CN103134177A - 生物质无灰燃烧炉 - Google Patents
生物质无灰燃烧炉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103134177A CN103134177A CN2013100909630A CN201310090963A CN103134177A CN 103134177 A CN103134177 A CN 103134177A CN 2013100909630 A CN2013100909630 A CN 2013100909630A CN 201310090963 A CN201310090963 A CN 201310090963A CN 103134177 A CN103134177 A CN 103134177A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- burner hearth
- ajutage
- combustion furnace
- living beings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000005139 Lycium andersonii Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本发明及一种供热设备，即一种生物质无灰燃烧炉，其特点是：所说的送风管(7)端口所对的炉膛(2)内壁，以及送风管(7)上方的炉膛(2)内壁，是由圆弧面圆滑连接形成的圆拱形曲面，进入炉膛(2)的送风管(7)上侧开有负压口(8)，在负压口(8)助燃风先经过的一侧边缘设有向后下方斜向弯折的压风片(9)，炉体(1)外面送风管(7)接通燃料输送管(5)。其有益效果是：燃料随风进入炉膛后上下旋转飞行燃烧，不易堆积，未燃尽的燃料被吸回送风管，再次喷出燃烧，燃烧更加充分，几乎没有灰分残留。加之储热室储存大量热能，可提高炉膛温度。送风管通过储热室，使燃料和助燃风得到预热，大量助燃风取自炉膛，由此造成炉温的持续积累，达到或接近压缩秸秆及煤炭的热量，可以作为热风炉、热水炉、油炉等多种换热设备，替代燃煤炉具进行各种供热作业，对于节约煤炭、保护环境、充分利用农作物秸秆、提高秸秆的价值和增加农民收入，都具有重要的意义。
Description
生物质无灰燃烧炉
技术领域
[0001] 本发明及一种供热设备，即ー种生物质无灰燃烧炉。
背景技术
[0002] 农作物秸杆以及杂草、碎木等生物质燃料，量大价廉，是宝贵的热能资源，如果将其用于エ业生产及大面积供热，对于替代煤炭、燃油等矿物质燃料、节约能源、保护环境、解决农村秸杆处理难题、提高农民收入，都具有重要的作用。可是，由于生物质密度小，燃点低，300-500°C即可燃烧，炉温一般不超过600°C，不能满足エ业锅炉及大面积集中供热锅炉的需求。此外，由于燃烧温度低，只能燃烧一部分可燃物，另ー些固体物，特别是有害的苯类衍生物以及ニ恶类物质，不能燃尽而成为灰分。这样，既降低了热效率，还会污染环境。为了解决这个问题，人们把秸杆粉碎挤压成高密度的颗粒，使其単位体积的热量接近煤炭，提高了秸杆的燃烧温度。可是，压缩颗粒的成本太高，只能用于利润率较高的产业，还不能普遍推广应用。因此，我们希望不经过压缩，就能够提高秸杆燃料的燃烧温度，使秸杆燃料满足エ业生产的需要。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明目的是提供一种能够燃用不经压缩的生物质燃料，且能显著提高燃烧温度，达到或接近压缩秸杆燃料或煤炭的燃烧温度，燃料燃烧充分，灰分极少的无灰燃烧炉。
[0004] 上述目的是由以下技术方案实现的:研制ー种生物质无灰燃烧炉，包括炉体、炉膛和风机，风机的送风管从炉体ー侧进入炉膛，炉体上方设有热量输出管。其特点是:所说的送风管端ロ所对的炉膛内壁，以及送风管上方的炉膛内壁，是由圆弧面圆滑连接形成的圆拱形曲面，进入炉膛的送风管上侧开有负压ロ，在负压ロ助燃风先经过的ー侧边缘设有向后下方斜向弯折的压风片，炉体外面送风管接通燃料输送管。
[0005] 所说的送风管在负压ロ处断开。
[0006] 所说的负压ロ的压风片是在断开处口径内收而形成的锥状环。
[0007] 所说的炉膛和热量输出管的ー侧下部开ロ与引风管相接，引风管的另一端接风机的进风ロ。
[0008] 所说的炉膛与引风管相接处是下凹的沉降池。
[0009] 所说的炉膛到热量输出管之间设有储热室，储热室内设有多个吸热块，送风管穿过储热室进入炉膛。
[0010] 所说的炉体的外围设有水套，水套设有出水管和回水管，出水管和回水管与用热器的两端相接。
[0011] 所说的炉体的热量输出管上装有换热器。
[0012] 所说的炉膛在送风管进入ー侧的内壁内侧设有滤挡筛，滤挡筛由多片挡板对接而成，各个挡板之间留有间隙。
