar type coal mining method schematic diagram that a kind of longwell cloth of the present invention deposits.
In figure, 1 is the large lane of track; 2 is main haulage roadway; 3 is haulage way; 4 is the track gallery; 5 for cutting eye; 6 is the oblique bordroom; 7 is regular coal column; 8 is airtight; 9 is the border coal column; 10 is the parallel bordroom of article one; 11 is the parallel bordroom of second; 12 is air regulator; 13 is the 3rd parallel bordroom; 14 is continuous miner (pick anchor all-in-one); 15 is shuttle car; 16 is crushing engine; 17 is rubber conveyer; 18 is booster; 19 is air duct; 20 is fresh wind direction symbol; 21 are fortune coal direction symbol; 22 is the haul direction symbol; 23 is dirty wind direction symbol; 24 for stopping adopting line.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The invention provides a kind of the layout by longwell and improve draft type, reach efficient coal mining and prevent the coal-mining method of subsidence by pillars of a house coal winning technology.
As shown in Figure 1, concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
(1) lane 1 large according to track, main haulage roadway 2 and target coal body scope are keeping on reasonable width of chain pillar basis, design haulage way 3, track gallery 4 and position, section and the size of cutting eye 5, and adopt the conventional method driving to complete.
(2) according to design main haulage roadway 2, haulage way 3, the track gallery 4 such as buried depth, geostatic stress size, coal seam thickness, coal mass strength, support pattern, oblique bordroom 6, safety factor and shape and the size of cutting regular coal column 7 and border coal column 9 in 5 encirclement scopes of eye.Described oblique bordroom 6 is 45 °～75 ° with cutting eye 5 angles, and oblique bordroom 6 width are 3m～6m, are generally 3m, 4.5m, 6m, and axial length is less than 12m.According to continuous miner 14 turning needs, regular coal column 7 is the parallelogram with fillet, and border coal column 9 is trapezoidal with fillet.Rule coal column 7 is along cutting eye 5 direction length according to cutting eye 5 length mean allocation, and border coal column 9 is identical with regular coal column 7 along cutting eye 5 direction bond length. Parallel bordroom 10,11,13 width are identical with oblique bordroom 6, and length is with to cut eye 5 identical.
(3) haulage way 3, track gallery 4 and cut eye 5 and complete after, cut a 5-track gallery 4-track large lane 1 along main haulage roadway 2-haulage way 3-and form full exhaust ventilation circuit.At the interior layout rubber conveyer 17 of haulage way 3, crushing engine 16, booster 18; Making crushing engine 16 is the 25m left and right apart from the opening of the parallel bordroom 10 of article one, reserves sufficient space for continuous miner 14 and shuttle car 15; Booster 18 is arranged on crushing engine 16 upwinds, and apart from more than crushing engine 16 upwind 15m, avoids booster 18 to suck coal dust.Continuous miner 14 is moved to haulage way 3 parallel bordroom 10 opening parts of article one, and it is the development end air feed that air duct 19 is installed, and by shuttle car 15, coal body is delivered to crushing engine 16 from continuous miner 14, then by the outer main haulage roadway 2 that is transported to of rubber conveyer 17.
(4) after the parallel bordroom 10 of article one is completed, air regulator 12 is installed respectively cutting haulage way 3 and the track gallery 4 of eye between 5 bordrooms 10 parallel with article one, at the parallel bordroom 10-of the main haulage roadway 2-haulage way 3-article one track gallery 4-track large lane 1 full exhaust ventilation route of formation.At this moment, continuous miner 14 in the parallel bordroom 10 of article one is moved to article one oblique bordroom 6 opening parts of close track gallery 4 in first row oblique bordroom 6, this oblique bordroom 6 of driving of turning right; After article one oblique bordroom 6 is completed, continuous miner 14 is retreated to second oblique bordroom 6 opening parts in first row oblique bordroom 6, the driving second oblique of turning right bordroom 6.Meanwhile, the workman enters article one oblique bordroom 6 the side anchor pole is installed, and helps to install obturator 8 at the vertical coal of bordroom axis midpoint.When the 3rd oblique bordroom 6 of continuous miner 14 drivings, completed second oblique bordroom 6 is installed side anchor pole and obturator 8.The driving of back oblique bordroom 6, coal side supporting and airtight 8 are installed identical with former oblique bordrooms 6, until complete airtight 8 of the last item oblique bordroom 6.At last, change the air regulator 12 between haulage way 3 and track gallery 4 inscribe eye 5 bordrooms 10 parallel with article one into airtight 8.
