CN103098755A - Breeding method of free-range laying hens - Google Patents
Breeding method of free-range laying hens Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of free-range laying hens. The method comprises the following steps: (1) chicken raising period: choosing healthful chickens, grouping the healthful chickens after sex identification, and breeding the chickens to be six weeks old in cages with screen beds which are 40 centimeters high or on the ground with thick padded materials; (2) adult raising period: releasing the 7-17-week-old chickens in forest lands or mutinous lands; feeding cocks with adult-period cock feed, feeding hens with adult-period hen feed, and selecting hens as breeding hens at random; reserving breeding hens at the proportion of ratios of male and female 1:8 - 1:12; (3) raising in independent cages and egg producing period: raising the cocks and the hens in cages, conducting artificial insemination, raising the cocks and the hens to be 45 weeks old, and developing individual or family selective breeding according to egg production of 40-week-old hens and early-period growth speed; (4) forest land or mountainous land releasing egg producing period: releasing all 46-60-week-old cocks and hens in forest lands or mountainous lands, allowing the cocks and the hens to collect food by themselves and mate naturally. The method has the advantages of remarkably increasing free-range selecting and breeding effect, improving the chicken survival rate and the adult raising rate, improving average egg production and average egg weight in the egg producing period, and enabling the passing rate and the fertilization rate of hatching eggs to be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method, be mainly used among the technical field of poultry rearing and breeding.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of Chinese society economy, improving constantly of living standards of the people and quality, have higher requirement to the quality of chicken and egg in market, people more and more uphold nature, return Piao and return very, just towards high-quality, safety, efficient, low consumption, small body type trend development, ground necromancer chicken also more and more is subject to the favor in market to domestic poultry husbandry because of its excellent characteristic.The conventional method of rural area feeding soil chicken is fairly simple, general daytime free range husbandry, the wild fruit of searching for food, the seeds of trees, green grass, worm ant etc. automatically get back to and perch in hen house at dusk, peasant household respectively feeds once every day sooner or later.Feed is leftovers, paddy, rice bran, potato class etc.Raise and to slaughter after half a year to one year ediblely, edible way is mainly young cock and old hen.Due to long-term bulk storage, the various food picked from the fields of free choice feeding, ground necromancer chicken has formed strong adaptability, and build is less, solid compactness, the figure is well-balanced, and bone is careful, Quick off the mark, premunition is strong, the good characteristics such as unique flavor, the tender bone shortcake of meat.For a long time, according to people's consumption habit and the market demand, ground necromancer cock mother raises together with, and general cock is raised to 13～17 week listings in age (young cock), and hen does the listing of high-quality old hen after raising and laying eggs for 46～60 ages in week; But because the chick growth rate is slow, laying rate is low, has affected productivity effect and the market competitiveness.On the other hand, ground necromancer chicken all has significant broodiness, and low performance and the growth rate of laying eggs had a strong impact on the reproductive performance of ground necromancer chicken in conjunction with stronger broodiness, has limited the expansion of native chicken numerous and promote.Therefore, for the growth rate that improves young cock and the egg production of hen, and plant reproductive performance with native chicken, the present invention proposes a kind of native chicken layer chicken kind with the raising new model.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method.
Under new raising pattern, soil chicken Breeding Effect obviously increases, survivability of chicks, incubation rate all increase, only equal egg production and the average egg weight of laying period also are improved, qualification rate and the fertilization rate of planting egg rise, kind of chicken obviously descends with regard to the nest rate, through the raising of this pattern, the macroscopic features of hen when eliminating with put native chicken in a suitable place to breed without obviously distinguishing.The new native chicken layer chicken pattern of raising has improved the economic benefit of native chicken cultivation greatly.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method, step comprises:
(1) brood time: after selecting healthy chick's sex identification, male and female hives off, 40 centimetres high net beds raise in cages or ground hassock material flat bring up young to 6 all ages;
(2) age in finishing period: 7-17 week, put in a suitable place to breed in forest land or mountain region, the cock finishing period cock feed of feeding, and hen is raised the finishing period food stuff for chicken laying, and random selection of hen reserved seed for planting, and male and female proportioning 1:8 ~ 1:12 reserves seed for planting;
(3) individuality is raised in cages laying period: the male and female individuality is raised in cages, artificial insemination, to 45 ages in week, according to 40 age in week egg production and early growth speed is carried out individual and family selective breeding is reserved seed for planting;
(4) laying period is put in forest land or mountain region in a suitable place to breed: in age in 46-60 week, all male and female chickens all adopt forest land or mountain region to put in a suitable place to breed, free choice feeding, natural mating.