[0013] 所说的送风管的出ロ端上侧装有竖立且回折的阻风板。[0014] 本发明的有益效果是:燃料随风进入炉膛后上下旋转飞行燃烧，不易堆积，未燃尽的燃料被吸回送风管，再次喷出燃烧，燃烧更加充分，几乎没有灰分残留。加之储热室储存大量热能，可提高炉膛温度。送风管通过储热室，使燃料和助燃风得到预热，大量助燃风取自炉膛，由此造成炉温的持续积累，达到或接近压缩秸杆及煤炭的热量，可以作为热风炉、热水炉、油炉等多种换热设备，替代燃煤炉具进行各种供热作业，对于节约煤炭、保护环境、充分利用农作物秸杆、提高秸杆的价值和増加农民收入，都具有重要的意义。
附图说明
[0015] 图1是第一种实施例的主视图；
[0016] 图2是第一种实施例的俯视图；
[0017] 图3是第一种实施例的部件送风管的主视图；
[0018] 图4是第二种实施例的部件送风管的主视图；
[0019] 图5是第三种实施例的部件送风管的主视图；
[0020] 图6是第四种实施例的主视图；
[0021] 图7是第四种实施例的俯视图；
[0022] 图8是第五种实施例的主视图；
[0023] 图9是第六种实施例的主视图；
[0024] 图10是第七种实施例的主视图；
[0025] 图11是第八种实施例的主视图。
[0026] 图中可见:炉体1，炉膛2，热量输出管3，限流阀4，燃料输送管5，风机6，送风管7，负压ロ 8，压风片9，引风管10，储热室11，吸热块12，水套13，出水管14，回水管15，换热器16，滤挡筛17，挡板18，阻风板19，清灰孔20，维护门21，沉降池22。
具体实施方式
[0027] 第一种实施例:如图1、2所示，这种生物质无灰燃烧炉的炉体I里面有炉膛2，炉膛一侧有热量输出管3,热量输出管3上设有限流阀4。炉体I的外面设有燃料输送管5和风机6，燃料输送管5的下端与风机6的送风管7相通，送风管7进入炉膛2。炉膛2的内壁两侧为平面，其余前后上下四面内壁，即送风管7端ロ所对的炉膛2内壁，以及送风管7上方的炉膛2内壁，是由多个圆弧面圆滑连接，形成连续的接近闭合的圆拱形曲面。结合图3可见，送风管7进入炉膛2的一段上侧开有负压ロ 8，在负压ロ 8助燃风先经过的ー侧边缘设有向后下方斜向弯折的压风片9。
[0028] 工作时，先将秸杆切成小段，装入燃料斗，开动风机7，燃料即可出燃料输送管5进入送风管7，随助燃风吹送到炉膛2内点燃。由于炉膛2内壁为圆滑弧面，助燃风打入后顺壁面上下旋转，秸杆燃料也随风上下旋转燃烧。送风管7里面的助燃风在经过负压ロ 8的时候，上部气流被压风片9阻挡而向下流动，加快了下部风的流速，同时也在负压ロ 8的上方形成了一个负压区。这样，一部分旋转燃烧的燃料和气流被吸入负压区，再次从送风管8抛出而进行旋转燃烧。大量实验证明，由于燃料比气流更重，下落速度更快，炉膛2内经一次旋转没有燃尽的燃料，绝大部分被吸入负压ロ 8再次喷出燃烧。这样，生物质燃料反复在飞行中燃烧，氧气充足，燃烧充分，炉内温度可以达到600-800°C。据有关资料表明，秸杆燃料在燃点300-500°C燃烧后所留下的灰分，在600°C以上的温度下还可以继续燃烧，在800°C下基本可以氧化燃尽，很少残留，由此达到灰分极少的效果。秸杆燃料在燃点300-500°C燃烧后所留下的灰分，含有多种污染物，将其燃尽，不仅可以提高热效率，同时还可以消除污染排放。
[0029] 第二种实施例:如图4所示，这种炉具与前一实施例的结构基本一祥，所不同的是送风管7在负压ロ 8处断开，这应当属于负压ロ 8的ー种极端的形式。实验证明，送风管在负压ロ 8处适当的断开的效果更好，而且便于制造安装。
[0030] 第三种实施例:如图5所示，送风管7在负压ロ 8处断开，而压风片9在断端形成的锥状环，在周围形成负压区。
[0031] 第四种实施例:如图6、7所示，这种炉具有炉体1、炉膛2、热量输出管3、限流阀4、燃料输送管5、风机6、送风管7,送风管7设有负压ロ 8。上述结构与第一种实施例基本相同，所不同的是:在炉膛2和热量输出管3的下方接出引风管10，引风管10另一端接风机6的进风ロ。引风管6的口径可控，风机6把炉膛2内的热风适量抽回后再打入炉膛2，避免低温助燃风对炉膛温度的影响，使炉膛2内的温度不断积累，可以达到800-900°C，秸杆燃料的灰分基本可以氧化燃尽，既可提高热效率，还可以消除污染排放。
[0032] 第五种实施例:如图8所示，这种炉具除了炉体1、炉膛2、热量输出管3、限流阀4、燃料输送管5、风机6、送风管7、负压ロ 8以外，在炉膛2与热量输出管3的下部设有储热室11，储热室11内设有多个吸热块12，吸热块12可以是耐火砖等耐热并吸热的材料。炉膛2的热量在进入热量输出管3之前通过储热室11，把一部分热量留在储热室11，可以显著的提高炉膛温度。同时，没有燃尽的燃料反复触碰吸热块4而再次燃烧，提高了热效率。送风管7穿过储热室11进入炉膛2，进ー步提高了助燃风的温度，有利于炉膛温度的积累。炉膛温度可达到900-1000で，秸杆燃料的灰分可以氧化燃尽，没有残留，可提高热效率，消除污染排放。