(5) with crushing engine 16 and booster 18 windwards to a mobile parallel bordroom width and an oblique bordroom 6 perpendicular to the width of cutting eye 5, air regulator 12 is installed between haulage way 3 and the parallel bordroom 10 of the interior article one of track gallery 4 and the parallel bordroom 11 of second, continuous miner 14 is moved to parallel bordroom 11 opening parts of the interior second of haulage way 3.Complete the supporting of driving, coal side of the parallel bordroom 11 of second and oblique bordroom 6 and airtight 8 installation according to step (3), (4).
(6) complete the supporting of driving, coal side of all the other parallel bordrooms and oblique bordroom 6 and airtight 8 installation according to step (3), (4), (5).
(7) stop adopting haulage way 3 between line 24 and main haulage roadway 2 interior arrange permanent airtight 8, airtight 8 and main haulage roadway 2 between distance less than 8m; Stop adopting track gallery 4 between line 24 and track large lane 1 interior arrange permanent airtight 8, airtight 8 and main haulage roadway 2 between distance less than 8m; The target area back production is complete.
Claims (1)
1. the post and stall that longwell cloth deposits, is characterized in that, it includes following steps:
(1) coal wall haulage way, track gallery, cut a design and construction; (2) coal column and bordroom design; (3) the pillar mining corollary equipment is installed; (4) the parallel bordroom of article one and first row oblique bordroom driving; (5) pillar mining corollary equipment displacement; (6) step (3)～(5) are adopted in circulation, back production all the parallel bordroom of design and oblique bordrooms; (7) arrange forever airtight; Wherein
(1) coal wall haulage way, track gallery, cut a design and construction: the scope of lane large according to track, main haulage roadway and target coal body, keeping on reasonable width of chain pillar basis, design haulage way, track gallery and position, section and the size of cutting eye, and adopt the conventional method driving to complete;
(2) coal column and bordroom design: according to design main haulage roadway, haulage way, the track gallery such as buried depth, geostatic stress size, coal seam thickness, coal mass strength, support pattern, oblique bordroom, safety factor and shape and the size of cutting regular coal column and border coal column in institute's encirclement scope; Described oblique bordroom is 45 °～75 ° with cutting an angle, and oblique bordroom width is 3m～6m, is generally 3m, 4.5m, 6m, and axial length is less than 12m; According to continuous miner turning needs, regular coal column is the parallelogram with fillet, and the border coal column is trapezoidal with fillet; The rule coal column is along cutting a direction length according to cutting a length mean allocation, and the border coal column is identical with regular coal column along cutting a direction bond length; Parallel bordroom width is identical with the oblique bordroom, length with cut the eye identical;
(3) the pillar mining corollary equipment is installed: haulage way, track gallery and cut the eye driving and complete after, form full exhaust ventilation circuit along main haulage roadway-haulage way-Qie eye-track gallery-track large lane; Arrange rubber conveyer, crushing engine, booster in haulage way; Making crushing engine is the 25m left and right apart from the parallel bordroom opening of article one, reserves sufficient space for continuous miner and shuttle car; Booster is arranged on the crushing engine upwind, and apart from more than crushing engine upwind 15m, sucks coal dust to avoid booster; Continuous miner is moved to the parallel bordroom opening part of haulage way article one, and it is the development end air feed that air duct is installed, and by shuttle car, coal body is delivered to crushing engine from continuous miner, then is transported to main haulage roadway outward by rubber conveyer;
(4) the parallel bordroom of article one and first row oblique bordroom driving: after the parallel bordroom of continuous miner driving article one is completed, cut the haulage way installation air regulator of eye between bordroom parallel with article one, forming full exhaust ventilation route in the parallel bordroom of main haulage roadway-haulage way-article one-track gallery-track large lane; At this moment, continuous miner in the parallel bordroom of article one is moved to article one oblique bordroom opening part of close track gallery in first row oblique bordroom, tunnel this oblique bordroom; After article one oblique bordroom is completed, continuous miner is retreated to second oblique bordroom opening part in first row oblique bordroom, driving second oblique bordroom; Meanwhile, the workman enters article one oblique bordroom the side anchor pole is installed, and helps to install obturator at the vertical coal of bordroom axis midpoint; In like manner, when the 3rd oblique bordroom of continuous miner driving, completed second oblique bordroom is installed side anchor pole and obturator; The driving of back oblique bordroom, coal help supporting identical with the processing mode of former oblique bordrooms with airtight installation, until complete the airtight of the last item oblique bordroom; At last, between eye bordroom parallel with article one, the air regulator in haulage way changes into airtight with cutting;
