CN103096402A - Cell reselection method and cell changing-over method - Google Patents
Cell reselection method and cell changing-over method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cell reselection method. UE under an idle condition monitors quality of a communication channel of a service cell and adjacent cells, and the service cell is a macrocell. When cell reselection conditions are met, whether a potential reselection target cell is a macrocell and stays in a high-speed moving state is judged, if the potential reselection target cell is the macrocell and stays in the high-speed moving state, the UE adjusts the parameters of the cell reselection and achieves the delaying of the cell reselection. The invention further provides a cell changing-over method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mobile communication technology field, relate in particular to a kind of residence reselecting and a kind of cell switching method.
Background technology
In order to satisfy the performance requirement index of IMT-Advanced (4G), 3GPP has carried out the research of the follow-up evolution of LTE technology, i.e. LTE-Advanced.The LTE-Advanced system has kept the backwards compatibility to the LTE system preferably, and can satisfy demand and the application of wireless communications market in the coming years.
Characteristics of LTE-Advanced system are to have adopted the heterogeneous network node networking.So-called heterogeneous network node refers to that these network nodes have the coverage of different sizes, dissimilar back haul link.In LTE-Advanced, this network that is comprised of the heterogeneous network node is called heterogeneous network.Typical heterogeneous network node comprises: macro base station (Macro), little base station (Pico), Home eNodeB (Femto) and relay base station (Relay).Wherein, the Macro residential quarter is used for providing the covering of wide area; The capacity in focus business area be used for to be improved in the Pico residential quarter, the load of balance Macro residential quarter; The Femto residential quarter is used to the personal user that better service quality is provided; The Relay residential quarter is used for the covering of expansion Macro cell edge, perhaps is deployed in the place of being inconvenient to dispose wired back haul link.
Heterogeneous network has changed the topological structure of conventional cellular network, has disposed simultaneously so websites with different transmission power and coverage in system more, makes network design more flexible.But heterogeneous network has also brought some new challenges to system, and the series of problems that new network configuration is brought all needs to solve.Increase the website of a large amount of overlapping coverings in the coverage of macro base station, can increase too much " cell edge ", therefore can increase the complexity of mobile management, especially increased the complexity that switch cell reselection and residential quarter.
Cell reselection refers to that the UE that is in idle condition (idle) transfers to the process of another residential quarter from a residential quarter.Cell reselection is the autonomous behavior of UE, and UE selects to satisfy the new Serving cell of cell reselection condition according to the channel quality measurements of Serving cell and adjacent cell.Prior art small area reuse adoption process as shown in Figure 1, when the difference of the channel quality that satisfies adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses Q
HystCondition the time, UE starts cell reselection timer (Treselection
RAT).If at Treselection
RATBefore timer expiry, the channel quality of adjacent cell satisfies this condition always, works as Treselection
RATIn the time of timer expiry, UE will gravity treatment arrive this adjacent cell; If at Treselection
RATBefore timer expiry, the channel quality of adjacent cell no longer satisfies this condition, and UE does not carry out cell reselection.Introduce Treselection
RATThe purpose of timer is to reduce unnecessary cell reselection.In the prior art, Q
HystAnd Treselection
RATBy broadcast transmission, Q
HystUnit be the decibel (dB), Treselection
RATUnit be the millisecond (ms).
In existing standard, when UE is in high-speed moving state, can accelerate cell reselection process, namely reduce Q
HystThe size of value shortens Treselection
RATThe duration of timer.Under the heterogeneous network scene, may dispose a large amount of Pico residential quarters in the Macro cell coverage area, according to prior art, the UE under idle condition can carry out cell reselection continually, has increased the complexity that UE realizes.
The UE that the residential quarter switching refers to be under connection status transfers to the process of another residential quarter from a residential quarter.Adopt and be the cell switching method of " UE is auxiliary, network decision " in existing standard." UE auxiliary " refers to when switch decision is carried out in the base station channel quality that will report with reference to UE.The channel quality of UE Monitoring Service residential quarter and adjacent cell, when the channel of lookup service residential quarter and adjacent cell satisfied certain condition, UE was to eNB reporting measurement result." network decision " refers to the measurement result that eNB reports according to UE, determines whether this UE is switched to other residential quarters.Handoff procedure as shown in Figure 2, when the channel quality difference of the channel quality of adjacent cell and Serving cell surpassed offset, UE thought and has satisfied trigger condition, starts the timeToTrigger timer.Before the timeToTrigger timer expiry, if the channel quality of the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies this condition always, UE reports eNB with measurement result in the timeToTrigger timer expiry; Before the timeToTrigger timer expiry, if the channel quality of the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell no longer satisfies this condition, UE stops the timeToTrigger timer so, continues the channel quality of Monitoring Service residential quarter and adjacent cell.The effect of introducing the timeToTrigger timer is to reduce pingpang handoff.In the prior art, offset and timeToTrigger are by the broadcast transmission, and the unit of offset is a decibel dB, and the unit of timeToTrigger is a millisecond ms.
