CN103174109A - Rapid-slow flow smooth transition flow diversion system for riverway intersection area - Google Patents
Rapid-slow flow smooth transition flow diversion system for riverway intersection area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是河道交汇区急缓流平稳过渡导流系统，其结构是水跃消能段设置在两渠道交汇前的急流渠道上，流线型渠壁设置在急流渠道上的水跃消能段和缓流渠道之间；射流控制结构由鱼嘴、导流墙组成，导流墙置于鱼嘴顶端，并与缓流渠道平行；鱼嘴设置于流线型渠壁与缓流渠道相连的交点上，并向缓流渠道中心延伸至平稳导流渠道。优点：可避免急流直接进入缓流渠道时形成大型驻波，利于渠道行洪；可使急流渠道水流平稳改变方向，流线平顺变形，减弱甚至消除水流分离和漩涡，增大实际水流过水面积；射流控制结构有效地降低汇流口水位；保证渠道设计行洪流量，有效控制汇流口水位，有利于在土地有限的地区及城市防洪工程中大面积推广，大大减少土地的征用。
The present invention is a rapid and slow flow smooth transition diversion system in the confluence area of rivers. Its structure is that the hydraulic jump energy dissipation section is arranged on the rapid flow channel before the intersection of the two channels, and the streamlined channel wall is arranged on the hydraulic jump energy dissipation section and the slow flow channel on the rapid flow channel. between the channels; the jet flow control structure is composed of a fish mouth and a diversion wall. The diversion wall is placed on the top of the fish mouth and parallel to the slow flow channel; The center of the slow flow channel extends to the smooth diversion channel. Advantages: It can avoid the formation of large standing waves when the torrent directly enters the slow-flow channel, which is beneficial to the flood discharge of the channel; it can make the water flow in the torrent channel change direction smoothly, the streamline deforms smoothly, weaken or even eliminate the separation and vortex of the water flow, and increase the actual water flow area ; The jet flow control structure can effectively reduce the water level of the confluence; ensure the designed flood flow of the channel, and effectively control the water level of the confluence, which is conducive to large-scale promotion in areas with limited land and urban flood control projects, and greatly reduces land requisition.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the river dynamics technical field, be specifically related to a kind of for the anxious unhurried current of river course confluence smooth transition flow guide system.
Background technology
Urban economy development needs and the limitation of urban land makes river channelization serious, is tending towards concentrated.In a single day big flood occurs in the city, and consequence is hardly imaginable, so the flood passage design of channel has been proposed very high requirement.The design of channel itself is comparatively simple, is mainly to design canal cross section size and base slope according to the flood passage amount; And channel is connected design relative complex and important many with the node of channel.If design of node is bad, easily causes flood passage difficulty and cause Urban Flood Waterlogging.Channel is connected with the node of channel and should designs according to the flow shape of two channels, current trend etc., and this paper only connects to the node that unhurried current channel wide-angle enters to converge the method for river diversion that smooth transition is provided for the torrent channel.Due to the restriction of urban planning and soil utilization, the trend of channel and form can not change easily, and this is a bottleneck of city channel design of node.Also less than the design manual of mouthful complicated waterpower problem that crosses for rivers and canals, the lot of domestic and international correlative study is all for a Utopian mouth that crosses at present, although can not be directly used in engineering practice, a lot of basic theories of confluxing can be used for reference.The saliva that for example confluxes stream form it is generally acknowledged and can be divided into 7 districts, and wherein there are stagnant wake, Disengagement zone and shear layer (Fig. 1) in several important zones.The stagnant wake is the standing wave that two strands of current top-lashed actions form, and this zone reduces channel and crosses aqua region, is unfavorable for flood passage safety; The size in this zone is mainly relevant with the angle that enters to converge with the flow velocity that enters charge for remittance stream.The Disengagement zone is the whirlpool district that is positioned at into remittance channel one side, discharge area that its existence bundle is narrow; The size in this zone is mainly relevant with the angle that enters to converge with the ratio of momentum of two strands of current.Shear layer is to be positioned at the middle together vertical water layer of two strands of current, and this layer has the characteristics such as flow velocity is large, turbulent fluctuation is strong, and easily the bed surface at this place forms dell.Narrow and Channel of Downstream own is with respect to the reducing of the Upstream Canal cross-section of river to the bundle of the cross-section of river due to the Disengagement zone, and confluxing mouthful can exist sizable choking water.The height of swell is relevant with the angle that enters to converge with the ratio of momentum of two strands of current, and the momentum of two strands of current differs larger, and the angle that enters to converge is larger, and the height of swell is larger.If as seen the torrent channel enter to converge to the unhurried current channel and do not adopt special method of river diversion, the problem of appearance mainly contains: 1) torrent top punching unhurried current forms large-scale standing wave; 2) cross the saliva flow point from, form Maelstrom; 3) torrent cuts off unhurried current and causes the backflow of unhurried current channel, hinders unhurried current channel overcurrent; 4) cause the saliva position of confluxing significantly to rise, increased the risk (Fig. 2) that unrestrained top overflow occurs the channel dyke.Wherein, the 3rd problem unhurried current refluxes, and to be that torrent enters to converge the form of confluxing of unhurried current peculiar.