Further, the feed that above-mentioned brood time uses, its metabolic energy is 11.7 ~ 12.05MJ/kg, its nutrition composition comprises crude protein 20.5 ~ 21%, calcium 0.95 ~ 1.15%, total phosphorus 0.60 ~ 0.70%, salinity 0.36%, coarse ash 5.55 ~ 6.55%.
Further, the feed that above-mentioned brood time uses, in every 100 kilograms, 48 ~ 56 kilograms of corns, 2 ~ 8 kilograms, inferior powder, 2 ~ 8 kilograms of skin chaffs, 18 ~ 28 kilograms of dregs of beans, 2 ~ 8 kilograms of corn protein powders, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of citric acid waste, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of expanded soybean, 0.2 ~ 0.8 kilogram of salt, 1 ~ 2 kilogram, brood time core material, wherein brood time core material per kilogram contains vitamin A 10000 IU, vitamin D
33600 IU, vitamin E 35 IU, Cobastab
28.0 mg, pantothenic acid 12.0mg, nicotinic acid 60mg, choline 1300mg, VB
120.024mg, VK
32.5mg, folic acid 1.2mg, VB
12.5mg, VB
65 mg, vitamin h 0.2 mg, Cu 8.0 mg, Fe 80 mg, I 0.5 mg, Mn 80 mg; Se 0.35 mg, Zn 75 mg, complex enzyme formulation 100mg.
Further, above-mentioned finishing period food stuff for chicken laying, its metabolic energy is 11.30 ~ 11.63MJ/kg, its nutrition composition comprises crude protein 15.5-16%, calcium 1.2-1.5%, total phosphorus 0.52-0.6%, salinity 0.36%, coarse ash 6.55-7.55%.
Further, above-mentioned finishing period food stuff for chicken laying, in every 100 kilograms, comprise 62 ~ 70 kilograms of corns, 6 ~ 14 kilograms of dregs of beans, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of rapeseed dregs, 2 ~ 10 kilograms of corn protein powders, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of stone flour, 0.1 ~ 0.5 kilogram of salt, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of grass meal, comprise 2 ~ 6 kilograms of citric acid wastes, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of expanded soybean, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of meat and bone meal, 1 ~ 2 kilogram, finishing period core material, wherein in finishing period core material, per kilogram contains vitamin A 10500 IU, vitamin D
33500 IU, vitamin E 30 IU, Cobastab
28.0 mg, pantothenic acid 12.0mg, nicotinic acid 50mg, choline 1000mg, VB
120.022mg, VK
32.0mg, folic acid 1.0mg, VB
12.5 mg, VB
65 mg, vitamin h 0.2 mg, Cu 8.0 mg, Fe 80 mg, I 0.45 mg, Mn 80 mg, Se 0.35 mg, Zn 70 mg.
Further, above-mentioned finishing period cock feed, its metabolic energy is 11.45 ~ 11.80MJ/kg, its nutrition composition comprises crude protein 13.5 ~ 15.0%, calcium 1.00 ~ 1.50%, total phosphorus 0.50 ~ 0.60%, salinity 0.36%, coarse ash 6.50 ~ 8.00%.