In prior art, consider that the Macro residential quarter is more urgent to the switching of Pico residential quarter, in order to reduce handover failure rate, should accelerate the Macro residential quarter to the switching of Pico residential quarter.The method is to control the switching speed by the timeToTrigger timer that adopts different durations.The advantage of the method is the handover success rate in can improving, under the low speed scene, and shortcoming is to improve the pingpang handoff rate.For the situation of high-speed mobile, even if accelerate to switch, still have may switch unsuccessfully, the method is limited to the effect that reduces handover failure rate.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of residence reselecting and a kind of cell switching method, can greatly reduce unnecessary cell reselection and residential quarter and switch.
A kind of residence reselecting that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises the steps:
The channel quality of the UE Monitoring Service residential quarter under A, idle condition and the adjacent cell of Serving cell, described Serving cell are macrocell;
B, described UE judge whether the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies the cell reselection condition, if, execution in step C, otherwise return to steps A;
C, judge whether potential re-aiming residential quarter is macrocell, if, execution in step E, otherwise, execution in step D;
D, UE judge whether self is in high-speed moving state, if, execution in step F, otherwise execution in step E;
E, UE carry out normal cell reselection, and process ends;
F, UE adjust cell reselection parameters and realize delaying cell reselection.
Preferably, the described UE of step B judges whether the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies the cell reselection condition and comprise:
When the difference of the channel quality that satisfies adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses Q
HystCondition the time, UE starts Treselection
RATTimer is if the difference of the channel quality of adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses Q all the time before described timer expiry
Hyst, to judge and satisfy the cell reselection condition, other situations are judged and are not satisfied the cell reselection condition; Described Q
HystAnd Treselection
RATThe parameter of transmitting by broadcast.
Preferably, step D comprises:
The number of times of cell reselection self occurs in the UE statistics, if at T
CRmaxIn time, the number of times that cell reselection occurs UE is greater than the first threshold value but less than the second threshold value, UE is in the middling speed mobile status so; If at T
CRmaxIn time, the number of times of cell reselection occurs greater than the second threshold value in UE, and UE is in high-speed moving state so; In all the other situations, UE is in constant speed mobile status, T
CRmaxBe the parameter of transmitting by broadcast.
Preferably, step F comprises: UE is by increasing Q
HystAnd/or Treselection
RATValue realize delaying cell reselection.
Preferably, step F comprises:
UE receives the broadcast that comprises the first weighted factor sf_1 and/or the second weighted factor sf_2, with Q
HystAdd that the first weighted factor sf_1 is as new Q
HystAnd/or with Treselection
RATMultiply by the second weighted factor sf_2 as new Treselection
RAT
A kind of cell switching method that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises the steps:
The channel quality of the UE Monitoring Service residential quarter under a, connection status and the adjacent cell of Serving cell, described Serving cell are macrocell;
B, described UE judge whether the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies the measurement report condition, if, execution in step c, otherwise return to step a;
C, judge whether potential switching target small area is macrocell, if, execution in step e, otherwise, execution in step d;
D, UE judge whether self is in high-speed moving state, if, execution in step f, otherwise execution in step e;
E, UE carry out normal the measurement and report, then execution in step g;
F, UE adjust to measure and report parameter to realize delaying to measure reporting;
G: the base station determines whether this UE is switched to Target cell according to the measurement parameter that UE reports.
Preferably, the described UE of step b judges whether the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies the measurement report condition and comprise:
When the difference of the channel quality that satisfies adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses the condition of offset, UE starts the timeToTrigger timer, if the difference of the channel quality of adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses offset all the time before described timer expiry, judge to satisfy and measure report condition, other situations are judged the dissatisfied report condition of measuring; The parameter that described offset and timeToTrigger transmit by broadcast.
Preferably, steps d comprises:
The number of times that switch the residential quarter self occurs in the UE statistics, if at T
CRmaxIn time, UE the number of times that switches the residential quarter occurs greater than the first threshold value but less than the second threshold value, UE is in the middling speed mobile status so; If at T
CRmaxIn time, the number of times that UE occurs to switch the residential quarter is greater than the second threshold value, and UE is in high-speed moving state so; In all the other situations, UE is in constant speed mobile status, T
CRmaxBe the parameter of transmitting by broadcast.