[0033] 第六种实施例:如图9所示，这种炉具除了炉体1、炉膛2、热量输出管3、限流阀4、燃料输送管5、风机6、送风管7、负压ロ 8以外，炉体I的外面加装了水套13，水套13是由两层壁板构成的一个装水的空腔，上部设有出水管14，下部设有回水管15，出水管14和回水管15分别与用热器的两端连接，构成闭合的热交换回路，把炉内的热能传递到用热场所。
[0034] 此外，在炉体I的热量输出管3的上方还装有换热器16，可以把烟气的热量转换成其他导热载体，供应各种场所使用。
[0035] 第七种实施例:如图10所示，炉膛2在送风管7进入ー侧的内壁内侧设有滤挡筛17，滤挡筛17由多片挡板18对接而成，各个挡板18之间留有间隙。这种滤挡筛17的作用是把没有燃尽的燃料阻拦下来，由于挡板18的温度很高，燃料可以进一步燃烧，没有完全烧尽的燃料再落到负压ロ 8，重新打出燃烧。而大部分热气流则从挡板18的间隙流出，经过储热室11，从热量输出管3输出。
[0036] 此外，图中的送风管7的出ロ端上侧装有竖立且回折的阻风板19。其作用是阻挡ー时没有进入负压ロ 8的燃料和气流，迫使其回流进入负压ロ 8再次喷出燃烧。
[0037] 正常情况下，这种炉具没有灰分残留，但在使用不合理，或出现故障时，还可能出现灰分残留。为此，在炉体I的下面设有可开关的清灰孔20，需要时打开清理灰烬。
[0038] 第八种实施例:如图11所示，这种炉具有炉体1、炉膛2、热量输出管3、限流阀4、燃料输送管5、风机6、送风管7，送风管7设有负压ロ 8，炉膛2和热量输出管3之间设有储热室11，储热室11里面设有吸热块12。在炉膛2和热量输出管3的下方接出引风管10，弓丨风管10另一端接风机6的进风ロ。其特点上:炉膛2和热量输出管3下方的引风管6接ロ处有ー个下凹的沉降池22，一些没有燃尽的颗粒物会落在沉降池22里面，被风机6抽回后再次打入炉膛2燃烧。实验证明:这种炉具的炉膛温度可达到1000-1200°C，秸杆燃料的灰分完全可以氧化燃尽，没有残留。
[0039] 图中还可看到，炉膛ー侧设有可开关的维护门21，以被维修观察之用。
Claims (10)
1.ー种生物质无灰燃烧炉，包括炉体(I)、炉膛(2)和风机¢)，风机¢)的送风管从(7)炉体ー侧进入炉膛(2)，炉体(I)上方设有热量输出管(3)，其特征在于:所说的送风管(7)端ロ所对的炉膛⑵内壁，以及送风管(7)上方的炉膛⑵内壁，是由圆弧面圆滑连接形成的圆拱形曲面，进入炉膛(2)的送风管(7)上侧开有负压ロ(8)，在负压ロ(8)助燃风先经过的一侧边缘设有向后下方斜向弯折的压风片(9)，炉体(I)外面送风管(7)接通燃料输送管(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物质无灰燃烧炉，其特征在于:所说的送风管(7)在负压ロ⑶处断开。
3.根据权利要求1和2所述的生物质无灰燃烧炉，其特征在干:所说的负压ロ(8)的压风片(9)是在断开处口径内收而形成的锥状环。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生物质无灰燃烧炉，其特征在于:所说的炉膛(2)和热量输出管⑶的ー侧下部开ロ与引风管(10)相接，引风管(10)的另一端接风机(6)的进风ロ。.5.根据权利要求1所述的生物质无灰燃烧炉，其特征在于:所说的炉膛(2)与引风管(10)相接处是下凹的沉降池(22)。
5.略
6.根据权利要求1所述的生物 质无灰燃烧炉，其特征在于:所说的炉膛(2)到热量输出管⑶之间设有储热室(11)，储热室(11)内设有多个吸热块(12)，送风管(7)穿过储热室(11)进入炉膛⑵。
7.根据权利要求1所述的生 物质无灰燃烧炉，其特征在于:所说的炉体(I)的外围设有水套(13)，水套(13)设有出水管(14)和回水管(15)，出水管(14)和回水管(15)与用热器的两端相接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的生物质无灰燃烧炉，其特征在于:所说的炉体(I)的热量输出管(3)上装有换热器(16)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的生物质无灰燃烧炉，其特征在于:所说的炉膛(2)在送风管(7)进入ー侧的内壁内侧设有滤挡筛(17)，滤挡筛(17)由多片挡板(18)对接而成，各个挡板(18)之间留有间隙。
10.根据权利要求1所述的生物质无灰燃烧炉，其特征在干:所说的送风管(7)的出口端上侧装有竖立且回折的阻风板(19)。
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