Further, above-mentioned finishing period cock feed, in every 100 kilograms, comprise 50 ~ 58 kilograms of corns, 10 ~ 20 kilograms of dregs of beans, 2 ~ 10 kilograms of rapeseed dregs, 2 ~ 10 kilograms of corn protein powders, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of stone flour, 0.1 ~ 0.5 kilogram of salt, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of grass meal, comprise 2 ~ 8 kilograms of citric acid wastes, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of expanded soybean, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of meat and bone meal, 1 ~ 1.8 kilogram, finishing period core material, wherein in finishing period core material, per kilogram contains vitamin A 10500 IU, vitamin D
33500 IU, vitamin E 30 IU, Cobastab
28.0 mg, pantothenic acid 12.0mg, nicotinic acid 50mg, choline 1000mg, VB
120.022mg, VK
32.0mg, folic acid 1.0mg, VB
12.5 mg, VB
65 mg, vitamin h 0.2 mg, Cu 8.0 mg, Fe 80 mg, I 0.45 mg, Mn 80 mg, Se 0.35 mg, Zn 70 mg.
Further, the feed of laying period use is put in above-mentioned forest land in a suitable place to breed, and its metabolic energy is 11.34 ~ 11.70 MJ/kg, and its nutrition composition comprises crude protein 16-16.5%, calcium 1.8-2.2%, total phosphorus 0.5-0.55%, salinity 0.38%, coarse ash 9.1-9.9%.
Further, the feed of the later stage use of laying eggs is put in above-mentioned forest land in a suitable place to breed, in every 100 kilograms, 40 ~ 50 kilograms of corns, 2 ~ 8 kilograms, inferior powder, 20 ~ 30 kilograms of skin chaffs, 12 ~ 20 kilograms of dregs of beans, 2 ~ 8 kilograms of corn protein powders, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of citric acid waste, 0.1 ~ 1 kilogram of expanded soybean, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of stone flour, 0.2 ~ 0.8 kilogram of salt, 1 ~ 2 kilogram, the later stage core material of laying eggs, the later stage core material per kilogram of wherein laying eggs contains vitamin A 8500 IU, vitamin D
34000 IU, vitamin E 35 IU, Cobastab
210.0 mg, pantothenic acid 15.0mg, nicotinic acid 50mg, choline 1200mg, VB
120.025mg, VK
32.5mg, folic acid 1.5mg, VB
12.5mg, VB
65 mg, vitamin h 0.2 mg, Cu 8.0 mg, Fe 80 mg, I 0.5 mg, Mn 80 mg; Se 0.4 mg, Zn 80 mg.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Raise the improvement of pattern by the present invention, survivability of chicks, incubation rate improve respectively 2.7%, 1.4%, 1.35 kilograms of young cock 90 ages in days counterpoises, cock on average can shift to an earlier date 5-6 days to be delivered for sale, saves 0.6 yuan of feed cost for every, layer chicken 420 ages in days are only all laid eggs 151 pieces, average ovipository cycle of every hen can be saved feed 3.5 yuan of left and right, and only all a profit can improve 37.3%, and hatchable egg rate reaches 98.7%, qualified fertility rate of egg reaches 95.2%, plants chicken and drops to 5.6% with regard to the nest rate.Adopt this native chicken layer chicken kind with the native chicken layer chicken of raising under new model, the macroscopic features such as male and female chicken feather color, bright and new degree and claw with put native chicken in a suitable place to breed without obviously distinguishing.
Embodiment
The below is described in further detail the present invention according to embodiment.
Embodiment 1: male and female is mixed 1000 of chick, raises in cages on the net and broods for 6 weeks, and the beginning of the 7th week is raised according to traditional forest land mode of putting in a suitable place to breed, supports and eliminates listing to 60 ages in week.Record is raised in cages and the forest land is put each stage body weight, each stage egg production (laying rate), fertility rate of hatching egg, incubation rate in a suitable place to breed, plants chicken with regard to the nest rate, old hen market weight and appearance situation.