Preferably, step f comprises: UE realizes delaying to measure reporting by the value that increases offset and/or timeToTrigger.
Preferably, step f comprises:
UE receives broadcast or the radio resource control RRC message that comprises the 3rd weighted factor sf_3 and/or the 4th weighted factor sf_4, and offset is added that the 3rd weighted factor sf_3 multiply by the 4th weighted factor sf_4 as new timeToTrigger as new offset and/or with timeToTrigger.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions, UE is when carrying out the switching of cell reselection and residential quarter, if Target cell is not macrocell and self is in high-speed moving state, delay to carry out cell reselection and residential quarter and switch, switch thereby reduce UE unnecessary cell reselection and residential quarter in the high-speed mobile process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is prior art small area reuse adoption process schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is prior art small area handoff procedure schematic diagram;
A kind of cell re-selection procedure figure that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
A kind of residential quarter switching flow figure that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In heterogeneous network, the Pico residential quarter generally can be deployed in the traffic hotspots area, to improve the throughput of hot zones, shares simultaneously the load of Macro residential quarter.Consider actual conditions, often than comparatively dense, and often there is not the UE of high-speed mobile in the user in Pico center of housing estate zone in the central area of Pico residential quarter.Pass through at a high speed UE under the connection status of Pico cell edge for some, after switching to the Pico residential quarter, may be have in a short period of time switched to other residential quarters from the Pico residential quarter again, be equivalent to like this increase unnecessary switching.According to prior art, be the Pico residential quarter if switch target, should accelerate corresponding handoff procedure, this can further worsen performance of handoffs.Also there is similar problem for the UE under idle condition, because UE can carry out a large amount of cell reselections, improved implementation complexity and the power consumption of UE.The basic reason that causes the problems referred to above is under the heterogeneous network scene, and the UE of some high-speed mobile is through the Pico residential quarter time, and real intention is served for a long time in order to enter the Pico residential quarter, and is only to pass by the Pico residential quarter.
The inventive method is that cell reselection and switching flow are optimized, and avoids some unnecessary cell reselection and switchings as far as possible.The method strengthens to realize by the condition that triggering cell gravity treatment and handover measurement are reported.
The factor that has influence on the cell reselection speed comprises parameter Q
HystAnd Treselection
RATQ
HystAnd Treselection
RATValue larger, cell reselection is slower; Q
HystAnd Treselection
RATValue less, cell reselection is faster.Have influence on the factor of switching speed and comprise parameter offset and timeToTrigger, the value of offset and timeToTrigger is larger, switches slower; The value of offset and timeToTrigger is less, switches faster.Therefore, can reach by the size of adjusting above-mentioned parameter and adjust cell reselection and switch speed, and then reach the purpose that switch the cell reselection of avoiding unnecessary and residential quarter.
For the principle, characteristics and the effect that make technical solution of the present invention is clearer, below by specific embodiment, the present invention program is further elaborated.
The embodiment of the present invention only describes as an example of the gravity treatment of Macro residential quarter and Pico residential quarter example.Figure 3 shows that a kind of cell re-selection procedure that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprise the steps:
Step 301: the channel quality of the UE Monitoring Service residential quarter under idle condition and the adjacent cell of Serving cell.
Step 302: described UE judges whether the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies the cell reselection condition, if, execution in step 303, otherwise return to step 301.
When the difference of the channel quality that satisfies adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses Q
HystCondition the time, UE starts Treselection
RATTimer is if the difference of the channel quality of adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses Q all the time before described timer expiry
Hyst, to judge and satisfy the cell reselection condition, other situations are judged and are not satisfied the cell reselection condition; Described Q
HystAnd Treselection
RATThe parameter of transmitting by broadcast.
Step 303: judge whether potential re-aiming residential quarter is the Pico residential quarter, if not Pico residential quarter (being that Target cell still is the Macro residential quarter), execution in step 305, if, execution in step 304.
Step 304:UE judges whether self is in high-speed moving state, if, execution in step 306, otherwise execution in step 305.
UE under idle condition determines the mobile status of UE according to the number of times that cell reselection occurs in certain hour: the number of times of cell reselection self occurs in the UE statistics, if at T
CRmaxIn time, the number of times that cell reselection occurs UE is greater than the first threshold value but less than the second threshold value, UE is in the middling speed mobile status so; If at T
CRmaxIn time, the number of times of cell reselection occurs greater than the second threshold value in UE, and UE is in high-speed moving state so; In all the other situations, UE is in constant speed mobile status, T
CRmaxBe the parameter of transmitting by broadcast.