(5) pillar mining corollary equipment displacement: with crushing engine with the booster windward to a mobile parallel bordroom width and the vertical width of cutting eye of oblique bordroom, between the parallel bordroom of article one and the parallel bordroom of second, air regulator is installed in haulage way, continuous miner is moved to the parallel bordroom opening part of second in haulage way;
(6) complete the supporting of driving, coal side of all parallel bordrooms and oblique bordroom and airtight installation according to step (3), (4), (5);
(7) arrange forever airtight: arrange forever airtightly in the haulage way that stops adopting between line and main haulage roadway, the distance between airtight and main haulage roadway is less than 8m; Arrange forever airtightly in the track gallery that stops adopting between line and track large lane, the distance between airtight and main haulage roadway is less than 8m; The target area back production is complete.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210515976.3A CN103174424B (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2012-11-27 | Breast and pillar method under long-wall arrangement |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210515976.3A CN103174424B (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2012-11-27 | Breast and pillar method under long-wall arrangement |
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| CN103174424A true CN103174424A (en) | 2013-06-26 |
| CN103174424B CN103174424B (en) | 2015-07-15 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2016074456A1 (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal mining method with digging, mining and filling parallel operations under control of cover rock cracks and surface subsidence |
| CN106522948A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-03-22 | 山东科技大学 | Short-wall waste rock gluing continuous mining and continuous filling mining method |
| CN109538275A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-29 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The forced ventilation method and ventilating system of a kind of longwall mining working face tail portion |
| CN111396051A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-07-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Unmanned intelligent continuous mining continuous filling water-retaining coal mining method |
| CN111894622A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-06 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Drilling and blasting construction mucking system |
| CN112593940A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-02 | 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司 | Arrangement process for remaining coal pillars and processing ground gangue by stope-type coal mining method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016074456A1 (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal mining method with digging, mining and filling parallel operations under control of cover rock cracks and surface subsidence |
| CN106522948A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-03-22 | 山东科技大学 | Short-wall waste rock gluing continuous mining and continuous filling mining method |
| CN109538275A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-29 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The forced ventilation method and ventilating system of a kind of longwall mining working face tail portion |
| CN111396051A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-07-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Unmanned intelligent continuous mining continuous filling water-retaining coal mining method |
| CN111894622A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-06 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Drilling and blasting construction mucking system |
| CN112593940A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-02 | 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司 | Arrangement process for remaining coal pillars and processing ground gangue by stope-type coal mining method |
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|---|---|
| CN103174424B (en) | 2015-07-15 |
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