Summary of the invention
What the present invention proposed is the anxious unhurried current of river course confluence smooth transition flow guide system, its purpose is to overcome the problems such as the city canalization is serious, design of node is difficult, the soil utilization is nervous, native system can enter torrent remittance unhurried current channel reposefully, the generation of large-scale standing wave when avoiding torrent to enter the unhurried current channel, reducing whirlpool separates with current, on the basis that guarantees design flood passage flow, the generation of city big flood is reduced in reduce conflux saliva position.
Technical solution of the present invention: its structure is to comprise energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section, streamlined canal wall and jet vectoring structure; Wherein the energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section is arranged on the torrent channel of two channels before crossing, and streamlined canal wall is arranged between energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section and unhurried current channel on the torrent channel; The jet vectoring structure is comprised of fish mouth, guide wall, and wherein guide wall is placed in the Yu Zui top, and parallel with the unhurried current channel; Described fish mouth is arranged on streamlined canal wall and the intersection point that is connected of unhurried current channel, and extends to steady water conservancy diversion channel to the channel center of flowing slowly.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: form large-scale standing wave when 1) the present invention can avoid torrent directly to enter the unhurried current channel, be beneficial to the channel flood passage; 2) can make the torrent ditch water flow steadily change direction, the smooth-going distortion of streamline weakens and eliminates even that current separate and whirlpool, increases actual current discharge areas; 3) the present invention adopts the jet vectoring structure effectively to reduce to conflux the saliva position; 4) utilized dexterously and confluxed and jet theory, reducing under the prerequisite of city expropriation of land as far as possible, namely guaranteeing the design flood passage flow of channel, effectively controlling the saliva position of confluxing, be conducive to spread in the area of land limited and flood control works, greatly reduce expropriation of land.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the idealized saliva stream form schematic diagram that crosses.
Fig. 2 is that the torrent channel enters remittance unhurried current ditch water flow form schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that doab anxious unhurried current smooth transition flow guide system is handed in the river course.
Fig. 4 (a) is the A-A directional profile figure in Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 (b) is the A '-A ' directional profile figure in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the jet vectoring structural representation.
Fig. 6 is the velocity profile of B-C section in Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is the water level distribution map of B-C section in Fig. 3.
In figure 1 is torrent channel, the 2nd, unhurried current channel, the 3rd, steady water conservancy diversion channel, the 4th, energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section, the 5th, streamlined canal wall, the 6th, fish mouth, the 7th, guide wall, the 8th, shear layer.
The specific embodiment
As shown in drawings, the river course hands over the structure of doab anxious unhurried current smooth transition flow guide system to comprise energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section 4, streamlined canal wall 5 and jet vectoring structure; Wherein energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section 4 is arranged on the torrent channel 1 of two channels before crossing, and streamlined canal wall 5 is arranged between energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section 4 and unhurried current channel 2 on torrent channel 1; The jet vectoring structure is comprised of fish mouth 6, guide wall 7, and wherein guide wall 7 is placed in fish mouth 6 tops, and parallel with unhurried current channel 2; Described fish mouth 6 is arranged on streamlined canal wall 5 and the intersection point that is connected of unhurried current channel 2, and extends to steady water conservancy diversion channel 3 to channel 2 centers of flowing slowly.
Described guide wall 7 Main Functions are water conservancy diversion and form jet.
Described fish mouth Main Function is water conservancy diversion and supports guide wall.