1a, productivity (body weight) situation: (table 1)
Each of table 1 in stage male and female chicken body weight (unit: g)
Annotate: weigh per morning at weekend on an empty stomach, and 50 of every colony random samplings are weighed.
1b, Performance of Laying situation: (table 2)
Table 2 Performance of Laying and hatchable egg rate (unit: individual, %)
1c, chicken group appearance proterties:
(1) feather: native chicken feather closely neatly, color is bright and new, color is darker.
(2) chicken neck: the chicken neck of native chicken is short and compact, and hair is many, without depilation phenomenon.
(3) shank: the shank of native chicken is thin, thin and dry, color is darker, and obvious silkworm cocoon is arranged under claw, and the wearing and tearing of pawl point obviously.
1d, economic benefit: male and female is raised together with lower of the condition 110 pieces of left and right of all laying eggs, 1.17 kilograms of young cock counterpoises.
Embodiment 2: sex identification after the chick hatching, the male and female raising of hiving off, totally 1000, raise in cages on the net and brooded for 6 weeks, put in a suitable place to breed in the 7th all forest lands that begins, and plants to random selection in 17 ages in week and use qualified hen, cock is that 1 cock is joined 10 hens by 1:10() reserve seed for planting, raise in cages and lay eggs for 18～45 age in week, and the male and female individuality is raised in cages, artificial insemination.46～60 age in week the forest land put in a suitable place to breed and lay eggs, natural mating.Support and eliminate listing to 60 ages in week.Record is raised in cages and the forest land is put each stage body weight, each stage egg production (laying rate), fertility rate of hatching egg, incubation rate in a suitable place to breed, plants chicken with regard to the nest rate, old hen market weight and appearance situation.
2a, productivity (body weight) situation: (table 3)
Each of table 3 in stage male and female chicken body weight (unit: g)
Annotate: weigh per morning at weekend on an empty stomach, and 50 of every colony random samplings are weighed.
2b, Performance of Laying situation: (table 4)
Table 4 Performance of Laying and hatchable egg rate (unit: individual, %)
2c, chicken group appearance proterties:
(1) feather: native chicken coop support to 45 age in week feather sparse uneven, color is more shallow, bright and new degree is relatively poor, but when under 45 ages in week, cage is put in a suitable place to breed to 55 age in week, the color of male and female chicken feather, bright and new degree and the feather of putting native chicken in a suitable place to breed be indistinction.
(2) chicken neck: the male and female chicken neck of raising in cages is relatively long, and causes crop 4 centimetres, top internal hair few or do not have hair because pecking at the cage friction, but when under 45 ages in week, cage put for 52 age in week in a suitable place to breed, the neck feather all grew.
(3) shank: the claw of the male and female chicken of raising in cages is relatively thick, color is more shallow, there is no obvious silkworm cocoon, and what wearing and tearing sign the pawl point does not have, but under 45 ages in week, cage was put in a suitable place to breed to 60 weeks during age, with the feather of putting native chicken in a suitable place to breed without obviously distinguishing.
2d, economic benefit: the male and female raising of hiving off, cock feeds the special soil broiler fodder, and hen each stage feed formula of special soil egg feedstuff of feeding sees Table 5, the hen 420 ages in days 151 pieces of left and right of only all laying eggs, 1.35 kilograms of young cock 90 ages in days counterpoises on average can shift to an earlier date 5-6 days and deliver for sale.
Adopt the male and female chicken under this kind cultivation pattern, its survivability of chicks, incubation rate improve respectively 2.7%, 1.4%, 1.35 kilograms of young cock 90 ages in days counterpoises, cock on average can shift to an earlier date 5-6 days and deliver for sale, save 0.6 yuan of feed cost for every, layer chicken 420 ages in days are only all laid eggs 151 pieces, and average ovipository cycle of every hen can be saved feed 3.5 yuan of left and right, and only all a profit can improve 37.3%.The macroscopic features such as male and female chicken feather color, bright and new degree and claw are distinguished without obvious with putting native chicken in a suitable place to breed, are a kind of desirable native chicken layer chicken kind aquaculture models.