Step 305:UE carries out normal cell reselection, and process ends.
Step 306:UE adjusts cell reselection parameters and realizes delaying cell reselection.According to the discussion of front, by increasing Q
HystAnd/or Treselection
RATValue can realize delaying cell reselection.Particularly, delaying cell reselection can pass through at Q
HystAdd one on the basis of original value greater than 0 weighted factor sf_1 and/or at Treselection
RATMultiply by a weighted factor sf_2 greater than 1 on the basis of original value realizes.Because the UE under idle condition can only receive broadcast, so eNB can transmit this weighted factor sf_1 and/or sf_2 to UE by broadcast, after UE receives broadcast, according to weighted factor sf_1 and/or sf_2 to Q
HystAnd/or Treselection
RATAdjust, and carry out cell reselection according to the parameter after adjusting.
Figure 4 shows that the residential quarter switching flow that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprise the steps:
Step 401: the channel quality of the UE Monitoring Service residential quarter under connection status and the adjacent cell of Serving cell.
Whether the channel quality that step 402:UE judgement detects Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies Event triggered measurement report condition, if, execution in step 403, otherwise return to step 401.
When the difference of the channel quality that satisfies adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses the condition of offset, UE starts the timeToTrigger timer, if the difference of the channel quality of adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses offset all the time before described timer expiry, judge to satisfy and measure report condition, other situations are judged the dissatisfied report condition of measuring; The parameter that described offset and timeToTrigger transmit by broadcast.
Step 403: judge whether potential switching target small area is the Pico residential quarter.If, execution in step 404, otherwise execution in step 405.
Step 404:UE judges whether self is in high-speed moving state, if, execution in step 406, otherwise execution in step 405.
UE under connection status determines the mobile status of UE according to the number of times that occurs in certain hour to switch the residential quarter: if at T
CRmaxIn time, the number of times that UE switches is greater than the first threshold value but less than the second threshold value, UE is in the middling speed mobile status so; If at T
CRmaxIn time, the number of times that UE switches is greater than the second threshold value, and UE is in high-speed moving state so; In all the other situations, UE is in the constant speed mobile status.
Step 405:UE carries out normal the measurement and reports, and then execution in step 407.
Step 406: adjust handoff parameter and realize delaying to measure reporting.Particularly, delay to measure that report can be by realizing adding one on the basis of the original value of offset greater than 0 weighted factor sf_3 and/or multiply by a weighted factor sf_4 greater than 1 on the basis of the original value of timeToTrigger.UE under connection status can receive broadcast and RRC signaling, so eNB can transmit weighted factor sf_3 and sf_4 to UE by broadcast or RRC signaling.
Step 407: the base station determines whether this UE is switched to Target cell according to the measurement parameter that UE reports.
The embodiment of the present invention is only with the example that switches to of Macro residential quarter and Pico residential quarter, and for the switching between Macro residential quarter and other types residential quarters (Femto residential quarter and Relay residential quarter), method of the present invention is applicable equally.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of making, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a residence reselecting, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The channel quality of the UE Monitoring Service residential quarter under A, idle condition and the adjacent cell of Serving cell, described Serving cell are macrocell;
B, described UE judge whether the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies the cell reselection condition, if, execution in step C, otherwise return to steps A;
C, judge whether potential re-aiming residential quarter is macrocell, if, execution in step E, otherwise, execution in step D;
D, UE judge whether self is in high-speed moving state, if, execution in step F, otherwise execution in step E;
E, UE carry out normal cell reselection, and process ends;
F, UE adjust cell reselection parameters and realize delaying cell reselection.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described UE of step B judges whether the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies the cell reselection condition and comprise:
When the difference of the channel quality that satisfies adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses Q
HystCondition the time, UE starts Treselection
RATTimer is if the difference of the channel quality of adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses Q all the time before described timer expiry
Hyst, to judge and satisfy the cell reselection condition, other situations are judged and are not satisfied the cell reselection condition; Described Q
HystAnd Treselection
RATThe parameter of transmitting by broadcast.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step D comprises:
The number of times of cell reselection self occurs in the UE statistics, if at T
CRmaxIn time, the number of times that cell reselection occurs UE is greater than the first threshold value but less than the second threshold value, UE is in the middling speed mobile status so; If at T
CRmaxIn time, the number of times of cell reselection occurs greater than the second threshold value in UE, and UE is in high-speed moving state so; In all the other situations, UE is in constant speed mobile status, T
CRmaxBe the parameter of transmitting by broadcast.
4. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, step F comprises: UE is by increasing Q
HystAnd/or Treselection
RATValue realize delaying cell reselection.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, step F comprises:
UE receives the broadcast that comprises the first weighted factor sf_1 and/or the second weighted factor sf_2, with Q
HystAdd that the first weighted factor sf_1 is as new Q
HystAnd/or with Treselection
RATMultiply by the second weighted factor sf_2 as new Treselection
RAT
6. a cell switching method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The channel quality of the UE Monitoring Service residential quarter under a, connection status and the adjacent cell of Serving cell, described Serving cell are macrocell;
B, described UE judge whether the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies the measurement report condition, if, execution in step c, otherwise return to step a;
C, judge whether potential switching target small area is macrocell, if, execution in step e, otherwise, execution in step d;
D, UE judge whether self is in high-speed moving state, if, execution in step f, otherwise execution in step e;
E, UE carry out normal the measurement and report, then execution in step g;
F, UE adjust to measure and report parameter to realize delaying to measure reporting;
G: the base station determines whether this UE is switched to Target cell according to the measurement parameter that UE reports.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the described UE of step b judges whether the channel quality of Serving cell and adjacent cell satisfies the measurement report condition and comprise:
When the difference of the channel quality that satisfies adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses the condition of offset, UE starts the timeToTrigger timer, if the difference of the channel quality of adjacent cell and threshold value surpasses offset all the time before described timer expiry, judge to satisfy and measure report condition, other situations are judged the dissatisfied report condition of measuring; The parameter that described offset and timeToTrigger transmit by broadcast.
8. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, steps d comprises:
The number of times that switch the residential quarter self occurs in the UE statistics, if at T
CRmaxIn time, UE the number of times that switches the residential quarter occurs greater than the first threshold value but less than the second threshold value, UE is in the middling speed mobile status so; If at T
CRmaxIn time, the number of times that UE occurs to switch the residential quarter is greater than the second threshold value, and UE is in high-speed moving state so; In all the other situations, UE is in constant speed mobile status, T
CRmaxBe the parameter of transmitting by broadcast.
9. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, step f comprises: UE realizes delaying to measure reporting by the value that increases offset and/or timeToTrigger.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, step f comprises:
UE receives broadcast or the radio resource control RRC message that comprises the 3rd weighted factor sf_3 and/or the 4th weighted factor sf_4, and offset is added that the 3rd weighted factor sf_3 multiply by the 4th weighted factor sf_4 as new timeToTrigger as new offset and/or with timeToTrigger.
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| WO2015100947A1 (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-09 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Cell reselecting method and device, and cell parameter configuration method and device |
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| CN106413016A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-15 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | Cell selection processing method and intelligent terminal |
| CN106470456A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-03-01 | 电信科学技术研究院 | A kind of method and terminal carrying out relay selection in network termination |
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| CN112203361A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-08 | Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司 | Method and device for processing radio link failure, terminal and storage medium |
| WO2023134684A1 (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-07-20 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Cell reselection method and apparatus, device, system, and storage medium |
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| CN104519510B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2018-02-23 | 中国移动通信集团北京有限公司 | A kind of optimization method and device of cell reselection parameters |
| CN104519510A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-15 | 中国移动通信集团北京有限公司 | Cell reselection parameter optimizing method and device |
| WO2015100947A1 (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-09 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Cell reselecting method and device, and cell parameter configuration method and device |
| CN105323829A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-02-10 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Cell selection method, cell selection device, base station and terminal |
| CN106413016B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2019-10-25 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | A kind of cell selection processing method and intelligent terminal |
| CN106413016A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-15 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | Cell selection processing method and intelligent terminal |
| CN106470456A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-03-01 | 电信科学技术研究院 | A kind of method and terminal carrying out relay selection in network termination |
| CN110324864A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-11 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | A kind of data transmission method and device |
| CN110324864B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2020-09-25 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Data transmission method and device |
| WO2019238028A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Cell management method, terminal and network-side device |
| US11564143B2 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2023-01-24 | Vivo Mobile Communication Co., Ltd. | Method for cell management, terminal, and network-side device |
| CN112203361A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-08 | Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司 | Method and device for processing radio link failure, terminal and storage medium |
| WO2023134684A1 (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-07-20 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Cell reselection method and apparatus, device, system, and storage medium |
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