The hydraulic jump partial water flow phenomenon that the water surface is jumped up suddenly when to be open-channel flow be transitioned into unhurried current from torrent; There is the rotary roll district at torrent to the unhurried current transitional region, due to the violent rotation of water body and the turbulent fluctuation in rotary roll district, and momentum-exchange frequently between rotary roll district and main flow area, greatly aggravate the rubbing action of Hydraulic Jump Region inside, thereby lost a large amount of mechanical energy of water body; Often utilize hydraulic jump to come energy dissipating in hydraulic engineering.The present invention slows down flow rate of water flow by suitably enlarging the cross-section of river at the torrent channel, utilizes weak hydraulic jump to consume a part of water body kinetic energy, forms large-scale standing wave when avoiding torrent directly to enter the unhurried current channel; Can take over the land for use the permission situation and decide by reality in the discharge area of energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section.
Water body is laminar flow at streamliner surface main manifestations, there is no or seldom have turbulent flow, and this has guaranteed that water body is subject to less resistance.Streamlined canal wall 5 can reduce the flood passage resistance, and when realizing that torrent enters the unhurried current channel, water flow stationary changes direction, the smooth-going distortion of streamline.The most important thing is that streamlined canal wall can weaken even the Disengagement zone of eliminating as shown in Figure 1 or whirlpool district as shown in Figure 2.Disengagement zone whirlpool district in other words will occur when the current streamline is undergone mutation, and not only restraints the narrow cross-section of river, is unfavorable for flood passage, and the lifting height of swell causes dyke to overflow the top overflow.And the smooth-going grain direction that must change of streamlined canal wall, effective generation that must suppress the Disengagement zone.In order to increase discharge area on the basis of few land acquisition, can use oblique canal wall.Tiltedly the canal wall can effectively reduce the height of swell.
The Main Function of described jet vectoring structure is to separate torrent and unhurried current, avoids directly into remittance, and by guiding final formation 0o to conflux (perhaps jet), thereby reach the purpose of steady water conservancy diversion.From the theory of confluxing, 0o confluxes except there being shear layer 8, and the other influences current are advanced, destroyed rivers and canals stable several current zones and all can disappear, and the height of swell of the section that confluxes can be also 0o and significantly reducing because of the angle of confluxing.From jet theory, although there is flow velocity difference in two strands of parallel current, the velocity flow profile of section of confluxing can be found out the discontinuous of flow velocity, it is must be continuous that but pressure (perhaps water level) distributes, mainly because torrent channel jet to the shear action of unhurried current channel, makes unhurried current channel water level descend.Two strands of current are not all significantly choked water phenomenon before section because conflux, so the section water level that confluxes distributes continuously, can not occur obviously choking water yet, thereby effectively control the saliva position of confluxing.
In fact, sudden change has occured in torrent ditch water flow form near jet orifice, carries out transition from torrent unhurried current downstream, a hydraulic jump has occured near that is to say jet orifice.Can be obtained by Jump Characteristics, the depth of water of downstream unhurried current (is the second sequent depth
h 2) with the torrent channel jet orifice depth of water (i.e. the first conjugate depth
h 1) relational expression be
(1)
In formula:
h 2Be the second sequent depth;
h 1It is the first conjugate depth;
FrFo Luode number for the torrent ditch water flow.
For the depth of water that reduces downstream unhurried current the second sequent depth namely as far as possible
h 2, must reduce the Fo Luode number of torrent ditch water flow as far as possible
FrAnd the Fo Luode number of torrent
Fr〉=1, so and if only if
Fr=1, the depth of water of downstream unhurried current is the second sequent depth namely
h 2Minimum, and this moment
h 2=
h 1 Fr=1 state is when namely torrent marches near jet orifice, and fluidised form just in time is converted into critical flow, thereby obvious hydraulic jump does not occur, downstream unhurried current and the direct transition of upstream torrent, and the depth of water is no longer undergone mutation.The Fo Luode of torrent ditch water flow counts design formulas
(2)
In formula:
αBe kinetic energy correction factor;
uBe torrent canal cross section mean flow rate;
gBe acceleration of gravity;
QBe the torrent design discharge of canal;
ABe the jet orifice cross-sectional area of guide wall to the formation of torrent channel canal wall.