The native chicken layer chicken of table 5 kind is with raising each stage feed formula
Above-described embodiment only is explanation technical conceive of the present invention and characteristics, and its purpose is to allow the personage who is familiar with this art can understand content of the present invention and be implemented, and can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.All equivalences that Spirit Essence is done according to the present invention change or modify, and all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method, is characterized in that, step comprises:
(1) brood time: after selecting healthy chick's sex identification, male and female hives off, 40 centimetres high net beds raise in cages or ground hassock material flat bring up young to 6 all ages;
(2) age in finishing period: 7-17 week, put in a suitable place to breed in forest land or mountain region, the cock finishing period cock feed of feeding, and hen is raised the finishing period food stuff for chicken laying, and random selection of hen reserved seed for planting, and male and female proportioning 1:8 ~ 1:12 reserves seed for planting;
(3) individuality is raised in cages laying period: the male and female individuality is raised in cages, artificial insemination, to 45 ages in week, according to 40 age in week egg production and early growth speed is carried out individual and family selective breeding is reserved seed for planting;
(4) laying period is put in forest land or mountain region in a suitable place to breed: in age in 46-60 week, all male and female chickens all adopt forest land or mountain region to put in a suitable place to breed, free choice feeding, natural mating.
2. native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the feed that described brood time uses, its metabolic energy is 11.7 ~ 12.05MJ/kg, its nutrition composition comprises crude protein 20.5 ~ 21%, calcium 0.95 ~ 1.15%, total phosphorus 0.60 ~ 0.70%, salinity 0.36%, coarse ash 5.55 ~ 6.55%.
3. native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the feed that described brood time uses, in every 100 kilograms, 48 ~ 56 kilograms of corns, 2 ~ 8 kilograms, inferior powder, 2 ~ 8 kilograms of skin chaffs, 18 ~ 28 kilograms of dregs of beans, 2 ~ 8 kilograms of corn protein powders, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of citric acid waste, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of expanded soybean, 0.2 ~ 0.8 kilogram of salt, 1 ~ 2 kilogram, brood time core material, wherein brood time core material per kilogram contains vitamin A 10000 IU, vitamin D
33600 IU, vitamin E 35 IU, Cobastab
28.0 mg, pantothenic acid 12.0mg, nicotinic acid 60mg, choline 1300mg, VB
120.024mg, VK
32.5mg, folic acid 1.2mg, VB
12.5mg, VB
65 mg, vitamin h 0.2 mg, Cu 8.0 mg, Fe 80 mg, I 0.5 mg, Mn 80 mg; Se 0.35 mg, Zn 75 mg, complex enzyme formulation 100mg.
4. native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described finishing period food stuff for chicken laying, its metabolic energy is 11.30 ~ 11.63MJ/kg, its nutrition composition comprises crude protein 15.5-16%, calcium 1.2-1.5%, total phosphorus 0.52-0.6%, salinity 0.36%, coarse ash 6.55-7.55%.
5. native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described finishing period food stuff for chicken laying, in every 100 kilograms, comprise 62 ~ 70 kilograms of corns, 6 ~ 14 kilograms of dregs of beans, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of rapeseed dregs, 2 ~ 10 kilograms of corn protein powders, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of stone flour, 0.1 ~ 0.5 kilogram of salt, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of grass meal, comprise 2 ~ 6 kilograms of citric acid wastes, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of expanded soybean, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of meat and bone meal, 1 ~ 2 kilogram, finishing period core material, wherein in finishing period core material, per kilogram contains vitamin A 10500 IU, vitamin D
33500 IU, vitamin E 30 IU, Cobastab
28.0 mg, pantothenic acid 12.0mg, nicotinic acid 50mg, choline 1000mg, VB
120.022mg, VK
32.0mg, folic acid 1.0mg, VB
12.5 mg, VB
65 mg, vitamin h 0.2 mg, Cu 8.0 mg, Fe 80 mg, I 0.45 mg, Mn 80 mg, Se 0.35 mg, Zn 70 mg.