When
Fr=1 o'clock,
h 2=
h 1So, the depth of water (saliva that namely confluxes is dark) of downstream unhurried current
h 2Calculating formula be
Can be found out by formula (4), in design discharge
QIn certain situation, the saliva that confluxes is dark
h 2Mainly by the jet orifice discharge area
ADetermine, namely by the width of jet orifice
B 1Decide.As long as select suitable jet orifice width, just can control the fluidised form that torrent walks to jet orifice, thereby control the water level of the whole mouth that confluxes.So the jet orifice width is the key of channel design of node, in the situation that known torrent design discharge of canal and mouthful design water level of confluxing, discharge area can be calculated by formula (5):
And the jet orifice width
B 1The discharge area that is obtained by canal cross section form and formula (5) is determined.
Embodiment, torrent channel 1 design discharge 188.4m
3/ s, the wide 7.2m in riverbed, base slope 1/280, the Fo Luode number is 1.22, flow-shape belongs to torrent; Unhurried current channel 2 design discharge 89.7m
3/ s, the wide 10m in riverbed, base slope 1/1000, Fo Luode number are 0.77, flow-shape belongs to unhurried current; Steady water conservancy diversion channel 3 design discharge 278.1m
3/ s, the wide 8m in riverbed, base slope 1/1000, Fo Luode number are 0.67, flow-shape belongs to unhurried current.
Described energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section 4 is arranged on the torrent channel 1 of two channels before crossing.When torrent entered energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section 4, because the cross-section of river increases, the torrent fluidised form can be converted into unhurried current by weak hydraulic jump, thereby consumes a part of water body kinetic energy, forms large-scale standing wave when avoiding torrent directly to enter unhurried current channel 2.As shown in Figure 3, the angle of flare of energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section can be taken over the land for use the permission situation and decide by reality, as 5o.
Described streamlined canal wall 5 is arranged between torrent channel energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section 4 and unhurried current channel 2.Through the current after energy dissipation by hydraulic jump during through streamlined canal wall, be laminar flow at streamliner surface main manifestations, do not have or turbulent flow is seldom arranged, make current be subject to less resistance, water flow stationary changes direction, the smooth-going distortion of streamline, thus reduced the flood passage resistance; And weaken and even eliminate current separation and whirlpool, be beneficial to flood passage.
In order to increase discharge area on the basis of few land acquisition, all streamlined canal walls 5 can use the oblique canal wall of 45o, as shown in Fig. 4 (a).Tiltedly the canal wall can effectively reduce the height of swell.The angle of torrent channel 1 and unhurried current channel 2 is set to 60o, if actual conditions allow, can further reduce to lengthen streamlined canal wall, reduces two channel angles.
The torrent design discharge of canal is 188.4m
3/ s, mouthful design head that confluxes is 4m, kinetic energy correction factor
α=1.0, acceleration of gravity
g=9.81m
2/ s, by formula (5) as can be known, discharge area is
The form of the jet orifice cross-section of river is as shown in Fig. 4 (b), and discharge area can be expressed as:
In formula:
B 1Be the distance of guide wall 7 to torrent channel 1 canal wall.
B 1Can be easy to calculate:
As shown in Figure 3, guide wall 7 is to the distance of torrent channel 1 canal wall
B 1, guide wall 7 is to the distance of unhurried current channel 2 canal walls
B 2Be respectively 5.5m and 2.5m.But more accurate data need physical experiments or numerical model simulation to determine.
The scope of application of the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.
Claims (7)
1. the anxious unhurried current of river course confluence smooth transition flow guide system, is characterized in that comprising energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section, streamlined canal wall and jet vectoring structure; Wherein the energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section is arranged on the torrent channel of two channels before crossing, and streamlined canal wall is arranged between energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section and unhurried current channel on the torrent channel; The jet vectoring structure is comprised of fish mouth, guide wall, and wherein guide wall is placed in the Yu Zui top, and parallel with the unhurried current channel; Described fish mouth is arranged on streamlined canal wall and the intersection point that is connected of unhurried current channel, and extends to steady water conservancy diversion channel to the channel center of flowing slowly.
2. the anxious unhurried current of river course confluence according to claim 1 smooth transition flow guide system, is characterized in that torrent design discharge of canal 188.4m
3/ s, the wide 7.2m in riverbed, base slope 1/280, the Fo Luode number is 1.22, flow-shape belongs to torrent; Unhurried current design discharge of canal 89.7m
3/ s, the wide 10m in riverbed, base slope 1/1000, Fo Luode number are 0.77, flow-shape belongs to unhurried current; Steady water conservancy diversion design discharge of canal 278.1m
3/ s, the wide 8m in riverbed, base slope 1/1000, Fo Luode number are 0.67, flow-shape belongs to unhurried current.
3. the anxious unhurried current of river course according to claim 1 confluence smooth transition flow guide system is characterized in that on the torrent channel before described energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section is arranged on two channels and crosses; When torrent entered the energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section, because the cross-section of river increases, the torrent fluidised form can be converted into unhurried current by weak hydraulic jump, thereby consumes a part of water body kinetic energy, forms large-scale standing wave, the angle of flare 5o of energy dissipation by hydraulic jump section when avoiding torrent directly to enter the unhurried current channel.
4. the anxious unhurried current of river course confluence according to claim 1 smooth transition flow guide system, is characterized in that described streamlined canal wall uses the oblique canal wall of 45o.
5. the anxious unhurried current of river course confluence according to claim 1 smooth transition flow guide system, is characterized in that the angle of described torrent channel and unhurried current channel is set to 60o.
6. the anxious unhurried current of river course confluence according to claim 1 smooth transition flow guide system, is characterized in that described fish mouth is the thin prismatic wall of a long 20m.
7. the anxious unhurried current of river course confluence according to claim 1 smooth transition flow guide system, is characterized in that guide wall is the thin-wall of a long 18m, and guide wall is to the distance of torrent channel canal wall
B 1It is the key of anxious unhurried current smooth transition flow guide system design; Select suitable jet orifice width
B 1, when making torrent march near jet orifice, fluidised form just in time is converted into critical flow, thereby obvious hydraulic jump does not occur, and the unhurried current conjugate depth is minimum, downstream unhurried current and the direct transition of upstream torrent, the depth of water is no longer undergone mutation, thereby controls the whole water level that confluxes mouthful; Guide wall is to the distance of torrent channel canal wall
B 1By the jet orifice cross-sectional area
ADesign formulas:
Determine with the form of the jet orifice cross-section of river; In formula:
αBe kinetic energy correction factor;
gBe acceleration of gravity;
QBe the torrent design discharge of canal;
h 2Be mouthful design head that confluxes; When mouthful design head that confluxes
h 2During for 4m, obtain guide wall to the distance of torrent channel canal wall
B 1, guide wall is to the distance of unhurried current channel canal wall
B 2Be respectively 5.5m and 2.5m.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103526820A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-22 | 天津大学 | Eccentric sand clock type diversion ditch |
| CN103966974A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-06 | 四川大学 | Arch dyke line of river confluence area, method for creating arch dyke line and application of arch dyke line |
| CN109371913A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-22 | 黄子 | Inhibit the channel and its design method of water flow unstability and roll wave |
| WO2020027738A1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Tek Moflow Pte. Ltd. | Flow control gate assembly |
| CN113152360A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-23 | 扬州大学 | Intelligent adjustment and optimization flow guide device for river confluence flow field and application |
| CN116024932A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-04-28 | 河海大学 | A method for collecting driftwood |
| CN116084338A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-05-09 | 重庆交通大学 | Method for treating main flow of large-fall large-included-angle canal tributary |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103526820A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-22 | 天津大学 | Eccentric sand clock type diversion ditch |
| CN103966974A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-06 | 四川大学 | Arch dyke line of river confluence area, method for creating arch dyke line and application of arch dyke line |
| CN103966974B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2015-08-12 | 四川大学 | The arc dike line of river intersectional region and construction process thereof and application |
| WO2020027738A1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Tek Moflow Pte. Ltd. | Flow control gate assembly |
| CN109371913A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-22 | 黄子 | Inhibit the channel and its design method of water flow unstability and roll wave |
| CN113152360A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-23 | 扬州大学 | Intelligent adjustment and optimization flow guide device for river confluence flow field and application |
| CN113152360B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-03-11 | 扬州大学 | Intelligent adjustment and optimization of diversion device for river confluence flow field and its application |
| CN116024932A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-04-28 | 河海大学 | A method for collecting driftwood |
| CN116024932B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2025-09-12 | 河海大学 | Driftwood collection method |
| CN116084338A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-05-09 | 重庆交通大学 | Method for treating main flow of large-fall large-included-angle canal tributary |
| CN116084338B (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2024-05-24 | 重庆交通大学 | The method of regulating the tributaries of the canal with large drop and large angle to merge into the main stream |
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| CN103174109B (en) | 2015-08-05 |
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