6. native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described finishing period cock feed, its metabolic energy is 11.45 ~ 11.80MJ/kg, its nutrition composition comprises crude protein 13.5 ~ 15.0%, calcium 1.00 ~ 1.50%, total phosphorus 0.50 ~ 0.60%, salinity 0.36%, coarse ash 6.50 ~ 8.00%.
7. native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described finishing period cock feed, in every 100 kilograms, comprise 50 ~ 58 kilograms of corns, 10 ~ 20 kilograms of dregs of beans, 2 ~ 10 kilograms of rapeseed dregs, 2 ~ 10 kilograms of corn protein powders, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of stone flour, 0.1 ~ 0.5 kilogram of salt, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of grass meal, comprise 2 ~ 8 kilograms of citric acid wastes, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of expanded soybean, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of meat and bone meal, 1 ~ 1.8 kilogram, finishing period core material, wherein in finishing period core material, per kilogram contains vitamin A 10500 IU, vitamin D
33500 IU, vitamin E 30 IU, Cobastab
28.0 mg, pantothenic acid 12.0mg, nicotinic acid 50mg, choline 1000mg, VB
120.022mg, VK
32.0mg, folic acid 1.0mg, VB
12.5 mg, VB
65 mg, vitamin h 0.2 mg, Cu 8.0 mg, Fe 80 mg, I 0.45 mg, Mn 80 mg, Se 0.35 mg, Zn 70 mg.
8. native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the feed of laying period use is put in described forest land in a suitable place to breed, its metabolic energy is 11.34 ~ 11.70 MJ/kg, its nutrition composition comprises crude protein 16-16.5%, calcium 1.8-2.2%, total phosphorus 0.5-0.55%, salinity 0.38%, coarse ash 9.1-9.9%.
9. native chicken layer chicken kind cultural method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the feed of the later stage use of laying eggs is put in described forest land in a suitable place to breed, in every 100 kilograms, 40 ~ 50 kilograms of corns, 2 ~ 8 kilograms, inferior powder, 20 ~ 30 kilograms of skin chaffs, 12 ~ 20 kilograms of dregs of beans, 2 ~ 8 kilograms of corn protein powders, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of citric acid waste, 0.1 ~ 1 kilogram of expanded soybean, 1 ~ 4 kilogram of stone flour, 0.2 ~ 0.8 kilogram of salt, 1 ~ 2 kilogram, the later stage core material of laying eggs, the later stage core material per kilogram of wherein laying eggs contains vitamin A 8500 IU, vitamin D
34000 IU, vitamin E 35 IU, Cobastab
210.0 mg, pantothenic acid 15.0mg, nicotinic acid 50mg, choline 1200mg, VB
120.025mg, VK
32.5mg, folic acid 1.5mg, VB
12.5mg, VB
65 mg, vitamin h 0.2 mg, Cu 8.0 mg, Fe 80 mg, I 0.5 mg, Mn 80 mg; Se 0.4 mg, Zn 80 mg.
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| CN105941303A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-21 | 广西凤翔集团畜禽食品有限公司 | Method for improving fertilization rate of Guangxi local breeding chicken |
| CN106614323A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-10 | 全椒县城西畜牧养殖专业合作社 | Method for increasing egg yield of native hens |
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| CN109275622A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-29 | 龚海华 | A kind of cyclic culture method of laying hen |
| CN108260562A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-10 | 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of accurate method for breeding of broiler chicken |
| CN110179007A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-30 | 安徽华栋山中鲜农业开发有限公司 | It is a kind of improve free-ranging chicken megathermal period fertility feed addictive and its application |
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